云南省某医学院校学生健康素养调查与分析

目的 了解云南省某医学院校大学生健康素养,分析其影响因素并对今后开展干预措施提供依据和有针对性的策略。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取云南省某医学院校本科学生作为调查对象,共调查2 182人,使用2020版中国公民健康素养调查问卷进行调查。结果 该校大学生总体具备健康素养比例为84.7%,其中具备基本知识理念、健康生活方式与行为和健康技能的比例为68.1%、77.2%和75.9%。在分项比较中,男性大学生与女性大学生具备健康素养水平比例分别为76.5%和89.2%,差异有统计学差异（P <0.01）;一年级至五年级的基本知识素养分别为60.3%、66.0%、74.9%、74.3%、76.7%,差异有显著统计学差异（P <0.01）。Logistic回归分析显示性别和家庭受教育程度是影响医学生健康素养的主要因素。结论 女性医学生健康素养高于男性医学生;随着在校年级的增高,医学生基本知识素养水平不断提高。家庭受教育程度高的医学院校大学生健康素养更低。     

大学生健康素养与健康行为的相关性研究

目的了解大学生的健康素养和健康行为状况及其相关性,为制定健康教育措施及干预性研究提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取某医学院医学类、理学类、文学类专业4个年级的学生,使用《2015全国居民健康素养监测问卷》和《中国青少年健康相关行为调查问卷》进行调查,共发放问卷1682份,回收有效问卷1582份。结果大学生存在至少1种危害健康行为的比例为99.6%,存在至少1种促进健康行为的比例为77.5%,健康素养合格率为34.1%;具有不同促进健康行为的大学生,健康素养得分差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);健康素养得分与促进健康行为聚集无相关关系(P> 0.05),健康素养得分与危害健康行为聚集有相关关系(P﹤0.05);多因素分析结果显示,影响大学生危害健康行为聚集情况的因素包括性别、年级、自感健康状况、健康素养;女性、健康素养是危害健康行为的保护因素,高年级、自感健康状况差是危险因素。结论大学生普遍存在着危害健康行为,且具备健康素养的合格率较低,健康素养与危害健康行为呈负相关。     

新疆医学生健康素养现况调查及影响因素分析

目的：了解新疆医学生健康素养水平及相关影响因素。方法采取分层整群随机抽样方法对新疆医科大学854名学生进行抽样,采用在《中国公民健康素养调查问卷》基础上设计的问卷进行现场调查,运用非条件 Logistic 回归分析方法分析健康素养的影响因素。结果新疆医学生健康素养百分制平均得分为（55．21±14．58）分,29．7％的大学生具有基本健康素养（≥60分）,行为素养的具备率最低（6．3％）。不同民族、不同年级及不同母亲文化程度的医学生健康素养水平差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。非条件 Logistic 回归分析结果显示医学生健康素养的影响因素有年级（OR ＝3．141）和民族（OR ＝0．248）。结论新疆医学生具备健康素养的总体状况不佳,应采取有针对性的健康教育措施提高医学生的健康素养水平。     

大连市部分中小学生健康素养现状调查

目的:了解中小学生健康素养水平及影响因素。方法:用多阶段分层整群抽样法,抽取8所学校共计405名学生,用统一的调查问卷开展现场调查。结果:中小学生具备健康素养的比例为25.7%,其中具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为和基本技能的比例分别为24.4%,54.6%,88.1%;影响中小学生健康素养的主要因素为自评学习难易和地区来源。结论:中小学生的健康素养有待提高,应有针对性的开展学校健康教育课程。     

石家庄市城乡居民健康素养状况调查

目的了解石家庄市城乡居民健康素养状况及其影响因素,为政府和卫生行政部门制订健康教育与健康促进政策、策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取石家庄市城乡居民1 200人,采用卫生部2012年设计的"全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷"进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果共调查石家庄市城乡居民1 200人,其中有效问卷1 199份,问卷有效率为99.9%。城乡居民具备健康素养的比例为13.8%,其中城市居民为17.3%、农村居民为11.5%。调查对象具备健康基本知识和理念素养、健康生活方式与行为素养、基本技能素养的比例分别是26.3%、8.7%和14.2%;具备6类健康问题素养的比例由高到低分别是:安全与急救素养49.9%、科学健康观素养47.7%、传染病预防素养19.7%、信息获取素养14.1%、慢性病预防素养13.3%、基本医疗素养5.4%。城乡、性别、文化程度及经济收入是影响居民健康素养的主要因素。结论石家庄市居民健康素养具备率较低,城乡居民健康素养水平有很大差别,应有针对性地制定健康教育与健康促进策略,以提高居民健康素养水平。     

