前庭诱发的肌源性电位耳间潜伏期差异及意义

目的:探讨前庭诱发的肌源性电位(VEMP)耳间潜伏期(IAL)差值的意义,提高VEMP检查的敏感性。方法:健康成人20例及双侧VEMP引出的听神经瘤或桥小脑角肿瘤患者13例和多发性硬化症患者1例,采用双耳短声记录VEMP,并分析|Δp13|、|Δn23|和|Δp13-n23|(分别代表IAL差值的绝对值)。结果:健康成人|Δp13|上限为1.13ms;|Δn23|为1.38ms;|Δp13-n23|为1.54ms。|Δp13-n23|左侧与右侧差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IAL差值|Δp13|、|Δn23|和|Δp13-n23|可提供p13、n23潜伏期所不能提供的异常信息。结论:VEMP|Δp13|、|Δn23|和|Δp13-n23|,尤其是|Δp13|同潜伏期一样提示其传导通路异常,是一项实用的指标,可作为临床对于VEMP异常判断的辅助指标。     

听神经瘤患者前庭诱发肌源性电位的特征

目的:建立听力室前庭诱发肌源性电位(VEMP)潜伏期、振幅等参数的正常值,探讨VEMP对听神经瘤(AN)诊断的意义.方法:以短声为刺激声,双耳给声,双侧胸锁乳突肌分别记录VEMP.选取46例听力正常的健康人群,记录VEMP,建立VEMP正常值;2006～2007年收治的14例AN患者,除听觉脑干反应(ABR)和前庭冷热实验外,记录并分析VEMP的各项参数.结果:46例听力正常者中,43例双耳均可引出VEMP,3例双耳均不能引出,引出率为93.5%(86/92).VEMP正常值参数分别为:p13潜伏期(11.86±2.11)ms,n23潜伏期(18.57±2.19)ms,p13n23间期(6.71±1.69)ms,p13n23振幅(24.18±8.22)μV;耳间差各参数分别为:p13潜伏期耳间差(|△p13|)(0.64±0.61)ms,n23潜伏期耳间差(|△n23|)(1.05±0.97)ms,p13n23间期耳间差(|△p13n23|)(0.84±0.81)ms,振幅比1.32±0.37,耳间不对称率0.12±0.11.14例AN患者中,3例两侧均未引出VEMP,8例健侧正常患侧未引出,3例健侧正常患侧VEMP表现为p13、p13n23间期的耳间差延长.结论:VEMP可作为听神经瘤的筛查方法,联合其他检查可提高听神经瘤的检出率.     

正常青年人不同体位前庭诱发肌源性电位的研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨正常青年人不同体位前庭诱发肌源性电位(vestibular evoked myogenic potential,VEMPs)的差异,找出适宜的测试体位。方法选取听力正常青年人30例,分别采用仰卧抬头体位、仰卧抬头转头体位和坐位转头体位进行前庭诱发肌源性电位测试,比较三种体位下的VEMP引出率、p12、n23波潜伏期和振幅。结果仰卧抬头体位,仰卧抬头转头体位和坐位转头体位的VEMP引出率分别为100%、100%和63.3%,前两种体位与第三种体位VEMP的引出率、p13和n23波潜伏期及波间期间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),前两种体位之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三种体位之间的振幅比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男女间每种体位VEMP的引出率、p13和n23波潜伏期及波间期和振幅比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论仰卧抬头转头体位VEMP的引出率为100%,且振幅最高,为临床最推荐体位;其次可选用仰卧抬头体位VEMP;坐位转头体位VEMP引出率不高,不推荐使用;性别不影响VEMPs测试。     

前庭诱发的肌源性电位与小脑脑桥角占位病变

目的 研究前庭诱发的肌源性电位(vestibularevoked myogenic potential,VEMP)在小脑脑桥角占位病变中的表现形式及该电位对小脑脑桥角占位病变的诊断与治疗意义.方法 16例根据临床表现、听力学检查和前庭功能检查及MRI诊断为小脑脑桥角占位病变(年龄平均40.9岁)的患者行VEMP检查,分析VEMP异常的表现形式及与肿瘤体积的关系.结果小脑脑桥角占位病变的受试者VEMP有4种表现形式:①患侧VEMP未引出,②患侧潜伏期延长,③潜伏期延长、振幅低以及耳间潜伏期异常.肿瘤超过2.0 cm,并对脑干、小脑构成明显压迫的患者,p13、n23潜伏期均延长.而肿瘤在1.5 cm以下者,一般表现为正常引出或即便p13潜伏期异常,但n23潜伏期正常.结论 VEMP可作为一项主要的筛选检查.联合听性脑干反应和前庭双温试验,可避免筛选漏诊,提高小脑脑桥角占位病变的检出率.VEMP异常的判断主要依靠振幅和潜伏期,潜伏期尤其是耳间潜伏期比振幅敏感.     

