Rickets in a white adolescent

A case is presented to illustrate that vitamin D-deficiency rickets, although extremely rare, can still occur in white adolescents, provided the diet is sufficiently abnormal.     

东部沿海某部海训官兵皮肤病患病率调查及其影响因素分析

目的 分析东部某海训部队官兵在新时期军事训练环境下皮肤病的流行病学特点和患病原因,并提出防治措施。方法 采用整群抽样、分层抽样和单纯随机抽样相结合的多阶段抽样方法,从东部沿海某部海训官兵中选择768名官兵,进行皮肤病问卷调查,随行医师对全体被调查者进行体格检查并给出诊断和治疗指导。应用logistic回归分析研究皮肤病患病的影响因素。结果 回收有效问卷696份,有效率为90.62%。被调查者年龄17～32岁,共349例（50.14%）患有皮肤病。共检出皮肤病类型34种,患病频次为755,其中感染性皮肤病占多数（患病频次565,构成比74.83%）。海训官兵皮肤病患病情况与气候、环境、训练条件、饮食习惯等有关,各类皮肤病病因不尽相同。结论 海训官兵皮肤病患病率高、影响因素多,应通过普及皮肤病防治知识、科学施训、改善防护条件、倡导合理生活习惯、提高医务人员诊治水平、更新药品配备等防治措施降低皮肤病患病率。     

东南沿海某部官兵皮肤病发病率及其影响因素分析

目的 了解东南沿海部队官兵在新时期军事训练环境下皮肤病的流行病学特点,分析发病原因,提出防治措施.方法 采用整群抽样、分层抽样和单纯随机抽样相结合的多阶段抽样方法从东南沿海某部官兵中选出625名官兵,对他们进行皮肤病问卷调查.对全体被调查者进行体格检查并给出相应诊断及治疗.应用logistic多重回归分析皮肤病与其可能的发病原因之间的关系.结果 回收有效问卷569份,有效率91.04％.被调查官兵年龄17～46岁,共264例(46.40％)发生皮肤病.共检出皮肤病类型40种,发病频次为346,其中感染性皮肤病(发病频次197,56.94％)、变态反应性皮肤病(发病频次80,23.12％)、心身性皮肤病(发病频次33,9.54％)占据全部皮肤病的大多数.各类皮肤病病因复杂.结论 东南沿海部队官兵皮肤病发病情况与气候、环境、穿着装备和精神状况有关.应采取倡导合理生活习惯、科学训练、普及皮肤病防治常识、改善生活条件、提高医务人员诊治水平等预防措施,降低皮肤病的发生率.     

Rickets of prematurity: a case report.

A case report is given, and an attempt made to summarize our knowledge about this disorder. An extremely premature infant (birth weight 750 grammes) developed progressive rickets resulting in fractures despite phosphate, calcium and calciferol (vitamin D) supplementation. The patient had mild respiratory distress syndrome but later developed broncopulmonary dysplasia. Initial biochemical evidence of rickets occurred by the 6th week of post-natal life (or 31 weeks post-conceptional age). Although the serum levels of vitamin D or 1-alphahydroxy vitamin D were not determined, it is assumed that the levels of the active metabolite was probably low since clinical, biochemical and radiologic cure of the rickets occurred following its usage.     

