中文版儿童生命质量哮喘特异性量表的信度和效度评价

目的：评价简体中文版儿童生命质量（PedsQLTM）哮喘特异性量表家长报告的信度和效度。方法：采用 PedsQLTM 哮喘特异性量表家长报告量表及自设一般情况问卷,对重庆医科大学附属儿童医院哮喘中心就诊的 233 例哮喘患儿及其家长进行问卷调查。用克朗巴赫α系数考核其信度,分别用探索性因子分析、相关分析考核其效度。结果：中文版 PedsQLTM 哮喘特异性量表家长报告全量表、症状相关问题、治疗相关问题、担心相关问题、沟通相关问题的α系数分别为0.86、0.80、0.78、0.89和0.93,表明量表有较好的内部一致性。通过因子分析共提取7个公因子,与量表基本结构一致,主成分累积贡献率接近 66%。4个维度得分与所含条目得分间均有较强的相关关系(r=0.41~0.92, P＜0.01)。结论：中文版PedsQLTM 哮喘特异性量表家长报告有良好的信度和效度,与原语言版本一致,可适用于中国哮喘患儿健康相关生命质量评价。［中国当代儿科杂志,2010,12(12)：943-946］     

The reliability of the Health Related Quality Of Life questionnaire PedsQL 3.0 Diabetes Module™ for Swedish children with type 1 diabetes

Aim: The overall aim of the study was to assess reliability and accomplish a limited validation of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Diabetes Module Scales (PedsQL 3.0), Swedish version in a sample of Swedish children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM). A secondary aim was to assess whether the children’s Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) was associated with children’s gender and age and whether the child self‐ and parent proxy reports were consistent. Methods: One hundred and thirty families from four diabetes centres participated in this study. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL 4.0) and the PedsQL 3.0 were administered to 108 children (aged 5–18 years) with T1DM and 130 parents (of children with T1DM aged 2–18 years). Results: The internal consistency of the PedsQL 3.0, Swedish version, reached or exceeded Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.70 for both child self‐ and proxy reports‐ and parent proxy‐reports. The PedsQL 4.0 and PedsQL 3.0 were highly correlated (r = 0.76), indicating convergent validity. The parents reported lower diabetes‐specific HRQOL than the children themselves (p < 0.01). The girls in the study reported lower psychological functioning and treatment adherence compared with the boys (p < 0.05). The oldest children (between 13 and 18 years of age) reported significantly lower diabetes‐specific HRQOL, as compared with younger children (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PedsQL 3.0 Diabetes Module can be used as a valuable tool for measuring diabetes‐specific HRQOL in child populations, both in research and in clinical practice.     

A Brief Version of the Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth Questionnaire - the QoLISSY-Brief

The Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth (QoLISSY) questionnaire measures health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in short statured children (8–18 years) from patient and parent perspectives. To minimize respondent burden when assessing HrQoL in clinical practice, a brief version of the currently available 22-item QoLISSY is needed. The dataset of the European QoLISSY study (N?=?268) was divided into two subdatasets at random, one to identify the items of the brief questionnaire and the other to test the operating characteristics (reliability and validity). Concept-based construction involved the selection of three items per Quality of Life (QoL)-dimension (physical, social, emotional) according to the highest corrected item-scale correlation. Psychometric properties were inspected in terms of reliability and validity supplemented by testing item fit statistics to examine item response theory (IRT) compliance. Cronbach’s alpha for the 9-item version was 0.89 for the patient- and the parent report. Pearson’s correlations with the generic KIDSCREEN questionnaire were low to moderate (children: r?=?0.17–0.58; parents: r?=?0.12–0.56). Shorter children reported significantly poorer QoL (mean difference 15.39 points; p?<?0.001) than taller children, indicating known-groups validity. Results from IRT analysis showed an acceptable fit to Masters’ Partial Credit Model. The 9-item QoLISSY brief version has satisfactory operating characteristics and is an efficient alternative for use in research and practice.     

