黑色素瘤抗原-A3致敏的树突状细胞对人肝癌细胞的体外杀伤作用

【目的】观察经黑色素瘤抗原-A3(melanoma antigen gene,MAGE-A3)致敏树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)活化的淋巴细胞对人肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)细胞的体外杀伤作用。【方法】采用粒—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor,GM-CSF)和白介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)从人外周血中诱导树突状细胞,经MAGE-A3抗原致敏后与T淋巴细胞共培养,以淋巴细胞为效应细胞,分别以表达MAGE-A3抗原的肝癌细胞株H4M、不表达MAGE-A3抗原的正常肝细胞为靶细胞,收集T淋巴细胞进行肿瘤细胞杀伤试验。【结果】负载MAGE-A3抗原的DCs激活的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)对肝癌细胞有明显的杀伤作用,其对肝癌细胞的杀伤率显著性高于正常肝细胞对照组(P<0.05)。【结论】MAGE-A3蛋白抗原致敏的树突状细胞疫苗可激活特异性的CTL,在体外诱导出较强的对人肝癌细胞株的细胞毒作用。     

肿瘤抗原致敏树突状细胞诱导机体产生抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的：探讨肿瘤抗原冲击致敏的树突状细胞（Dc）诱导机体产生的特异性抗肿瘤作用。方法：体外培养的小鼠骨髓树突状细胞用小鼠结肠腺癌细胞株CT26细胞抗原冲击致敏；混合淋巴细胞反应检测肿瘤抗原致敏DC刺激同基因型T淋巴细胞增殖的能力；观察小鼠经皮下免疫肿瘤抗原致敏DC后诱导产生肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）和抵抗CT26细胞再攻击的能力。结果：肿瘤抗原致敏DC能有效刺激同基因型T淋巴细胞增殖反应；小鼠经肿瘤抗原致敏DC免疫后可诱导强烈的CT[，杀瘤活性，产生免疫保护作用，能有效抵抗CT26细胞再攻击，肿瘤生长明显减缓，与未经抗原致敏DC免疫的小鼠组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：肿瘤抗原致敏的DC能有效诱导机体产生特异性的抗肿瘤作用。     

日本血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原致敏对树突状细胞功能的影响

目的探讨日本血吸虫可溶性虫卵抗原(SEA)致敏对树突状细胞(DC)功能的影响.方法利用SEA致敏DC,流武细胞术(FACS)检测SEA致敏的DC摄取抗原的能力,混合淋巴细胞反应检测SEA致敏的DC对同种异体T淋巴细胞的刺激作用.结果与未致敏的DC相比,SEA致敏后,DC摄取抗原的能力无明显变化,SEA致敏的DC抑制混合淋巴细胞反应.结论体外SEA致敏DC后,不是促进DC的活化,而是抑制DC的生物学活性.     

乳酸杆菌在树突状细胞诱导抗肿瘤免疫杀伤中的作用

目的 探讨乳酸杆菌在树突状细胞(DC)诱导抗肿瘤免疫杀伤中的作用及其意义.方法 采用混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)、ELISA法分别测定经乳酸杆菌作用后的冻融宫颈癌抗原负载DC体外刺激T细胞的增殖情况以及上清液中白细胞介素12(IL-12)与γ干扰素(IFN-γ)的含量;噻唑蓝法(MTT法)测定乳酸杆菌冻融抗原致敏DC激活的细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL)对宫颈癌HeLa细胞的杀伤作用.结果 与单纯冻融抗原、单纯乳酸杆菌致敏DC比较,经乳酸杆菌作用后的冻融宫颈癌抗原负载DC在体外明显增强T细胞的增殖能力(P<0.05)、增加上清液中IL-12与IFN-γ的含量(P<0.05);与单纯冻融抗原、单纯乳酸杆菌致敏DC比较,乳酸杆菌明显增强冻融抗原致敏DC激活的CTL对宫颈癌Helm细胞的杀伤力(P<0.05),结论乳酸杆菌可以增强树突状细胞诱导的对宫颈癌细胞的肿瘤免疫杀伤作用.     

