以旋毛虫成虫感染小鼠的研究

本文以旋毛虫成虫为感染期感染小鼠获得成功。用２００条旋毛虫成虫经口感染小鼠，在鼠的肠内发现成虫，肌肉内发现幼虫。因此，可以认为在旋毛虫生活史过程中，旋毛虫成虫亦能起感染期作用感染宿主。     

旋毛虫肌肉期幼虫分泌排泄物中46—58kD抗原诱发小鼠保护性免疫的研究

为探讨旋毛虫肌肉期幼虫分泌排泄物（ＴｓＬ１－ＥＳ）中４６－５８ＫＤ抗原的保护性免疫作用，本文用该纯化原组分加福氏完全佐剂（ＦＣＡ）腹腔注射免疫昆明小鼠３次，继以旋毛虫感染性幼虫３００条攻击感染，感染后第７天计数小鼠肠道成虫数、第３０天肌肉继虫数和血清抗体ＩｇＧ滴度。结果：４６－５８ＫＤ抗原免疫鼠的肠道成虫减虫率、肌肉幼虫减虫率和血清抗体ＩｇＧ的几何平均倒数滴度分别为４１．８％、４６．１％和２８４１     

旋毛虫肌肉期幼虫分泌排泄物中46-58kD抗原诱发小鼠保护性免疫的研究

为探讨旋毛虫肌肉期幼虫分泌排泄物（ＴｓＬ１ＥＳ）中４６５８ｋＤ抗原的保护性免疫作用，本文用该纯化抗原组分加福氏完全佐剂（ＦＣＡ）腹腔注射免疫昆明小鼠３次，继以旋毛虫感染性幼虫３００条攻击感染，感染后第７天计数小鼠肠道成虫数、第３０天肌肉幼虫数和血清抗体ＩｇＧ滴度。结果：４６５８ｋＤ抗原免疫鼠的肠道成虫减虫率、肌肉幼虫减虫率和血清抗体ＩｇＧ的几何平均倒数滴度分别为４１８％、４６１％和２８４１２；与ＴｓＬ１ＥＳ诱导的保护性免疫力（４８３％、５０２％和３４５８６）水平接近；显著高于佐剂对照组（４８％、８３％和７４８６）。表明：ＴｓＬ１ＥＳ中４６５８ｋＤ抗原组分可产生明显的保护性免疫作用     

旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原和排泄分泌抗原对小鼠免疫保护作用的比较研究

目的　比较旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原和排泄分泌抗原对小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法　收集人工感染大鼠小肠内的成虫, 经研磨和冻融制备成虫可溶性抗原。采用体外培养的方法从培养液中提取旋毛虫成虫排泄分泌抗原。分别用两种抗原免疫小鼠, 间隔１ 周共免疫３ 次, 末次免疫后１ 周, 每只小鼠攻击感染１００ 条旋毛虫感染性肌肉幼虫。感染后１ 周检查小鼠小肠内成虫数量和雌虫生殖力, 感染后５ 周检查肌肉幼虫负荷。结果　成虫可溶性抗原诱导的成虫减虫率、新生幼虫减虫率和肌肉幼虫减虫率分别为７９５５ ％ 、６２２５ ％ 和６５０ ％ 。成虫排泄分泌抗原诱导的成虫减虫率、新生幼虫减虫率和肌肉幼虫减虫率分别是９７２７ ％ 、８６６０ ％ 和９００ ％ 。结论　实验结果表明旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原和成虫排泄分泌抗原均能够诱导宿主产生较强的抗攻击感染的免疫力, 但后者的免疫原性更强。     

旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原和排泄分泌抗原对小鼠免疫保护作用的 …

目的 比较旋毛虫成虫可溶性抗原和排泄分泌抗原和排泄分泌抗原对小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法：收集人工感染大鼠小肠内的成虫，经研磨和冻融制血成虫可溶性抗原。采用体外培养的方法从培养液中提取旋毛虫成虫排泄分泌抗原。分别用两种抗原免疫上是隔１周共免疫３档次免疫后１周，每只小鼠攻击感染１００条旋毛虫感染性肌肉幼虫。感染后１周检查小鼠小肠内丰虫数量和雌虫生殖力，感染后５周检查肌肉幼虫负荷。结果 成虫可溶性原诱导的     

