膝关节周围截骨术治疗膝外翻性骨关节炎研究进展北大核心CSCD

目的对近年膝关节周围截骨术治疗膝外翻性骨关节炎的手术方式研究进展进行综述。方法查阅近年国内外膝外翻性骨关节炎截骨手术治疗相关文献,对膝关节周围截骨术不同手术方式的优缺点、疗效进行总结。结果对于有症状且年轻、活动度大的膝外翻性骨关节炎患者,膝关节周围截骨术是一种安全、可靠的治疗选择。目前,临床应用的主要手术方式有股骨远端内侧闭合楔形截骨术、股骨远端外侧张开楔形截骨术、胫骨近端内侧闭合楔形截骨术、胫骨近端外侧张开楔形截骨术。不同截骨手术方式的适应证和优缺点不同,选择正确的截骨手术方式对取得良好的临床疗效至关重要。结论膝关节周围截骨术治疗膝外翻性骨关节炎有多种手术方式,为获得良好预后、提高生存率、减少并发症发生,需要根据不同情况制定最合理的手术策略。     

腓骨上段截骨治疗膝关节骨关节炎

[目的]探讨腓骨上段截骨(proximal fibular osteotomy,PFO)治疗膝关节内侧骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)的临床疗效、安全性及其优点.[方法]回顾性分析2020年2月-2021年2月本院采用PFO治疗的内侧KOA患者60例,比较各时期的VAS评分、HSS评分、KSS...     

胫骨高位双平面截骨术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎

目的探讨胫骨高位双平面截骨术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的近期疗效。方法采用胫骨高位双平面截骨术治疗37例膝内侧间室骨关节炎患者。测量手术前后膝关节站立负重位X线片胫股解剖角、髋—膝—踝角,记录手术前后膝关节损伤和骨关节炎KOOS评分、KSS评分和疼痛VAS评分。结果患者均顺利完成手术。术后未出现感染、骨筋膜室综合征、腓总神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓等并发症,截骨处愈合良好,患者膝内翻畸形情况均得到矫正。37例均获得随访,时间6~30(18.6±7.0)个月。胫股解剖角、髋—膝—踝角、KOOS评分、KSS评分、VAS评分术后3个月较术前明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论胫骨高位双平面截骨术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎能够纠正下肢异常力线,缓解或者消除膝关节疼痛症状,短期疗效满意。     

膝关节单髁置换术治疗严重内侧间室骨性关节炎

[目的]探讨膝关节单髁置换术治疗严重内侧间室骨性关节炎的疗效与手术技术。[方法]回顾性分析2008年5月～2009年6月采用膝关节单髁置换术治疗18例(18膝)严重内侧间室骨性关节炎患者的资料,对患者术前、术后膝关节疼痛及关节活动度进行评估(HSS评分法),并测量术后膝关节力线与术前测量结果比较,分析术前病例的选择及手术技术。[结果]术后平均随访18个月(12～24个月),所有病例术后随访时关节内侧间室负重和静息性疼痛症状明显减轻或消失,膝关节活动度达到平均100°(0°～120°);术后力线为平均内翻2°(0°～内翻5°)。HSS评分由术前68分(60～76分)增至85分(78～90分),优良率达89%。[结论]膝关节单髁置换术治疗严重内侧间室骨性关节炎具有较好的疗效,术前病例选择和术中在C型臂机监视下手术操作至关重要。     

人工全膝关节置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗终末期膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法对行TKA治疗的181例终末期膝关节骨关节炎患者(226膝)分别于手术后40、120、180、360 d进行定期随访观察,对患者HSS膝关节功能评分及膝关节最大活动度进行比较。结果患者均获得随访,时间1~2年。膝关节功能HSS评分:优209膝(92.5%),良13膝(5.8%),可3膝(1.3%),差1膝(0.4%),优良率98.2%。术后各时间段的HSS评分及膝关节最大活动度均较术前显著提高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TKA是治疗终末期膝关节骨关节炎的有效方法,正确的手术操作和合理的功能锻炼是取得满意临床效果决定性因素。     

Kinetic and kinematic changes with the use of valgus knee brace and lateral wedge insoles in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis

The effect of a valgus knee brace and a lateral wedged insole on knee and ankle kinematics and kinetics was evaluated in ten patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA). The knee orthosis was tested in two valgus adjustments (4° and 8°), and the laterally wedged insole was fabricated with an inclination of 4°. A motion capture system and force platforms were used for data collection and joint moments were calculated using inverse dynamics. The valgus moment applied by the orthosis was also measured using a strain gauge implemented in the orthosis' rotational axis. For the second peak knee adduction moment, decreases of 18%, 21%, and 7% were observed between baseline and test conditions for the orthosis in 4° valgus, in 8° valgus, and insole, respectively. Similar decreases were observed for knee lever arm in the frontal plane. Knee adduction angular impulse decreased 14%, 18%, and 7% from baseline to conditions for the orthosis in 4° valgus, in 8° valgus, and insole, respectively. Knee angle in the frontal plane reached a more valgus position during gait using the valgus knee brace. The valgus moment applied by the orthosis with 8° valgus adjustment was 30% higher than with 4° valgus adjustment. The valgus knee orthosis was more effective than the laterally wedged insole in reducing knee adduction moment in patients with medial knee OA.     

Open-knee Magnuson debridement as conservative treatment for degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee

The medical records of 11 patients (average age, 37 years) who underwent 12 open-knee Magnuson debridements for degenerative arthritis at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between July 1982 and December 1991 were reviewed. The postoperative results were evaluated subjectively, using a modification of the National Survey of Total Knee Replacement questionnaire. These patients were followed with clinical and radiologic examinations for a mean of 73 months (range, 17–130 months). The major indications for surgery were pain (91%) and inability to participate in recreational activities (55%). Although many of the changes were not statistically significant, the patients as a group experienced clinically important reductions in pain and improvements in function. More importantly, all patients were able to participate in recreational activities after surgery. None of the 11 patients have subsequently required a total knee arthroplasty. The Magnuson open-knee debridement, in limited situations, should be considered as a temporary alternative to knee arthroplasty in the young or middle-aged, active individual who is not ready to accept the limitations of a total knee arthroplasty.     

胫骨高位截骨术与单髁置换术治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效

目的 探讨胫骨高位截骨术(HTO)与单髁置换术(UKA)治疗膝内侧间室骨关节炎的疗效.方法 将60例膝内侧间室骨关节炎患者按治疗方法的不同分为HTO组和UKA组,每组30例.比较术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、并发症发生情况.记录两组术前及末次随访时疼痛VAS评分、Tegner膝关节运动评分、HSS评分.结果 患者均...     

腓骨近端截骨术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎

目的探讨腓骨近端截骨术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法采用腓骨近端截骨术治疗10例膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎患者,采用VAS评分、HSS评分、KSS评分评价治疗效果。结果患者均获得随访,时间3~12个月。手术时间30~55(35±9)min,术中出血量17~30(22.6±3.5)ml,住院时间5~12(7.6±0.8)d。VAS评分术前3~9(7.1±2.4)分,术后0~4(1.6±1.4)分;HSS评分术前39~81(51.1±20.4)分,术后53~92(76.2±18.6)分;KSS临床评分术前22~71(46.3±23.7)分,术后51~96(74.8±21.9)分;KSS功能评分术前0~65(47.2±30.1)分,术后40~90(71.9±25.6)分。患者症状与功能均显著改善。结论腓骨近端截骨术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨关节炎操作简单,早期效果明显,创伤小,可操作性强。     

Replication of chronic abnormal cartilage loading by medial meniscus destabilization for modeling osteoarthritis in the rabbit knee in vivo

Medial meniscus destabilization (MMD) is a surgical insult technique for modeling osteoarthritis (OA) by replicating chronic abnormal cartilage loading in animal joints in vivo. The present study aimed to characterize the immediate biomechanical effects (ex vivo) and short‐term histological consequences (in vivo) of MMD in the rabbit knee. In a compressive loading test, contact stress distribution in the medial compartment was measured in eight cadaver rabbit knees, initially with all major joint structures uninjured (Baseline), after MMD, and finally after total medial meniscectomy (TMM). Similarly, the effects on sagittal joint stability were determined in an anterior–posterior drawer test. These biomechanical (ex vivo) data indicated that both MMD and TMM caused significant (p < 0.001), distinct (>1.5‐fold) elevation of peak local contact stress in the medial compartment, while leaving whole‐joint stability nearly unchanged. Histological consequences in vivo were assessed in a short‐term (8‐week) survival series of MMD or TMM (five animals for each group), and both caused moderate cartilage degeneration in the medial compartment. The MMD insult, which is feasible through posterior arthrotomy alone, is as effective as TMM for modeling injurious‐level chronic abnormal cartilage loading in the rabbit knee medial compartment in vivo, while minimizing potential confounding effects from whole‐joint instability. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1555–1560, 2013.     