抗原冲击致敏树突状细胞诱导特异性CTL杀伤Lovo细胞实验研究

目的：本研究以健康人外周血单核细胞为前体细胞,体外诱导其为树突状细胞（DC）,负载直肠癌细胞株Lovo细胞冻融抗原,产生特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（cytotoxic Tlymphocytes,CTLs）,探讨其对Lovo细胞的杀伤作用。方法：联合应用rhGM-CSF、rhIL-4、rhTNF-a及rhsCD40L等细胞因子,密度梯度离心法、贴壁法从外周血获取单核细胞并进行诱导扩增,培养出DC,用冻融抗原冲击致敏DC。实验分3组：冻融抗原致敏DC组（Ⅲ组）,未致敏DC组（Ⅱ组）,T细胞组（Ⅱ组）,观察CTL对Lovo细胞的杀伤作用。结果：冻融抗原致敏DC激活CTL的能力显著高于未致敏的DCs组,两组CTLs对Lovo细胞的杀伤率差异有统计学意义（50．9％ vs 24．7%,P〈0．05）。结论：冻融细胞抗原致敏树突状细胞后活化CTLs,有抗肿瘤活性。     

MAGE-3抗原肽致敏DC疫苗抗膀胱癌细胞的体外实验

目的探讨黑色素瘤MAGE-3抗原肽致敏的树突状细胞(DC)疫苗体外抗膀胱癌细胞增殖作用及其分子机制。方法采用Ficoll法从HLA-A2型外周血中分离单核细胞,细胞因子GM-CSF和白细胞介素4(IL-4) 诱导扩增DC细胞后经MAGE-3抗原肽致敏,致敏DC细胞和同型T淋巴细胞共培养法诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)。MTT法检测抗原肽致敏DC对T淋巴细胞增殖的影响,CTL对靶细胞BIU-87的杀伤作用。采用流式细胞术检测肿瘤细胞凋亡和凋亡相关蛋白变化。结果MAGE-3抗原肽致敏的DC对T淋巴细胞增殖率具有明显提高作用,高于无关抗原致敏DC及未致敏DC。经MAGE-3九肽冲击的DC可有效诱导对MAGE-3阳性细胞BIU-87杀伤的CTL活性,而无关抗原肽及未经抗原肽致敏的DC则不具备其杀伤能力。结论MAGE-3九肽致敏DC能显著促进T淋巴细胞增殖并诱导有效杀伤靶细胞的CTL作用。     

抗原致敏树突状细胞诱导CTL杀伤K562细胞体外实验研究

目的 研究体外负载K562细胞冻融抗原的树突状细胞（DC）诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）的特异性杀伤作用。方法 联合应用细胞因子从外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）诱导培养出DC,在体外负载K562细胞冻融抗原。采用乳酸脱氢酶释放法,对比K562冻融抗原致敏DC组、未致敏DC组、淋巴细胞组、前列腺癌PC3冻融抗原致敏DC组分别激活的CTL对K562细胞的杀伤作用。结果 培养出具有典型特征的DC;在效靶比为10：1及20：1时。K562冻融抗原致敏DC组诱导的CTL对K562细胞的杀伤率分别为55．9％土22．0％、90．2％＋24．8％,均高于其他3组（p,0．05）。结论 K562细胞冻融抗原致敏DC可诱导激活CTL,具有明显杀伤K562细胞作用。并具有特异性。     