旋毛虫编码新生幼虫p46 kDa抗原基因重组融合蛋白对小鼠的免疫保护性研究

目的 探讨旋毛虫编码新生幼虫p46 kDa抗原基因重组融合蛋白WN10对小鼠的免疫保护性。方法 将纯化的重组融合蛋白WN10以20μg/只的剂量分3次免疫小鼠后，攻击感染旋毛虫肌幼虫200条／只，检查旋毛虫7日龄成虫数、雌虫体外产生新生幼虫数、感染35d的肌幼虫数并计算减虫率，同时用ELISA法检测血清中抗WN10抗体IgG滴度。结果WN10免疫小鼠后获得旋毛虫7日龄成虫、肌幼虫的减虫率分别为64．28％和61．21％，均与感染对照组和佐剂对照组差异显著；获得雌虫产新生幼虫的减虫率为16．46％，与感染对照组和佐剂对照组差异不显著；WN10免疫组小鼠在第3次免疫后1周可检测到高滴度的抗WN10抗体IgG，在攻击感染旋毛虫9周后仍维持在较高水平。结论 编码旋毛虫新生幼虫p46 kDa抗原基因重组融合蛋白可诱导小鼠产生较强的抗旋毛虫保护性免疫。     

旋毛虫成囊前期幼虫感染性观察

目的 观察旋毛虫成囊前期幼虫的感染性.方法 将80只雄性昆明小鼠随机分成8组,每只感染300条旋毛虫肌幼虫,感染后14～21d每天剖杀1组,将小鼠膈肌(即含9～16日龄的成囊前期幼虫)分别再喂饲10只小鼠;同时将贝氏法收集的9～16日龄的幼虫用灌胃法感染10只小鼠(每只300条).感染后42 d将2种方法感染的小鼠剖杀,分别剪碎肌肉,人工消化后收集并计数旋毛虫肌幼虫.光学显微镜下观察不同日龄幼虫的形态并测量其长度.结果 旋毛虫9～12日龄幼虫2种方法感染的小鼠均未检获肌幼虫:13～16日龄幼虫膈肌喂饲法小鼠的感染率均为100%,幼虫灌胃法对小鼠的感染率分别为30%、30%、40%和40%.幼虫日龄与喂饲法在感染小鼠后42d收集的肌幼虫数呈相关性(r=0.939,P＜0.05).旋毛虫9～16日龄幼虫长度随幼虫日龄的延长而增大,9日龄幼多呈腊肠状,未见虫体活幼;12日龄幼虫多呈卷曲状,可见缓慢蠕动;15日龄幼虫呈明显的卷曲状,幼虫周围已形成明显的囊包,可见虫体明显活动.结论 旋毛虫感染后18d的成囊前期幼虫(13日龄)对新宿主具有感染性,幼虫的感染性与长度随着日龄的延长而增大.     

用左旋咪唑和甲苯咪唑对感染旋毛虫小鼠的化疗实验

作者用小鼠感染旋毛虫后分别在肠道期、移行期和包囊期用左旋咪唑(Levamisole)和甲苯咪唑(Mebendazole)进行了比较实验治疗。实验用6周龄雄性小鼠(IGR系)共115只,每组5只分别饲养于塑料笼内,旋毛虫(USA系)经传代接种后将小鼠的全部肌肉用盐酸、胃蛋白酶消化法处理,分离感染期幼虫,并将感染期幼虫放入含3%的明胶生理盐水中,用胃内投入法每鼠感染300条。     

白酒对鼠体旋毛虫幼虫的杀伤作用

目的观察白酒对鼠体旋毛虫幼虫的杀伤作用。方法80只昆明小鼠,各喂食含500条旋毛虫幼虫的肌肉后随机分成8组(10只/组),实验组分别灌饲0.2ml或0.4ml乙醇体积分数为0.62、0.54和0.46的白酒,对照组灌饲相同体积的生理盐水。7d与40d后各剖杀5只,检查肠道旋毛虫成虫和肌幼虫数。结果灌饲0.2ml乙醇体积分数为0.62、0.54和0.46的白酒的小鼠肠道成虫数分别为(80.00±11.25)条、(208.00±22.89)条及(256.00±69.37)条,肌幼虫数分别为(37993.60±296.50)条、(54166.60±2951.98)条和(63808.40±2442.81)条,灌饲0.4ml乙醇体积分数为0.62、0.54和0.46的白酒的小鼠肠道成虫数分别为(21.00±11.83)条、(87.00±27.66)条及(112.00±25.38)条,肌幼虫数分别为(24691.20±4628.14)条、(47266.60±1955.49)条及(50833.40±2211.50)条,生理盐水对照组分别为(312.00±76.93)条和(81050.00±13157.74)条,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。灌饲白酒的感染鼠肠道成虫与肌幼虫数均随乙醇灌胃量的增大而减少(P均0.05)。结论白酒对鼠体内旋毛虫的杀伤作用与乙醇含量有关,小鼠灌饲白酒可降低旋毛虫感染程度。     