Human rabies among the paediatric population in Bangladesh

This cross sectional study in the Infectious Disease Hospital (IDH), Mohakhali, Dhaka on rabies affected paediatric population was carried out to see the patterns of presentation, age group at risk, state of vaccination following animal exposure and the interval between animal exposure and the development of the disease. This one year study included the patients aged less than 15 years with clinically diagnosed rabies referred to the IDH between July 2008 and June 2009. Data was collected from the case sheets of rabies patients given by the relatives and attendants of the victims. A total of 70 cases were included in the study. In the present study most common age group were 5 to 10 years of age with 31(44.3%) patients followed by less than 5 years 23(32.9%) and the rest 16(22.9%) were more than 10 years of age. The male female ratio was 3:1. Among the 70 patients 59(84.3%) were from rural areas and only 11(15.7%) were from urban areas. Sixty six (94.3%) patients presented with bleeding from the site of injury and 4(5.7%) were without bleeding. Among the patients 53(75.7%) presented with bite on the limbs followed by bite on the face 8(11.4%), body 5(7.1%) and head 4(5.7%) cases. Thirty nine of the cases (55.7%) presented with multiple bites and 31(44.3%) had single bite. More than half that is 37(52.9%) patients presented with severe bite, 31(44.3%) had moderate bite and only 2(2.9 %) patients presented with mild bite. Fifty nine (84.3%) patients were unvaccinated whereas 11(15.7%) had history of vaccination after bite. Fifty two (74.3%) gave the history of bite by stray animal, 10(14.3%) by known rabid animal whereas 8(11.4%) had the history of bite by pet animal. Sixty eight patients (97.1%) had the history of bite by dog whereas 2(2.9%) reported cat bite. The mean±SD incubation period 45.38±26.91 days and range was 11-150 days. In the present study it is concluded that the 5-10 years group children were affected most, bites were mostly by stray animal, most of the children did not get post exposure prophylaxis and incubation period was between 11 to 150 days.     

山东沿海成人超重和肥胖的流行病学特征分析

目的    了解山东沿海地区2004年超重和肥胖的流行特征,确定超重和肥胖的高危人群和地区。方法    采用随机、分层、整群抽样的方法调查烟台、威海、日照、东营、青岛沿海5城市的常住成年居民,通过面对面询问调查获取居民的一般情况,体检获取身高、体质量、腰围数据,分析超重和肥胖的发生率及其影响因素。结果    共调查≥18岁成年人4752人,体质量指数（BMI）均值为（24.12±3.57）kg/m2,男性［（24.22±3.43）kg/m2］与女性［（24.07±3.69）kg/m2］、城市［（24.22±3.56）kg/m2］与农村［（24.06±3.57）kg/m2］之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);腰围均值为（84.09±11.01）cm,男性［（86.69±10.36）cm］大于女性［(81.70±11.06）cm］,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),城乡之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);超重、肥胖、腹型肥胖的标化发生率分别为32.2%、13.3%、54.9%;超重发生率男性高于女性（35.6% vs 30.8%,P<0.01）,城市高于农村（35.8% vs 32.4%,P<0.01）;肥胖和腹型肥胖发生率在性别和城乡之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);超重和肥胖的影响因素为性别、城乡、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、劳动强度、体育锻炼;年龄、饮酒、劳动强度、体育锻炼是腹型肥胖的影响因素。结论    2004年山东沿海地区有一半的成年人处于超重和肥胖状态,早期干预势在必行。     

Contraceptive prevalence among adolescent married women in rural Bangladesh

Although contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) has increased over the last decade it has not yet reached the desired level. This cross sectional study aimed at exploring the current use of the modern methods of contraception and some related issues among the adolescent married girls residing in two rural areas of Faridpur district. A total of 426 girls were interviewed. The mean age of marriage was found to be 15.5+/-1.5 years among the respondents and 57.5% of them had secondary level education. Majority of the women (97.7%) were housewives and 41% of the households had a monthly income of Taka. 2001-4000. It was found that only 41% of the couples were currently practicing a modern method of contraception, oral pill being the most popular method (69.9%). In seventy one percent of the respondents, husband and wife jointly took the decision regarding contraceptive use. The main reasons for use were for spacing purpose (50.3%) and for delaying of first pregnancy (42.2%). Increasing female literacy rate, improving their socio economic condition and providing family planning services at the doorstep could help in improving the situation.     

2009~2010年广州地区儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染分析

目的 应用实时荧光PCR方法检测呼吸道合胞病毒,分析2009~2010年广州地区儿童感染呼吸道合胞病毒的状况。方法 以呼吸道合胞病毒的N基因序列为参考,设计特异性引物和TaqMan荧光探针,建立实时荧光PCR方法,进行灵敏度和特异性检测。采用实时荧光PCR方法,对2009~2010年两年本院门诊或住院部急性呼吸道感染患儿的21458份咽拭子样本进行了检测。结果 （1）实时荧光PCR方法具有较好的特异性和灵敏度,与其他常见呼吸道病毒无交叉反应。（2）2009年的10477例临床标本中实时荧光PCR方法检测全年的呼吸道合胞病毒阳性率为7.25％,流行高峰在3月份,感染率为20.04%;2010年检测的10981例临床标本中,呼吸道合胞病毒阳性率为9.73％,有两个流行高峰,一个在2月,感染率为29.56％,另一个高峰在12月份,感染率达到22.20％。结论 本研究建立的实时荧光PCR方法具有简便快捷、特异、敏感的特点,适用于临床呼吸道合胞病毒的检测。2009~2010年呼吸道合胞病毒依然是广州地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的主要病原。     