树突状细胞介导的肝癌免疫治疗实验研究

目的探讨以树突状细胞（DC）为介导的原发性肝癌免疫治疗新方法。方法采用肝癌细胞制备肿瘤细胞性抗原冲击致敏体外培养的DC,体外混合淋巴细胞反应检测抗原致敏DC;刺激同基因T淋巴细胞增殖的能力,观察负载肿瘤抗原的DC;体内外诱导产生肿瘤特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞（CTL）及其抗肿瘤能力。结果经肝癌细胞抗原致敏的DC;能诱导较强的自体T细胞增殖,且诱导特异性CTL,该CTL对自体肝癌细胞具有很强的杀伤活性,杀伤率明显高于DC和未经肝癌细胞抗原致敏的DC;激活的CTL及T淋巴细胞的杀伤率,而对非同种肿瘤细胞无明显的杀伤作用,经BEL7402肿瘤细胞抗原致敏的DC;经皮下免疫小鼠可诱导有效的免疫保护作用,可抵抗野生型BEL7402细胞的再攻击,肿瘤生长受到明显抑制,瘤体出现延迟,生长减慢。结论DC具有强大的刺激T淋巴细胞增殖和诱导产生特异性CTL的能力,在体内外均能激发特异性抗肿瘤免疫应答。     

致敏树突状细胞介导CTL抗骨髓瘤免疫的实验研究

目的比较两种树突状细胞(骨髓瘤致敏DC和未致敏DC)诱导的细胞毒T淋巴细胞抗自身骨髓瘤的细胞免疫：方法用多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者骨髓CD34^ 细胞诱生DC,将MM患者骨髓瘤冻融物冲击致敏DC。MTT法检测骨髓瘤抗原致敏和未致敏DC诱导的自身T细胞对患者骨髓瘤细胞的杀伤率。结果骨髓瘤冻融物致敏DC诱导的自身T细胞对患者骨髓瘤细胞的杀伤率远大于非致敏DC。结论患者骨髓瘤冻融物致敏的DC能有效诱导自身T细胞抗骨髓瘤免疫。     

致敏树突状细胞介导CTL抗骨髓瘤免疫的实验研究

目的比较两种树突状细胞(骨髓瘤致敏DC和未致敏DC)诱导的细胞毒T淋巴细胞抗自身骨髓瘤的细胞免疫.方法用多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者骨髓CD34+细胞诱生DC,将MM患者骨髓瘤冻融物冲击致敏DC.MTT法检测骨髓瘤抗原致敏和未致敏DC诱导的自身T细胞对患者骨髓瘤细胞的杀伤率.结果骨髓瘤冻融物致敏DC诱导的自身T细胞对患者骨髓瘤细胞的杀伤率远大于非致敏DC.结论患者骨髓瘤冻融物致敏的DC能有效诱导自身T细胞抗骨髓瘤免疫.     

免疫金银染色法对日本血吸虫31／32KD分子抗原的定位研究

应用免疫金银染色法（ＩＧＳＳ）和免疫酶染色法（ＩＥＳ）对日本血吸虫３ｌ／３２ＫＤ分子抗原进行了比较定位研究。结果证实了日本血吸虫３１／３２ＫＤ抗原是一种肠相关抗原，并进一步验证了常规制备的单特异抗血清用于抗原分析和来源定位的可行性。     

Expression of the SART3 antigens in oral cancers

It was previously reported that SART3 is a tumor-rejection antigen recognized by HLA-A24-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). This study investigated expression of the SART3 antigen in oral cancer as a candidate of tumor antigens for use in specific immunotherapy. The SART3 antigen was detected in all of the oral cancer cell lines tested, 24 of 31 (77%) oral cancer tissue samples, 0 of 3 oral benign tumors and 0 of 3 normal oral tissues. Oral cancer cell lines had the ability to stimulate IFN-gamma production by the HLA-A24-restricted and SART3-specific CTLs that were established from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of an esophageal cancer patient. Therefore, the SART3 antigen could be an appropriate vaccine candidate for a large number of oral cancer patients.     

McAb—ELISA检测血吸虫循环研究：I.McAb的制备,筛选...

Fusions between spleen cells from BALB/c mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum or mansoni cercariae and SP2/0 myeloma were carried out. More than 30 hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies were obtained. Their target antigens were integument, gut and egg respectively. The preliminary tests showed that the antibody against gut-associated polysaccharide antigen had the highest activity of all antibodies obtained. This antibody can be used in the sandwich ELISA to detect trichloroacetic acid soluble antigen at a level of less than 1 ng/ml, A positive reaction was found in a group of infected rabbits, negative in normal and the circulating antigen level correlated with the number of infecting cercariae. Three months after treatment antigen titers of 6/8 rabbits became negative. This report shows that the McAb sandwich ELISA for the detection of circulating antigen is better than other antibody detecting methods. It is also a potential immunodiagnostic method.     