Pediatric Functional Constipation Questionnaire-Parent Report (PedFCQuest-PR): development and validation

ObjectiveDeveloping and validating a disease-specific instrument in the Brazilian Portuguese language to assess the Health-Related Quality of Life of children with functional constipation, applied to parents/caregivers.MethodsThe process of developing the questionnaire was carried out in the following steps: items generation concerning functional constipation; elaboration of the preliminary questionnaire; assessment by health professionals; identifying problems or inconsistencies by the researchers; improvement of the questions; obtaining a final questionnaire named Pediatric Functional Constipation Questionnaire-Parent Form (PedFCQuest-PR) with 26 questions divided into four domains. Responses options use a Likert scale based on the events of the last four weeks. The process of validation was an observational, cross-sectional study in a sample of 87 parents/caregivers of children from 5 to 15 years of age diagnosed with Functional constipation according to the Rome IV Criteria. The questionnaire was applied simultaneously to the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL TM 4.0) as a control.ResultsThe questionnaire validation included 87 parents/caregivers. The children's median age was 8.2 years, with a long time of constipation symptoms associated with fecal incontinence in approximately two-thirds. Internal consistency reliability for the Total Scale Score of PedFCQuest-PR by Coefficient Alpha of Cronbach score was 0.86. Convergent and divergent validity of PedFCQuest-PR was demonstrated by correlating the domains of both questionnaires.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that PedFCQuest-PR is a reliable instrument. The results showed a high degree of internal consistency and validity of the instrument for future applications.     

Adaptation and Validation of the Children’s Anger Response Checklist for Grades 4–6 Lebanese Students

This study adapted and validated the Children’s Anger Response Checklist (CARC) to the Lebanese context. Adapted version was reviewed by experts, piloted, revised, and then administered to a sample of four hundred four (n?=?404) students from seven schools. Scale reliability was assessed in terms of the test- retest reliability and internal consistency of the test. Construct validity was assessed in terms of the test’s subscale concurrent/convergent validity with the related Multi-Dimensional School Anger Inventory (M-SAI) subscales; subscale divergent validity and the M-SAI subscales that measure different structures of anger. Finally the factorial structure of the adapted CARC was explored by using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Results revealed good reliability coefficients, and significant but low to moderate convergent and divergent validities with the M-SAI. Factor analysis revealed that A-CARC subscales loaded to 3 factors that reflected the maladaptive-aggressive, maladaptive-passive, and adaptive-assertive manifestations of anger. Implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed, and recommendations for future studies are presented.     

The performance of the PedsQL generic core scales in children with sickle cell disease

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory generic core scales (PedsQL questionnaire) in children with sickle cell disease. This was a cross-sectional study of children from an urban hospital-based sickle cell disease clinic and an urban primary care clinic. The study participants were children of ages 2 to 18 years who presented to clinic for a routine visit. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) was the main outcome. HRQL of children with sickle cell disease were compared with children without disease to test validity. Missing items were used to determine feasibility and Cronbach's alpha was used to determine reliability. Parents of 178 children (104 with sickle cell disease and 74 without disease) and 118 children (78 with sickle cell disease and 40 without disease) completed HRQL questionnaires. The PedsQL questionnaire was feasible and reliable. The parent proxy and child self-report questionnaire differentiated between children with and without sickle cell disease. The parent proxy-report differentiated well between children with mild and severe sickle cell disease. The questionnaire performed well in children with sickle cell disease and is a feasible, reliable, and valid tool to measure HRQL in children with sickle cell disease.     

Health related quality of life of Dutch children: psychometric properties of the PedsQL in the Netherlands

Background  

Knowledge about psychometric properties of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) in the Netherlands is limited and Dutch reference data are lacking. Aim of the current study is to collect Dutch reference data of the PedsQL and subsequently assess reliability, socio-demographic within-group differences and construct validity.     

The Parent Supervision Attributes Profile Questionnaire: a measure of supervision relevant to children''s risk of unintentional injury

OBJECTIVE: To further establish the psychometric properties of the Parent Supervision Attributes Profile Questionnaire (PSAPQ), a questionnaire measure of parent supervision that is relevant to understanding risk of unintentional injury among children 2 through 5 years of age. METHODS: To assess test-retest reliability, parents completed the PSAPQ twice, with a one month interval. Internal consistency estimates for the PSAPQ were also computed. Confirmatory factor analyses were applied to the data to assess the four factor structure of the instrument by assessing the convergent and divergent validity of the subscales and their respective items. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability and internal consistency scores were good, exceeding 0.70 for all subscales. Factor analyses confirmed the hypothesized model--namely that the 29 item questionnaire comprised four unique factors: protectiveness, supervision beliefs, risk tolerance, and fate influences on child safety. CONCLUSIONS: Previous tests comparing the PSAPQ with indices of actual supervision and children's injury history scores revealed good criterion validity. The present assessment of the PSAPQ revealed good reliability (test-retest reliability, internal consistency) and established the convergent and divergent validity of the four factors. Thus, the PSAPQ has proven to have strong psychometric properties, making it a unique and useful measure for researchers interested in studying links between supervision and young children's risks of unintentional injury.     