武汉市汉南区中小学生健康素养状况及影响因素分析

目的了解武汉市汉南区中小学生健康素养现状及其影响因素,为提高汉南区中小学生健康素养水平提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取武汉市汉南区7所学校1 300名中小学生进行调查,调查内容包括学生及学生母亲的人口统计学信息、基本知识、健康行为、健康技能4个方面,计算被调查学生具备健康素养的比例,使用非条件logistic多因素回归方法分析健康素养水平的影响因素。结果被调查的汉南区中小学生具备健康素养的比例为8.23%,具备3个方面健康素养学生的比例分别为健康技能素养(30.31%)、健康生活行为(23.12%)及基本知识(6.15%);具备5类健康问题健康素养学生的比例分别为安全应急与避险(40.12%)、健康行为与生活方式(38.10%)、生长发育与青春期保健(26.80%)、心理健康(25.23%)、疾病预防(22.36%);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,学校开设健康教育课程情况、母亲受教育文化程度、学习成绩自评情况、年级高低是学生健康素养的影响因素。结论汉南区中小学生健康素养水平较低,学校开设健康教育课程情况、母亲受教育文化程度、学习成绩自评情况、年级高低是其影响因素。需要政府、学校、家长、孩子的积极配合,以便不断提高全区学生的健康素养水平。     

某医学院校大学生健康素养现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解某医学院校在校大学生健康素养水平及其影响因素,为有针对性地开展大学生健康素养干预工作提供参考依据.方法:以某医学院校在校本科生为研究对象,采用分层整群抽样方法,使用2009年《中国公民健康素养调查问卷》进行调查.结果:该医学院校大学生健康素养总体具备率16.5％,其中健康素养知识理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康...     

父母教养方式、领悟社会支持与大学生健康素养的关系

目的:探讨父母教养方式、领悟社会支持和大学生健康素养水平的相关性.方法:采用父母教养方式问卷(中文版简式)、领悟社会支持量表、一般人口学资料、健康素养问卷,对安徽省某市三所高校的1 783名大学生进行不记名调查.结果:大学生健康素养得分为61.11分;健康知识和理念得分为 62.75分;健康生活方式与行为得分为51.98分;健康技能得分为80.80分;多元回归分析结果表明:性别、年级、专业是作用于大学生健康素养的重要因素.大学生健康素养与父母拒绝因子、父母情感温暖因子分别呈显著负相关关系和显著正相关关系(P<0.01),和父母过度保护因子无相关性.大学生健康素养与领悟社会支持各维度呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01).结论:大学生健康素养水平偏低,且其三个维度处于不均衡水平,健康技能水平偏高,而健康生活方式与行为水平偏低.父母情感温暖教养方式和领悟社会支持有利于提高大学生的健康素养水平;父母拒绝教养方式则相反.性别、年级、专业、父母亲拒绝、母亲情感温暖、母亲过度保护,领悟社会支持总分、朋友支持等因素均影响大学生健康素养水平.     

某军校学员健康素养现况调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解某军校学员的健康素养现状及影响因素,为制定军校学员的健康教育和干预措施提供理论依据。方法 采用中国健康教育中心2015年编制的《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》,自行设计人口学资料,采用问卷星对某军校在校1665名学员统一组织调查。结果 1665名军校学员的总健康素养水平为27.81%,基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能三方面素养水平依次为45.83%、 30.45%、 25.53%;六类健康问题素养从高到低依次为：安全与急救68.35%、健康科学观56.34%、健康信息38.38%、基本医疗28.95%、慢性病防治27.75%、传染病防治24.56%。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,影响军校学员总健康素养水平的因素为年级、性别、家庭所在地、吸烟、网络游戏、家庭月收入、父亲职业、母亲职业、健康信息来源。结论 该军校学员的健康素养水平整体较好,为适应军队为战打赢的新时代需求,相关部门应积极探索有效的健康教育方法及模式,进一步促进学员的健康素养水平。     

在校大学生健康素养现况调查

目的: 了解在校大学生健康素养状况,为学校开展健康教育及干预措施提供依据.方法: 采用分层整群抽样原则,在某市抽取两所高校1243名在校大学生进行健康素养问卷调查.结果: 大学生总体具备健康素养比例为15.0%,具备健康知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、健康技能比例分别为28.8%、14.8%和79.0%.女生总体健康素养、健康知识和理念及健康生活方式与行为评分均显著高于男生(P<0.01);医学生健康素养评分高于非医学生(P<0.01);一年级学生健康素养评分低于二年级学生(P<0.05).结论: 大学生健康素养水平偏低,尤其是健康生活方式与行为素养,学校应加强对不良生活方式的正确引导,促进健康行为的形成,提高大学生的身心健康水平.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.