McAb-ELISA检测血吸虫循环抗原——Ⅰ.McAb的制备、筛选及初步试验

将感染日本血吸虫或曼氏血吸虫尾蚴的BALB/c小鼠脾细胞与骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞融合,制备了30余株分泌单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤,其靶抗原分别为血吸虫成虫表面膜、肠道、体细胞和虫卵。预试验结果表明,抗血吸虫成虫肠道多糖抗原McAb活性最强,将其用于夹心ELISA检测血吸虫成虫三氯醋酸可溶性抗原,敏感度达1ng/ml。用夹心ELISA测定正常兔血清呈阴性反应;测定感染兔血清呈阳性反应,且抗原水平与感染度呈正相关;8只感染兔治疗后3个月,除2份兔血清外,其余血清均转为阴性。提示本方法优于一般抗体测定法,是一种有潜力的免疫诊断方法。     

抗旋毛形线虫单克隆抗体的制备和抗原定位研究

BALB/c mice were infected per os with the infective larvae (L1) of Trichinella spiralis, and challenged by injecting 0.2ml soluble L1 antigen 3 days before cell fusion. SP2/0 myeloma and immune spleen cells were fused at the ratio of 1:5 in the presence 30%PEG (MW 4,000). The fusion rate and antibody positive rate were 92.1% and 16.6% respectively using ELISA. Among these the chromosomes of 4 strains were 2n greater than 100 and that of the SP2/0 myeloma cells 2n less than or equal to 70. The titer of McAb in the ascites was found to be 1/640 or 1/1,280. Eight strains were of IgG1, 1 IgG2a and 3 IgM in an agar system. Three strains of McAbs, which could recognize specifically the L1 antigen fractions by immuno-blotting technique, were used as probes to localize the target antigens in sections of T. spiralis L1. Staining was performed using an indirect technique consisting of goat anti-mouse IgG-conjugated horseradish peroxidase on de-paraffin sections, and substrate DAB. The results revealed that the antigens reacted most strongly with the specific McAbs were located in the cuticle and stichosome, followed by the lining of gut. Among the 3 strains of McAbs used, 2E5F11A5 reacted most strongly with the antigen, followed by 2E5E9E4. 2E5E9G5 was the weakest.     

Reproductive immunology

The maternal immune system is challenged with paternal antigens through exposure to trophoblast tissue and fetal cells crossing the placenta into the maternal circulation. The dose of antigen, the manner of presentation (cellular, subcellular, or soluble), and the nature of the antigen all determine the type of response that will be elicited. It is also clear that complex maternal immunologic responses, including antibodies to red blood cell antigens, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA-D antigens, and cell-mediated responses such as proliferation, lymphokines, cytotoxicity, and suppressor cells, are generated to a variety of paternal antigenic determinants. The fact that some of these reactions are detected in vitro in the absence of maternal serum, but not in its presence, suggests that the local milieu is important in influencing their expression in vivo. For example, such factors as hormones (cortisol, progesterone, and estrogen), pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (alpha 2-macroglobulin and beta 1-glycoprotein) and AFP, which have immunosuppressive properties, may all serve nonspecifically to inhibit and decrease the general tone of maternal immunologic responses, particularly at the placental interface, where many of these factors are present in high concentrations. However, these nonspecific factors may not be sufficient to prevent presensitized effector lymphocytes from continuing an ongoing rejection process, as is often the case in the chronic rejection of an allograft. For this purpose, specific enhancing antibodies would play an important role by blocking maternal responses or protecting the fetus. There may be a subtle balance created on the trophoblast cell surface between specific antibodies and trophoblast or embryonic alloantigens, resulting in limited expression of antigens capable of inducing rejection reactions. This could favor the production of blocking antibodies and/or T-suppressor cells, as opposed to cytotoxic antibody and killer cells. In fact, low levels of antigen density on the cell surface favor a blocking effect by IgG rather than cytotoxicity. Blocking or enhancing antibodies can exert their effect on maternal immunologic responses in several ways. They could block the afferent limb by combining with antigen and preventing sensitization or increasing the level of sensitivity. An example of the latter would be the coating of fetal cells that enter the maternal circulation. Enhancing antibodies could work directly on the effector cells to suppress their function. The antibody itself, or more likely antigen-antibody complexes, may be important in this regard.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