旋毛虫和假旋旋毛虫在小鼠引起的免疫应答

假旋旋毛虫与该属的其他种有明显不同:虫体小,幼虫在肌肉内不形成包囊及能够在鸟类寄生。此外,宿主对其感染的免疫和炎症反应也有差异。本试验对旋毛虫和假旋旋毛虫肠期感染小鼠的免疫应答作了比较。 试验选用特异的无病原NIH纯系雄性6—8周龄小鼠,每组5—6只。旋毛虫为伦敦分离的ISS_(25)和假旋旋毛虫ISS_(13),分100和400条幼虫两个水平感染小鼠,以排除因肠道内成虫绝对数量不同而引起的差异。所用抗原是实验感染鼠肌肉幼虫匀浆的盐提取物。以ELISA测定抗体。用心脏穿刺收集鼠     

Suppression of mucosal mastocytosis by Nematospiroides dubius results from an adult worm-mediated effect upon host lymphocytes

Infections with the nematode Nematospiroides dubius fail to elicit mucosal mast cell (MMC) responses in the intestines of host mice, and suppress MMC responses generated by heterologous infection. Larval N. dubius have the capacity to prime for mastocytosis, and to elicit this response in primed mice during a challenge, but only if adult worms are prevented from developing, either by anthelmintic treatment or by irradiation of the larvae themselves. The suppressive effect of the adult stage was confirmed in experiments where such worms were implanted directly into the intestines of mice primed by exposure to irradiated N. dubius larvae or concurrently infected with Trichinella spiralis. Data on the mechanisms underlying this suppressive effect were obtained from experiments involving the adoptive transfer of mastocytosis by mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) from T. spiralis infected mice. When MLNC were taken from mice infected concurrently with both T. spiralis and N. dubius no enhanced mastocytosis was seen in recipients after challenge with T. spiralis. Exposure of MLNC from T. spiralis infected donors to the presence of adult N. dubius after transfer did not reduce the adoptively transferred response. The response was also unaffected when MLNC from adult N. dubius infected mice were simultaneously transferred with MLNC from T. spiralis donors. It is concluded that the suppressive effect of adult N. dubius upon the expression of mucosal mastocytosis acts upon the generation of lymphocytes capable of promoting the development of MMC from precursor cells.     

Ultrastructural analysis of capsule and nurse-cell morphology examined seven months after Trichinella spiralis mouse infection

Ultrastructural changes in muscles cells of mice infected with T. spiralis larvae in 220 day of infection were evaluated. The object of study was in the region of the "nurse-cell" being in direct contact with the larva wall. Electron microscopic observations revealed the continuity of the muscle cell membrane adjacent to larva surface.     

合欢皮总皂苷治疗旋毛虫感染小鼠的疗效观察

目的研究合欢皮总皂苷对感染旋毛虫小鼠的治疗效果。方法将36只感染旋毛虫的ICR小鼠随机分为6组(每只小鼠感染300条旋毛虫),每组6只。组Ⅰ-Ⅲ为成虫组:组Ⅰ为感染对照组,组Ⅱ为合欢皮总皂苷治疗组,组Ⅲ为阿苯达唑治疗组;组Ⅳ-Ⅵ为肌幼虫组:组Ⅳ为感染对照组,组Ⅴ为合欢皮总皂苷治疗组,组Ⅵ为阿苯达唑治疗组。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组于感染后第2d开始给药,连续给药3d,于感染后第7d处死,计数小肠内成虫;Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组于感染后第7d开始给药,连续给药14d,于感染后第40d处死,计数肌幼虫并计算减虫率,HE染色计数肌幼虫,免疫组化检测膈肌中IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2因子的表达。结果合欢皮总皂苷和阿苯达唑治疗组成虫数和肌幼虫数均少于感染对照组(P<0.01),成虫减虫率分别为71.60%和81.24%,肌幼虫减虫率分别为65.70%和89.94%;HE染色结果表明两个治疗组囊包幼虫均减少,炎症细胞表达均明显减轻;免疫组化结果显示治疗组IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2的表达降低。结论合欢皮总皂苷对旋毛虫成虫和囊包幼虫均有较好的杀虫效果,虽然效果略次于阿苯达唑,但其作为中药提取物毒性较低。     