人工耳蜗植入对前庭诱发肌源性电位远期影响的初步研究

目的分析人工耳蜗植入术对前庭诱发肌源性电位(Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials,VEMPs)的影响。方法选择2013年2月至2015年10月就诊于我科并接受人工耳蜗植入患者17例(17耳)作为观察对象,对患耳进行颈肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential,c VEMP)和眼肌前庭诱发肌源性电位(ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential,o VEMP)检测,将术后VEMPs波形引出率和参数分别与手术前和对侧耳进行对比。结果人工耳蜗植入前术耳c VEMP和o VEMP的引出率分别为59%和53%。术后1-3年术耳c VEMP和o VEMP引出率分别降至24%和12%(开机状态,P<0.05),24%和12%(关机状态,P<0.05),同时在引出VEMPs的患耳部分波形参数显示异常变化。结论人工耳蜗植入术后c VEMP和o VEMP的引出率下降,波形参数异常,提示人工耳蜗植入对术耳前庭耳石器机能有可能造成一定影响。     

不同刺激模式前庭诱发肌源性电位的反应特性

目的前庭诱发的肌源性电位(vestibular evoked myogenic potential，VEMP)可用于评价球囊功能及其对称性，比较3种刺激模式VEMP的振幅与潜伏期，希望得出适合临床应用的方法。方法测量21名健康成人3种刺激模式(双侧短声、1侧短声和1侧短声对侧白噪声)的VEMP的潜伏期、振幅，计算出3种情况下的振幅及潜伏期的均值、双侧振幅比值、双侧振幅不对称性。结果3种刺激模式刺激侧振幅与潜伏期无明显差异，但1侧短声刺激对侧振幅低于刺激侧，潜伏期比刺激侧长2～3ms。双侧短声刺激p13波和n23波出现率为100％，1侧短声对侧白噪声刺激p13和n23出现率最低，无特别应用的意义。3种刺激方式VEMPs振幅变化较大。结论VEMP是一种稳定的肌源性电位，双侧短声刺激和1侧短声刺激都不失为较好的刺激方法，双侧给声对双侧听力正常者较为适宜。应用双侧VEMP的振幅比值和对称性，判断双侧球囊的功能。     

迟发性膜迷路积水的诊断

目的：探讨迟发性膜迷路积水（DEH）的诊断手段及意义。方法：15例DEH患者,分别行纯音听阈及耳蜗电图检查、前庭双温试验和前庭诱发的肌源性电位检查（VEMP）,用以诊断及判断DEH的侧别和病变累及范围。结果：15例患者均为中～重度以上感音神经性聋。积水与听力下降同侧10例,对侧4例,双侧1例。水平半规管和球囊均有积水5例,水平半规管积水6例,球囊积水2例。VEMP异常者7例,其中1例患侧p13-n23振幅消失,2例p13潜伏期延长,4例患侧p13-n23低振幅。结论：DEH的诊断除了纯音测听外,耳蜗电图检查、前庭双温试验和VEMP检查是重要的实验室检查,应列为诊断常规。     