肠道菌群在肾脏疾病及治疗中的研究进展

肾脏疾病会影响肠道菌群的结构和丰度,而肠道菌群的紊乱也会增加尿毒症毒素的产生,加速肾脏疾病的进程。本文阐述了肠道菌群的构成和作用,探讨了肠道菌群与慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）、终末期肾病（end-stage renal disease,ESRD）、腹膜透析、血液透析和肾移植的关系,并列举了通过调节肠道菌群治疗肾脏疾病的各类方法,包括饮食疗法、益生菌、益生元、合生元、碳吸附剂和粪菌移植。     

ABH histo-blood group antigens in human thymus involution

BACKGROUND: Human histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) are genetically determined glycoproteins supposed to participate in cell differentiation, adhesion, cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. In tissues, HBGA are mostly expressed in epithelial cells (EC). The EC comprising the thymocyte microenvironment play an important role in the ontogeny of the thymus. The aim of the present work is to investigate ABH HBGA in senile thymus and to characterize their expression pattern related to the process of aging. METHODS: Routine histology and immunohistochemical techniques were applied on thymus glands from senile and young individuals. RESULTS: Involuted thymus exhibited large areas of adipose tissue containing scattered EC, all positive for HBGA. Stromal EC revealed different morphology and intrathymic localization but uniform cytoplasmic staining for ABH antigens. Endothelial cells of blood vessels and red blood cells were intensely stained for HBGA. Only single scattered lymphocytes possessed HBGA. In contrast with senile thymus, most lymphocyte populations in the gland of young individuals, as well as the Hassall's corpuscules, expressed HBGA. CONCLUSIONS: The epithelial framework reorganization during age-related thymus involution involves modulation in ABH antigen expression in EC. These molecules are required by thymic EC to maintain the reduced but important crosstalk with lymphocytes during involution. The diminished reactivity for ABH antigens in the lymphocytes of aged thymus might reflect the impaired communication between these two cell types. We present novel evidence for permanent presence and modulation of ABH antigen reactivity in senile thymus, supporting the view that these molecules might be developmentally regulated.     

肺癌血型物质A、B、H抗原免疫组织化学研究——肺癌分子病理学研究之三

采用免疫组织化学方法,对肺癌组织中的血型物质A.B.H抗原进行检查,其结果表明:绝大多数的肺癌组织血型物质减少或消失。在B型和O型患者癌组织中可以出现反常A抗原(incompatible Aantigen)。上述变化的机理可能是:(1)糖链合成不全,前驱物质的蓄积;(2)新的糖链合成。细胞在癌变过程中,细胞膜上糖脂质、糖蛋白的糖链发生很大的变化,这一免疫学去分化的重要标志,可作为一个新的肿瘤标记应用于癌研究。     

肺癌血型物质A.B.H抗原免疫组织化学研究癌糖链抗原研究之一

作者采用免疫组织化学方法,对肺癌组织中的血型物质 A、B、H 抗原进行检查,结果表明绝大多数肺癌组织血型物质减少或消失。在 B 型和 O 型患者癌组织中可以出现反常 A 抗原(incompatible A antigen)。上述变化的机理可能是:(1)糖链合成不全,前驱物质的蓄积;(2)新的糖链合成。在癌变过程中,细胞膜上糖脂质、糖蛋白的糖链发生很大的变化,运一免疫学去分化的重要标志,可作为一个新的肿瘤标记应用于癌研究。