Development of a culturally appropriate health-related quality of life measure for human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Thailand

Aim: Develop a reliable and valid self-report health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children in Thailand. Methods: The Thai Quality of Life for HIV-infected Children instrument, the ThQLHC (an HRQOL measure that uses the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory as a generic core and a 17-item HIV-targeted scale), was developed and administered cross-sectionally to 292 HIV-infected children in Thailand. The disease-targeted scale included HIV-related symptoms, ability to adhere with their treatment regimens and self-image. The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α) and construct validity of the ThQLHC scales were then evaluated. Results: Internal consistency reliability coefficients ranged from 0.57 to 0.82, with four of five scales reaching the minimal acceptable level (>0.70). Significant associations were found between poor HRQOL and poor self-rated disease severity, care giver's rated overall quality of life, cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 percent and plasma HIV ribonucleic acid level. Conclusion: Reliable and valid disease-targeted HRQOL measures for HIV-infected children are essential in the assessment of therapeutic effectiveness. The findings of this cross-sectional survey provide support for the reliability and validity of the ThQLHC as an HRQOL outcome measure for HIV-infected Thai children.     

Psychometric properties of the Swedish PedsQL, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 generic core scales

Aim:  To study the psychometric performance of the Swedish version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 generic core scales in a general child population in Sweden.
Methods:  PedsQL forms were distributed to 2403 schoolchildren and 888 parents in two different school settings. Reliability and validity was studied for self-reports and proxy reports, full forms and short forms. Confirmatory factor analysis tested the factor structure and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis tested measurement invariance between boys and girls.
Results:  Test-retest reliability was demonstrated for all scales and internal consistency reliability was shown with α value exceeding 0.70 for all scales but one (self-report short form: social functioning). Child-parent agreement was low to moderate. The four-factor structure of the PedsQL and factorial invariance across sex subgroups were confirmed for the self-report forms and for the proxy short form, while model fit indices suggested improvement of several proxy full-form scales.
Conclusion:  The Swedish PedsQL 4.0 generic core scales are a reliable and valid tool for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment in Swedish child populations. The proxy full form, however, should be used with caution. The study also support continued use of the PedsQL as a four-factor model, capable of revealing meaningful HRQoL differences between boys and girls.     

(Re)examining the Relationship Between Children’s Subjective Wellbeing and Their Perceptions of Participation Rights

In recent years wellbeing has been linked increasingly with children’s rights, often characterised as central to their realisation. Indeed it has been suggested that the two concepts are so intertwined that their pairing has become something of a mantra in the literature on childhood. This paper seeks to explore the nature of the relationship between wellbeing and participation rights, using a recently developed ‘rights-based’ measure of children’s participation in school and community, the Children’s Participation Rights Questionnaire (CPRQ), and an established measure of subjective wellbeing – KIDSCREEN-10. The data for the study came from the Kids’ Life and Times (KLT) which is an annual online survey of Primary 7 children carried out in Northern Ireland. In 2013 approximately 3800 children (51 % girls; 49 % boys) from 212 schools participated in KLT. The findings showed a statistically significant positive correlation between children’s overall scores on the KIDSCREEN-10 subjective wellbeing measure and their perceptions that their participation rights are respected in school and community settings. Further, the results indicated that it is the social relations/autonomy questions on KIDSCREEN-10 which are most strongly related to children’s perceptions that their participation rights are respected. Exploration of the findings by gender showed that there were no significant differences in overall wellbeing; however girls had higher scores than boys on the social relations/autonomy domain of KIDSCREEN-10. Girls were also more positive than boys about their participation in school and community. In light of the findings from this study, it is suggested that what lies at the heart of the relationship between child wellbeing and children’s participation rights is the social/relational aspects of both participation and wellbeing.     

Health-related quality of life of Estonian adolescents: reliability and validity of the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales in Estonia

Aim: The main aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory? 4.0 (PedsQL^? 4.0) Generic Core Scales among Estonian adolescents. Gender differences in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) were also investigated. Methods: The 654 adolescents (309 boys and 345 girls) aged 13–14 years (M age = 13.57 years, SD = 0.62) completed Estonian version of the PedsQL^? 4.0. Results: Results of the confirmatory factor analysis for a five‐factor model of the Estonian version of PedsQL^? 4.0 approached the criteria of acceptable fit after setting error covariance to be free between some of the items within physical health, emotional functioning and social functioning subscales. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients exceeded the minimum criterion of 0.70 for all subscales except for days missed from school because of illness subscale. With regard to gender differences, consistent with previous studies, girls reported lower level on total score of HRQoL as well as its aspects of physical health, emotional functioning and psychosocial health. Conclusion: The present study revealed that after some modifications, the PedsQL^? 4.0 could be considered as suitable instrument to measure HRQoL among Estonian adolescents.     