旋转平台型膝关节假体置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎的疗效观察

[目的]观察采用旋转平台型膝关节假体置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)的疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2007年3月～2009年8月收治的37例(48膝)严重膝关节OA患者,采用旋转平台型膝关节假体(美国强生公司))进行全膝关节置换(total knee arthroplasty,TKA),比较术前术后患者患侧膝关节HSS评分及膝关节活动度,观察术后并发症。[结果]37例患者中32例(42膝)患者获得满意随访,随访时间为10～48个月,平均随访22.6个月,本组病例手术切口均一期愈合,未发生关节脱位。1例术后1个月发生皮下浅表感染,给予分层穿刺,敏感抗生素治疗;1例术后3 d静脉血栓形成,给予低分子肝素抗凝治疗,均治愈。术前患者HSS评分为37～46分(平均43.27分),术后为73～96分(平均87.22分);术后膝关节活动度为112°～128°(平均117.52°),明显高于术前的40°～90°(平均63.25°),差异具有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。[结论]旋转平台型假体置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎疗效满意,是治疗严重膝关节骨关节炎的有效方法。     

微创单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的初步临床报告

[目的]探讨微创单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的初步疗效与手术技术.[方法]回顾性分析2005年5月～2008年12月采用微创单髁置换术治疗45例(48膝)膝关节内侧问室骨性关节炎患者的资料,对患者术前、术后膝关节疼痛及关节活动度进行评估(HSS评分法),测量术后膝关节力线并与术前测量结果比较,分析手术适应证的选择及手术技术.[结果]40例(43膝)术后平均随访24个月(12～40个月),关节内侧间室疼痛症状明显减轻或消失,膝关节活动度达到平均120°(0°～135°),术后力线为平均内翻2°(0°～内翻6°),HSS评分由术前70分(60～82分)增至90分(75～95分),优良率达92%.[结论]微创单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎具有很好的疗效,其关键在于手术适应证的选择和手术技术.     

不均匀沉降术与全膝关节置换术治疗内侧间室膝关节骨性关节炎的对比分析

目的评价不均匀沉降术与全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗内侧间室膝关节骨性关节炎(KOA)的临床效果。方法 34例KOA患者,左膝14例,右膝20例,均为内侧间室受累为主的KOA患者。根据手术方法的不同将34例患者分为不均匀沉降术组(16例,观察组)和TKA组(18例,对照组),对两组患者术后膝关节疼痛缓解程度、HSS膝关节评分以及住院时间和治疗费用进行比较。结果 34例患者术后均获随访,随访时间12~36个月,平均(15.00±6.17)个月。观察组患者术后VAS评分、术后优良率、HSS评分虽劣于对照组,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗费用、住院时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论应用不均匀沉降术治疗内侧间室KOA,有创伤小、操作简单、住院时间短、费用低廉、疗效确切。     

移动平台单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎

目的评估移动平台单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2011-10—2013—01使用Oxford Phase Ⅲ移动平台单髁系统治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎47例（50膝）．观察术后下肢力线、膝关节活动度和并发症,采用Oxford及AKS评分对手术前后膝关节功能进行评估。结果47例均获得随访,平均随访13（6～21）个月。未发生假体周围感染、假体周围骨折、下肢深静脉血栓、医源性神经血管损伤。2例出现内衬脱位,行翻修术,无感染。术后测量下肢力线平均内翻1．2°。Oxford评分：术前平均（24．6±1．9）分,术后平均（41．3±3．5）分。AKS疼痛评分：术前平均（50．5±3．9）分,术后平均（86．9±4．9）分。AKS功能评分：术前平均（47．0±6．6）分,术后平均（86．4±9．4）分。术后Oxford、AKS评分较术前明显提高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后无伸直受限,最大屈曲度平均（121．0±6．7）°。结论移动平台单髁置换术治疗膝关节内侧间室骨性关节炎短期效果良好,但中远期疗效需进一步随访。     

膝关节骨性关节炎关节镜下治疗体会

目的探讨关节镜下治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的方法和治疗效果。方法应用膝关节镜对28例患者进行有限清理,术后个体化锻炼。结果患者均获随访,时间6～9个月,无感染及神经血管损伤并发症发生。参照林志雄评分标准评价疗效方法:优10例,良12例,可4例,差2例,优良率达78%。结论关节镜有利膝关节骨性关节炎的早期诊治,但需严格把握适应证,有限化清理,术后需指导下功能锻炼,是取得良好疗效的关键。     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗晚期骨性关节炎