三苯双脒和阿苯达唑治疗感染旋毛虫小鼠的疗效观察

目的观察三苯双脒和阿苯达唑对感染旋毛虫小鼠的疗效。方法将85只昆明小鼠(每鼠感染旋毛虫幼虫100条)分成3组,A组(成虫期,即感染后5d)、B组(幼虫移行期,即感染后15d)和C组(幼虫成囊期,即感染后35d)。A组小鼠35只,均分为7组,三苯双脒和阿苯达唑各治疗3组,两药给药剂量相同,分别为顿服6.25、12.5和25mg/kg,另设1组为对照组。B、C两组各25只小鼠,各均分为5组,三苯双脒和阿苯达唑各治疗2组,两药给药剂量相同,分别为100和200mg/(kg·d),另各设1组为对照组。A组小鼠治疗后2d处死,计数小肠内成虫。B、C两组小鼠连续治疗7d,治疗结束后15d处死,剖取全部膈肌,消化液消化,镜下计数幼虫。计算各组平均虫数和减虫率,统计分析各组治疗效果。结果A组,三苯双脒各组平均成虫数均显著少于对照组(P0.01),减虫率分别为63.3%、86.2%和98.5%;阿苯达唑6.25和12.5mg/kg组的平均成虫数与对照组的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但25mg/kg组的平均成虫数则少于对照组(P0.05),减虫率为41.2%。B组,两种药物平均虫数都显著少于对照组(P0.01),三苯双脒治疗组减虫率分别为64.4%和89.6%,阿苯达唑组减虫率分别为56.7%和78.4%。C组,仅阿苯达唑200mg/(kg·d)组的平均幼虫(成囊期)数显著少于对照组(P0.01),减虫率为71.8%,其余各组均无效。结论三苯双脒对小鼠旋毛虫成虫和移行期幼虫有较好的疗效,但对成囊期幼虫无效。较大剂量阿苯达唑对小鼠旋毛虫成虫、移行期和成囊期幼虫均有效。     

大鼠对旋毛虫再感染的抵抗力实验观察

目的 研究实验感染旋毛虫（韩国分离株）的大鼠对成虫和肌期幼虫阶段感染的保护性免疫和IgG，IgG1，IgG2a抗体反应。 方法 46只大鼠随机分为7组，其中2组（A1、A2组， 共10只）用于观察成虫阶段引起的保护性免疫，B组（B1、B2组， 共14只）用于观察肌期幼虫阶段引起的保护性免疫，C组（C1、C2组，共17只）为感染对照组，D组（5只）为正常对照组。A、B和C组分别每鼠感染1 000条旋毛虫肌幼虫，分别于感染后第7天（A1、 A2组）和第30天（B1、B2组），用氟苯咪唑治疗（20 mg/kg，10 d）。治疗后第10天，A和B组每鼠再次感染500条旋毛虫肌幼虫，于感染后第7天剖杀A1和B1组大鼠，检测肠道内成虫数，于感染后第30天剖杀A2和B2组大鼠，检测横膈膜内肌期幼虫数，同时分别剖杀感染对照组和正常对照组大鼠。每组同期取血，ELISA检测特异性IgG、IgG1和IgG2a抗体水平。结果 旋毛虫成虫阶段对成虫和肌幼虫的保护性免疫分别为100%和99.96%，肌幼虫阶段对成虫和肌幼虫的保护性免疫分别为99.92%和99.89%。肌幼虫感染阶段抗肌幼虫分泌排泄抗原的特异性IgG、IgG1和IgG2a抗体与正常对照组（分别为0.5、 0.1和0.1）和成虫感染阶段（分别为0.5、 0.09和0.09）比较，抗体反应均显著增高（分别为3.0、2.2和0.8）（P<0.01）。且幼虫期抗肌幼虫分泌排泄抗原特异性IgG1抗体（2.2）显著高于特异性IgG2a抗体（0.8）（P<0.01）。 结论 旋毛虫的成虫和肌幼虫阶段的感染均对成虫和幼虫的再感染产生保护性免疫。     