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Malay Version of the Short Sensory Profile

Aims: To translate, culturally adapt, and examine psychometric properties of the Malay version Short Sensory Profile (SSP-M). Methods: Pretesting (n = 30) of the original English SSP established its applicability for use with Malaysian children aged 3–10 years. This was followed by the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SSP-M. Two forward and two back translations were compared and reviewed by a committee of 10 experts who validated the content of the SSP-M, before pilot testing (n = 30). The final SSP-M questionnaire was completed by 419 parents of typically developing children aged 3–10 years. Results: Cronbach's alpha of each section of the SSP-M ranged from 0.73 to 0.93 and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) indicated good reliability (0.62–0.93). The seven factor model of the SSP-M had an adequate fit with evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Conclusions: We conclude that the SSP-M is a valid and reliable screening tool for use in Malaysia with Malay-speaking parents of children aged 3–10 years. The SSP-M enables Malay-speaking parents to answer the questionnaire with better reliability, and provides occupational therapists with a valid tool to screen for sensory processing difficulties.     

儿童特应性皮炎治疗前后生活质量的评估

目的评估儿童特应性皮炎(AD)患儿及其家庭生活质量,并探讨治疗后其生活质量的改善情况。方法应用婴儿皮炎生活质量指数(IDQOL)、儿童皮炎生活质量指数(CDLQI)和皮炎家庭生活影响指数(DFI)问卷,对109例AD患儿和55例正常对照儿童进行生活质量评估,并应用AD的严重程度评分(SCORAD)对疾病严重程度评估。间断外用糖皮质激素治疗3个月后观察疗效和生活质量改善情况。结果 IDQOL和CDLQI问卷显示影响患儿较大的3个问题均是"瘙痒或搔抓""情绪"和"睡眠";DFI问卷显示影响患儿看护人较大的3个问题是"睡眠""疲劳度"和"情绪"。SCORAD评分与IDQOL、CDLQI评分呈正相关(分别r=0.358、0.386;P0.05);在1~4岁患儿组SCORAD评分与DFI评分呈正相关(r=0.297,P0.05)。治疗后患儿SCORAD评分明显下降(P0.01),IDQOL/CDLQI及DFI评分均明显改善(P0.05)。结论 AD对患儿及其家庭的生活质量有明显影响;外用糖皮质激素可控制疾病并改善患儿其家庭的生活质量。     

Validity of faculty and resident global assessment of medical students' clinical knowledge during their pediatrics clerkship

ObjectiveMedical knowledge is one of six core competencies in medicine. Medical student assessments should be valid and reliable. We assessed the relationship between faculty and resident global assessment of pediatric medical student knowledge and performance on a standardized test in medical knowledge.MethodsRetrospective cross-sectional study of medical students on a pediatric clerkship in academic year 2008–2009 at one academic health center. Faculty and residents rated students’ clinical knowledge on a 5-point Likert scale. The inter-rater reliability of clinical knowledge ratings was assessed by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for residents’ ratings, faculty ratings, and both rating types combined. Convergent validity between clinical knowledge ratings and scores on the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) clinical subject examination in pediatrics was assessed with Pearson product moment correlation correction and the coefficient of the determination.ResultsThere was moderate agreement for global clinical knowledge ratings by faculty and moderate agreement for ratings by residents. The agreement was also moderate when faculty and resident ratings were combined. Global ratings of clinical knowledge had high convergent validity with pediatric examination scores when students were rated by both residents and faculty.ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence for convergent validity of global assessment of medical students’ clinical knowledge with NBME subject examination scores in pediatrics.     

Adaptation of the Youth Connectedness to Provider scale to assess the relationship between health professionals and adolescent and young adult patients

ObjectiveThe aim was to adapt an instrument that evaluates the relationship between young individuals and health professionals to the Brazilian population, which will be called the Escala de Avaliação de Vínculo entre Jovens e Profissionais de Saúde (Youth Connectedness to Provider scale).MethodThe questionnaire known as the Youth Connectedness to Provider scale consists of seven Likert-like questions. The translation, back-translation, evaluation by ten specialists, and pre-test with 43 adolescents and young adults aged between 10 and 24 years were performed to assess the clarity and reliability of meanings. The content validity index was calculated for each question. Subsequently, the clinical validation was performed with 83 patients aged 10–24 years old and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated.ResultsA content validity index >0.8 (considered satisfactory) was obtained for all items analyzed by experts and adolescents. At the clinical validation, it showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.76). The questions showed a good correlation, except for the question about judgment (Spearman’s rho = 0.03–0.19).ConclusionsThe scale adaptation showed an adequate agreement rate at the translation evaluation and a good reliability index in the questions. This instrument provides information on strengths and topics that require more attention from professionals to improve the relationship with their patients; it can be a valuable parameter in assessing the medical consultation quality.     