目的总结全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎的经验,探讨其治疗效果。方法对215例（226膝）骨性关节炎患者行全膝关节表面置换术,应用KSS膝关节评分系统进行疗效分析。结果178例获得随访,时间15d～11年5个月,平均（29±8．2）个月,膝关节评分平均（87±3．9）分,优良率91．5％;膝关节功能评分平均（76±9．9）分,优良率66．6％。结论全膝关节表面置换术对于严重膝骨性关节炎的疼痛缓解、功能改善方面有良好疗效。     

微创单髁置换术治疗膝内侧间室骨性关节炎的早期并发症

[目的]回顾性分析微创单髁置换术后的早期并发症。[方法]从2005年5月～2010年1月,共有52例患者(56膝)在本院接受微创单髁置换术,其中男19例(21膝),女33例(35膝),平均年龄65.2岁(46～78岁),单侧48例,双侧4例,体重平均68.3 kg(55～80 kg),身高平均162.2 cm(148～178 cm),BMI平均26.4(19.6～34.6)。所用假体均为骨水泥型Oxford phase 3代。[结果]52例患者获得完整随访,随访平均18.3个月(12～31个月)。1例术后X线摄片发现内侧胫骨平台轻度劈裂,但骨折无明显移位,1例发生可移动半月板衬垫后方脱位。无1例发生浅表或深部感染、脂肪栓塞或下肢深静脉血栓、假体松动等并发症。末次随访HSS评分和膝关节活动度明显增加,下肢力线内翻畸形明显减少。[结论]微创单髁置换术治疗早期单间室骨性关节炎疗效确切,功能恢复满意,但是手术技巧的熟练掌握和规范的术后康复训练指导非常必要。     

Medial knee joint loading increases in those who respond to hyaluronan injection for medial knee osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a cause of decline in function and the medial compartment is often affected. Intraarticular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) is indicated as a symptom modifying treatment with at least 6 months passing between consecutive injection series. The effects of HA injection on gait variables have not been extensively examined. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effects of HA injection on gait in people with medial knee OA. Twenty‐seven subjects were included; each was tested prior to treatment (baseline), no later than 3 weeks following the last injection (post‐HA), and again 5 months after treatment ended (follow‐up). Responder criteria were defined to identify responders and non‐responders. Subjects underwent 3D gait analysis, muscle activity was sampled, and co‐contraction indices were calculated. Responders experienced increased peak knee adduction moments post‐HA, whereas non‐responders did not. Improved self‐report scores were associated with increased knee adduction moments and increased medial co‐contraction. Pain relief may result in higher loading onto the already vulnerable medial compartment due to changes in lower limb mechanics and muscle activation patterns. Eventually this may result in a more rapid progression of joint deterioration. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1420–1425, 2009     

Effects of the amount of valgus correction for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis on clinical outcome, knee kinetics and muscle co-contraction after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy.

The goal of opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is to reduce excessive loading on the medial compartment of the knee by correcting varus deformity, thereby reducing pain and improving function. Although surgical outcome is reportedly poor in cases of under- or overcorrection, the recommended alignment varies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the degree of frontal plane knee alignment following open wedge HTO surgery on muscle co-contraction, joint moments, and self-reported functional outcome. Sixteen patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA), who were scheduled for an opening wedge osteotomy, were recruited for participation in the study. Data were collected using an optoeletric motion analysis system and varus and valgus angulations of the knee were measured, using standing, long cassette, radiographs of the lower extremities. Results showed that physical function improved significantly overall (p < 0.001). However, those subjects whose knee alignment was further away from the group's postoperative mean tended to improve less in their Knee Outcome Survey-Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS-ADLS) scores than those closer to the mean (p = 0.07). They also had higher medial and lateral co-contractions and higher adduction moments one year after surgery (p 相似文献   

人工单髁置换治疗膝单间室严重骨关节炎

目的 观察人工单髁置换(UKA)治疗膝关节单间室严重骨关节炎的疗效.方法 对52例(60膝)骨性关节炎患者行UKA.术前关节镜检查,采用微创小切口技术和Sled、M-G假体.结果 8例(8膝)因关节镜下髌骨关节面软骨损伤严重,改行关节镜清理或全膝置换术.44例(52膝)获随访1～6年.Bristol评分较术前均有升高,术前为21.93分,术后1个月达36.98分,6个月达48.12分.40例(46膝)患者术后1年胫骨假体周围出现约2 mm透光带,此后未再进一步发展,患膝无症状.结论 人工单髁置换治疗膝单间室严重骨关节炎是一种行之有效的方法,较全膝置换费用降低,创伤小,恢复快,功能好.