Distribution of intestinal mast cell proteinase in blood and tissues of normal and Trichinella-intected mice

A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for mouse intestinal mast cell proteinase (IMCP). Specificity was demonstrated by the absence of immunoreactivity with extracts of isolated serosal mast cells (SMC), or with high concentrations (50 micrograms/ml) of the antigenically similar rat mast cell proteinases I or II. The small and large intestines in normal mice were the major sources of IMCP, there being little or no IMCP in non-mucosal tissues. Concentrations of IMCP in normal (non-parasitized) mice were low, but were increased 100-1000-fold intestines of mice infected 10 days earlier with Trichinella spiralis. The kinetic response of secreted IMCP into the blood of mice following infection with T. spiralis was also studied. Systemic release of IMCP coincided with the immune expulsion of adult worms from the intestine, and peak concentrations (9.45 micrograms/ml IMCP) occurred 9 days after infection. The tissue distribution of IMCP, its secretion into blood, and its enteric accumulation during parasite infection, are consistent with a mucosal mast cell (MMC) source for IMCP. The results are discussed in the context of similar findings for rat mast cell proteinase II.     

Modulation of host response by Trichinella pseudospiralis

Measurement of myeloperoxidase activity in the muscles of mice infected with Trichinella pseudospiralis, T. spiralis or both helminths allowed quantitation of host inflammatory response to the parasite. Infection of the host with T. pseudospiralis alone was accompanied by less inflammation in host diaphragm muscle than was the case in hosts infected with T. spiralis alone. A dramatic reduction in inflammation around s.c. implanted cotton string was observed in mice infected with T. pseudospiralis alone below that seen in uninfected mice. Concurrent infection of the host with T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis resulted in a lowering of myositis below that seen in the diaphragm muscles of mice infected with T. spiralis alone.     

旋毛虫机蚴抗原诱导小鼠抗日本血吸虫保护性免疫的研究

目的：探讨旋毛虫幼虫抗原免疫小鼠对日本血吸虫攻击感染的交叉保护作用。方法：用4种不同的旋毛虫幼虫抗原制剂经颈部皮下多点免疫小鼠，然后用日本血吸虫尾蚴30条或100条攻击感染，攻击后45d剖杀小鼠，收集成虫、肝组织和粪便中的虫卵，并计数。结果：4种不同制剂均可诱导不同程度的保护性免疫效应，以旋毛虫幼虫匀浆上清可溶性抗原（TsSA）效果较好，减虫率为21．3％，加用福氏佐剂时，其减虫率为29．3％，肝组织和粪便中的虫卵减少率分别达48％和58．5％，平均每鼠肝组织和粪便中的虫卵EPG减少率分别为41．7％和48．9％；当抗原剂量为10000条旋毛虫并加用福氏佐剂时，其减虫率达39．6％。结论：旋毛虫抗原免疫小鼠能诱导抗日本血吸虫攻击感染的免疫效应。     

旋毛虫排泄分泌抗原对小鼠的保护性免疫

目的比较旋毛虫成虫排泄分泌抗原(ES抗原)、肌幼虫ES抗原、成虫和肌幼虫ES混合抗原对小鼠的免疫保护作用。方法用生理盐水培养法从培养液中提取成虫ES抗原、肌幼虫ES抗原,分别用成虫ES抗原、肌幼虫ES抗原、成虫和肌幼虫ES混合抗原免疫小鼠,同时设佐剂组和对照组,间隔7d共免疫3次。末次免疫后7天,每只小鼠用200条旋毛虫感染期幼虫经口进行攻击感染。感染后7天和30天检查各组小鼠肠道成虫数和肌幼虫数。结果旋毛虫成虫ES抗原组、肌幼虫ES抗原组、成虫和肌幼虫ES混合抗原组的成虫减虫率分别为87.95%、69.48%、84.34%,肌幼虫减虫率分别为74.79%、87.97%、86.87%。成虫ES抗原组、成虫与肌幼虫ES抗原混合组的成虫减虫率均高于肌幼虫ES抗原组(P均<0.05)。肌幼虫ES抗原组、成虫与肌幼虫ES抗原混合组的肌幼虫减虫率均高于成虫ES抗原组(P均<0.01)。结论旋毛虫成虫和肌幼虫ES混合抗原均能诱导小鼠产生抗成虫及肌幼虫较强的免疫力。