广州地区儿童全血部分微量和常量元素含量年龄差异的分析

目的 探讨儿童全血常量元素(钙、镁)和微量元素(铁、锌、铜)含量的年龄差异,并建立广州地区1月龄至15岁正常儿童群体全血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁5种元素的参考范围。方法 使用原子吸收光谱法测定全血微量元素,采用广州地区2009年8655份正常儿童全血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁5种元素的检测结果,采用单因素方差分析（One-Way ANOVA）方法对结果进行统计分析。结果 广州地区1月龄-15岁以下儿童8655份全血铜的含量是24.9±5.00μmol/L,其含量不受年龄的影响;全血锌的含量是63.3±15.5μmol/L,年龄越小锌含量越低,参考范围可分10个年龄段;全血钙的含量是1.65±0.12 mmol/L,年龄越大钙含量越低,参考范围可分6个年龄段;全血镁的含量是1.54±0.13 mmol/L,不受年龄的影响;全血铁的含量是8.00±0.76 mmol/L,年龄越大铁含量越高。全血钙、锌、铁个别年龄段有性别的差异。结论 儿童全血铜、锌、钙、镁、铁5种元素应使用有年龄段,有性别的参考范围以判断儿童5种元素的含量是否正常,旧的微量元素参考范围除锌元素以外不分年龄段的标准已不适用于本地区的儿童群体。     

四川省高原地区儿童维生素D和血红蛋白水平调查

目的 对四川省甘孜州稻城县与乡城县0~6岁儿童血清维生素D及血红蛋白水平的检测,探讨高原地区0~6岁儿童维生素D与贫血的相关性,为该地区制定预防儿童贫血措施提供科学依据。方法 以分层整群随机抽样方法选取四川省海拔高度在2 000~4 000 m的四川省甘孜州稻城县与乡城县,选取稻城县与乡城县0~6岁儿童共2 122例,进行现场问卷、体格检查,采用高效液相色谱仪和全自动血常规分析仪,检测血清25-羟维生素D（25-（OH）D）和血红蛋白（HGB)含量,按25-（OH）D含量分为25-（OH）D缺乏组和充足组,分析25-（OH）D与贫血的关系。结果 2 122名0~6岁儿童血清25-（OH）D和血液HGB平均水平分别为（24.65±6.45） ng/mL和（132.12±25.31） g/L,25-（OH）D缺乏率和贫血率分别为22.6%和22.2%。0~<1岁组和1~<3岁组25-（OH）D缺乏组的HGB低于25-（OH）D充足组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,3~6岁组25-（OH）D缺乏组和充足组儿童的HGB差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 海拔高度在2 000~4 000 m的四川省甘孜州稻城县与乡城县0~6岁儿童25-（OH）D水平偏低,25-（OH）D缺乏组的HGB水平低于25-（OH）D充足组,25-（OH）D缺乏可能是贫血的发生的主要原因。     

闽南沿海地区2007年军地青壮年乙型肝炎病毒血清学调查

目的 掌握闽南沿海地区军民乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染状况,为指导部队乙型病毒性肝炎(简称"乙肝")防治提供必要的科学依据.方法 采用乙肝"两对半"血清学检测和询问调查的方法,对受检军地青壮年的乙肝"两对半"专项检测结果进行分析.结果 HBV总感染率、HBsAg阳性率和HBsAb阳性率三项指标,受检官兵和地方人员分别为50.50%、0.10%、63.28%与78.06%、17.03%、58.42%,两组人群比较差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 闽南沿海地区人群HBsAg阳性率高于全国平均水平,而当地驻军HBsAg阳性率极低,受检部队乙肝防控成绩显著,未受地方乙肝疫情影响.