Validity and reliability of physical activity questionnaire for Japanese students

Background: Self‐administered questionnaires about physical activity are useful for collecting data to develop public health policies. There is currently no validated physical activity questionnaire, however, for Japanese children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of self‐administered, physical activity questionnaires for Japanese students. Methods: Fifth‐ and eighth‐grade students were asked to complete two questionnaires that estimated the intensity and time of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activities in which they participated, and the frequency and duration spent performing sports activities. Students also wore triaxial accelerometers to compare their actual activity levels to their estimates, to investigate the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. Results: The intensity and time spent performing moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity that were estimated from the questionnaire were higher than those measured by accelerometry (9–161% of accelerometry). Questionnaire data were highly correlated with accelerometer data for eighth graders (Spearman correlation, 0.642–0.754), but the correlations were lower for fifth graders (≤0.331). Furthermore, there was higher repeatability in the data collected from eighth graders (intraclass correlation, 0.625–0.645) than from fifth graders (0.136–0.194). Conclusions: Questionnaires may be useful in epidemiological studies for ranking physical activity levels of adolescents, such as a confounding factor for other lifestyle surveys, but these surveys are less accurate for younger children.     

Psychometric properties of the Ukrainian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ)

Background: The objective of this study was to develop and validate the Ukrainian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) in sick by juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) children. Methods: The Ukrainian version of the CHAQ was fully cross-culturally adapted from the original American-English version with 3 forward and 3 backward translations. The CHAQ has been validated in a cross-sectional study in 55 patients with and 30 healthy children. Results: The results were characterized by a high level of internal consistency and good reliability (the Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.86 for 8/8 domains). The constructive validity was considered by the correlation of the CHAQ scales with each other. For the discriminant validity correlation of the domains and the disability index with the evaluation of pain was significant. The convergent validity was confirmed by correlation of the CHAQ and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) physical summary score. The divergent validity was confirmed because there was no correlation between the CHAQ items and the CHQ psychosocial summary score. The discovered correlations between disability index and morning stiffness, number of active joints, number of joints with limited range of motion, number of joints with pain, number of swollen joints, Ritchie articular index, DAS, DAS28, SDAI, and CDAI have confirmed the external validity of the CHAQ. Sensitivity of the CHAQ to minimal changes of joints functions in patients with JIA also has been proven. Conclusions: The Ukrainian version of the CHAQ is a reliable, valid, and sensitive tool for the functional assessment of children with JIA.     

Validity and Reliability of the Attachment Insecurity Screening Inventory (AISI) 2–5 Years

The Attachment Insecurity Screening Inventory (AISI) 2–5 years is a parent-report questionnaire for assessing attachment insecurity in preschoolers. Validity and reliability of the AISI 2–5 years were examined in a general sample (n?=?429) and in a clinical sample (n?=?71). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a three-factor model of avoidant, ambivalent/resistant and disorganized attachment, and one higher-order factor of total attachment insecurity. Multi-group CFA indicated measurement invariance across mothers and fathers, and across the general and clinical population sample. Reliability coefficients were generally found to be good. We found partial support for convergent validity in associations between AISI-scores and observed attachment (AQS). Concurrent validity was supported by associations between AISI-scores and observed parental sensitivity (MBQS) and parent-reported psychopathology (SDQ). Finally, the AISI discriminated well between children from the general and from the clinical sample. We argue that both research and practice could benefit from the AISI as there is now a prospect of quickly, reliably and validly screening for attachment insecurity in pre-school aged children. Based on this information, help can be offered timely and, subsequently, the prevention of attachment related problems of children can be strengthened.     

Development of Preschool Children Sibling Rivalry Scale (PSRS)

The purpose of the current study was to develop a valid and reliable scale to assess the sibling rivalry behavior of 3–6-year-old preschool children with one or more younger siblings, based on their parents’ reports. The pilot study was conducted with 544 parents. Through exploratory factor analysis, six factors were obtained: warmth/closeness, parental partiality, competition, regression and restlessness, antagonism, and negative behavioral changes. The validation study was conducted with 203 parents, using the final version of the scale consisting of 39 items. Confirmatory factor analysis results verified the six-factor solution. The Cronbach’s alpha values for the six factors ranged from .63 to .82. The findings showed the reliability and validity of the Preschool Children Sibling Rivalry Scale.