前庭诱发的肌源性电位临床应用

前庭诱发的肌源性电位（Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials，VEMP）可用于评价球囊功能及其对称性。本文总结VEMP在神经耳科学中的应用情况。首先建立VEMP的临床适用的检查方法，这些方法包括：刺激声的选择、刺激强度及给声方式，建立VEMP在振幅、阈值、潜伏期和耳间潜伏期的正常值。临床上常用于：梅尼埃病和迟发性膜迷路积水、前庭神经炎、听神经瘤、前半规管裂综合征和听神经病的诊断定位。VEMP的振幅变化较大．潜伏期的变化较大，而阈值较稳定。梅尼埃病和迟发性膜迷路积水、前庭神经炎、听神经瘤可以出现振幅的异常或引不出；梅尼埃病、迟发性膜迷路积水和听神经瘤可见振幅和潜伏期异常。听神经瘤还可见耳间潜伏期延长。听神经病主要表现为振幅的异常，振幅减低或引不出。VEMP是一种稳定的肌源性电位，双侧声刺激较为适宜。VEMP的阈值检查主要用于压力或声音敏感性眩晕；耳间潜伏期的异常主要见于桥一小脑角占位病变：振幅和潜伏期的异常一般没有特异性．可见于累及前庭下神经的病变。     

前庭诱发的肌源性电位在单侧前庭功能低下患者中的应用

目的:分析前庭诱发的肌源性电位(VEMP)在慢性头晕患者和单侧前庭功能低下患者中的表现,明确VEMP异常和病变侧别及受累结构的关系。方法:在本观察性研究中,我们对66例受试者进行了VEMP检查(短纯音刺激,强度100dB nHL,频率1 000Hz,带通滤波10～1 500Hz,刺激率4.3Hz)。根据临床表现和冷热试验,其中33例患者被诊断为单侧前庭功能低下,另外33例受试者为年龄性别匹配的对照。分析p13-n23的振幅、不对称率、潜伏期、耳间差异和阈值。统计学分析采用t检验,Shapiro-Wilks检验和Mann-Whitney检验,P<0.05有统计学意义。结果:63.63%的慢性前庭功能低下的患者存在VEMP异常,其中13例患者VEMP异常出现在前庭功能低下侧,3例患者出现在病变对侧。5例患者双侧VEMP异常。结论:冷热试验诊断为单侧慢性前庭功能低下的患者中,63.63%存在不同程度的VEMP的改变。54.54%的患者VEMP异常出现在前庭功能低下侧,24.24%的患者的VEMP异常出现在病变对侧。VEMP能够增强对单侧前庭功能低下患者的功能评价。     

不同刺激模式前庭诱发肌源性电位的反应特性

目的 前庭诱发的肌源性电位(vestibular evoked myogenic potential,VEMP)可用于评价球囊功能及其对称性,比较3种刺激模式VEMP的振幅与潜伏期,希望得出适合临床应用的方法。方法 测量21名健康成人3种刺激模式(双侧短声、1侧短声和1侧短声对侧白噪声)的VEMP的潜伏期、振幅,计算出3种情况下的振幅及潜伏期的均值、双侧振幅比值、双侧振幅不对称性。结果 3种刺激模式刺激侧振幅与潜伏期无明显差异,但1侧短声刺激对侧振幅低于刺激侧,潜伏期比刺激侧长2-3 ms。双侧短声刺激p13波和n23波出现率为100％,1侧短声对侧白噪声刺激p13和n23出现率最低,无特别应用的意义。3种刺激方式VEMPs振幅变化较大。结论 VEMP是一种稳定的肌源性电位,双侧短声刺激和1侧短声刺激都不失为较好的刺激方法,双侧给声对双侧听力正常者较为适宜。应用双侧VEMP的振幅比值和对称性,判断双侧球囊的功能。     

Hallazgos de potenciales vestibulares miogénicos evocados en la esclerosis múltiple

IntroductionMultiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease involving the occurrence of demyelinating, chronic neurodegenerative lesions in the central nervous system. We studied vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) in this pathology, to allow us to evaluate the saccule, inferior vestibular nerve and vestibular-spinal pathway non-invasively.MethodsThere were 23 patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis who underwent VEMP recordings, comparing our results with a control group consisting of 35 healthy subjects. We registered p13 and n23 wave latencies, interaural amplitude difference and asymmetry ratio between both ears. Subjects also underwent an otoscopy and audiometric examination.ResultsThe prolongation of p13 and n23 wave latencies was the most notable characteristic, with a mean p13 wave latency of 19.53 milliseconds and a mean latency of 30.06 milliseconds for n23. In contrast, the asymmetry index showed no significant differences with our control group.ConclusionsIn case of multiple sclerosis, the prolongation of the p13 and n23 VEMP wave latencies is a feature that has been attributed to slowing of conduction by demyelination of the vestibular-spinal pathway. In this regard, alteration of the response or lack thereof in these potentials has a locator value of injury to the lower brainstem.     

Clinical application of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in healthy newborns

OBJECTIVE: Auditory and vestibular functions have critical importance in infancy because they may affect motor and mental development. We aimed to determine the normal values of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) parameters to provide a reference for further research regarding the early diagnosis of vestibular dysfunction in newborns. METHODS: Twenty-four term newborns (12 girls, 12 boys), with birth weights greater than 2500 g and Apgar scores higher than 7 at 1 min, were studied. Tympanometry, auditory-evoked brainstem responses, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions, and VEMP recordings were assessed in all subjects during fourth week after birth. RESULTS: All newborns passed the audiologic evaluation, and biphasic waveforms of the VEMP were obtained in all 48 tested ears. Mean latencies of p13, n23, and p13-n23 intervals were 13.7+/-1.1, 20.5+/-1.6, and 7.1+/-2.1 ms, respectively. The mean amplitude value was 22.6+/-18.4 microV. There were no significant differences in latency values or amplitudes with regard to sex or side of ear tested in newborns. CONCLUSIONS: VEMP may easily be used for early evaluation of vestibular dysfunction in newborns. Because results may differ owing to test techniques and age, every laboratory should have its own normal values.     

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in children

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to establish if the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) could be used as a clinical test of vestibular function in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty normal hearing children, aged between 3 and 15 years, and classified in preschool and scholar group, have been investigated in order to study normal development of vestibular potentials and to define fundamental parameters of VEMPs, establishing normal data of latencies and amplitude ratio. Electromyographic activity of sternocleidomastoid muscle was recorded while children were laid supine on a bed and asked to raise their head off of the bed in order to activate their neck flexors bilaterally. The saccular receptors were acoustically stimulated with a logon of 500Hz at an intensity of 130dB peSPL presented monaurally through earphones. In each recording, we analysed latencies and amplitudes of the p13 and n23 waves and the amplitude ratio between the two ears. RESULTS: VEMPs were normally detected in all subjects. In preschool group mean p13 and mean n23 latencies were, respectively, 16.13 (+/-2.12)ms and 21.17 (+/-2.77)ms; mean amplitude ratio was 28.49 (+/-18.10). In scholar group mean p13 and n23 were respectively 16.14 (+/-3.48)ms and 21.78 (+/-3.39)ms, while mean amplitude ratio 20.44 (+/-13.24). Comparison of latencies and amplitude ratio between the children groups and control adult group did not showed any significant differences. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, VEMPs could represent a valid and non-invasive technique able to investigate vestibular function in children and, in particular, vestibulo collic reflex.     

前庭诱发肌源性电位的正常人群观察

目的:观察我国正常青年人群中前庭诱发肌源性电位(VEMP)出现的阳性率及各项参数指标。方法:选取52例(男31例,女21例)21~22岁正常健康人群,以短声为刺激声,单耳给声,同侧胸锁乳突肌(SCM)记录。结果:47例2耳均可引出VEMP,5例2耳均不能引出。总104耳中,94耳阳性,10耳阴性,阳性率90%。统计阳性耳各参数:p1潜伏期(15.97±3.22)ms、n2潜伏期(24.41±2.46)ms、p1n2间期(8.41±2.06)ms,幅值(33.27±14.37)μV,阈值(93.67±5.20)dB nHL。统计47例正常人同一个体耳内差异的各参数为p1潜伏期(0.97±1.31)ms,n2潜伏期(1.23±1.30)ms,p1n2间期(0.95±1.21)ms,幅值(10.04±11.88)μV,阈值(2.29±2.56)dB nHL。男女各参数比较差异无统计学意义。结论:绝大部分正常人可引出VEMP。VEMP的引出体现该侧耳球囊→前庭下神经→脑干前庭神经核→前庭脊髓通路→颈肌运动神经元这条反射途径的完整性。VEMP可能成为一种检测前庭终器及其传导通路完整性的方法。     

不同策略的声电双模式助听对事件相关电位的影响

目的 探讨听障儿童单侧耳植入人工耳蜗(cochlear implant,CI)后对侧耳联合使用助听器(hearing aid,HA)的双模式助听策略对事件相关电位P300的影响.方法 研究对象共52人,设实验组(人工耳蜗植入儿童)3组、听力正常对照组1组,每组13人,按实验设计步骤随机测试.按对侧耳配戴HA的不同将人工耳蜗植入儿童分为A(CI+模拟HA)、B(CI+数字HA,未优化)和C(CI+数字HA,优化)3组,评估实验对象术后左右耳的残余听力,分别设置和优化CI及HA的技术参数并在声场中评估其助听后的音频感知情况,测试并比较各组的P300潜伏期及振幅.结果 3组患者术后双耳均有残余听力,助听后组间比较无差别(P>0.05).P300潜伏期比较A组>B组>C组(P<0.05),A、B两组P300潜伏期比对照组延长(P<0.05),C组与对照组比较无差别(P>0.05);P300振幅A组和B组与对照组比较均无意义(P>0.05),C组P300振幅低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 大部分听障儿童一侧耳植入人工耳蜗后对侧耳仍有可利用的残余听力,可以联合配戴适合的全数字编程助听器,大脑听觉中枢可以整合声电双模式助听设备上传的听觉信息.     

Influence of cochlear implantation on the vestibular function

The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of cochlear implantation on vestibular function. The function of the horizontal semicircular canal, the saccular function, and the incidence of vestibular symptoms were assessed before and after cochlear implantation. Twenty unilaterally cochlear implant patients were evaluated preoperatively, 1 and 6 months postoperatively, with caloric testing with electronystagmography (ENG) recordings and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) testing. A medical history was taken from every subject, noting the presence or absence of vertigo before and after the operation. A possible correlation between the appearance of postoperative vertigo and age, sex, implant side, preoperative caloric results and VEMP status, and postoperatively recorded changes in caloric and VEMP testing was also investigated. A statistically significant difference was found in the percentages of canal paresis (p = 0.01) and the percentages of VEMP waveform absence (p = 0.002) between the repeated measurements in the implanted side, whereas in the non-implanted side no difference was (p > 0.05) found. Four patients complained of postoperative vestibular symptoms. In three of them the symptoms lasted less than 6 months postoperatively, but the fourth patient was still dizzy 6 months after cochlear implantation. No correlation was found between the above-mentioned factors and the occurrence of postoperative vertigo. In conclusion, although changes of the peripheral vestibular function of the implanted side were recorded in our patients, permanent vertigo was rare. Predictive factors for the occurrence of postoperative vestibular symptoms could not be identified.     

Age-related differences in parameters of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials

Conclusions. The statistically significant correlations between vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) parameters and age may be due to hair cell loss of the otolith organ and/or to degenerative changes of the vestibular neural pathway. These findings indicate that age should be taken into account when interpreting VEMP results. It is also important to determine a standard method for performing VEMP and a universal index for comparison among laboratories. Objectives. VEMP, which measures the surface electric potential from the cervical muscle evoked by sufficiently loud sounds, is a useful tool to evaluate vestibule-colic reflex function. We have assayed the effect of age on VEMP results. Subjects and methods. After excluding subjects with a previous history of dizziness, middle ear pathology, or other inner ear symptoms, a total of 97 healthy volunteers (194ears) were included. All VEMP parameters were analyzed to find differences related to side and gender, as well as the relationship between age and each VEMP parameter. Results. Age was correlated with all VEMP parameters. Latency of p13, n23 showed a negative correlation and amplitude of p13-n23 showed a positive correlation with age. Differences between the right and left sides were not significant.     

Reproducibility (test–retest) of vestibular evoked myogenic potential

IntroductionThere is still no consensus in the literature as to the best acoustic stimulus for capturing vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP). Low-frequency tone bursts are generally more effective than high-frequency, but recent studies still use clicks. Reproducibility is an important analytical parameter to observe the reliability of responses.ObjectiveTo determine the reproducibility of p13 and n23 latency and amplitude of the VEMP for stimuli with different tone-burst frequencies, and to define the best test frequency.MethodsCross-sectional cohort study. VEMP was captured in 156 ears, on the sternocleidomastoid muscle, using 100 tone-burst stimuli at frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, and sound intensity of 95 dB nHL. Responses were replicated, that is, recorded three times on each side.ResultsNo significant difference was observed for p13 and n23 latencies of the VEMP, captured at three moments with tone-burst stimuli at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz. Only the frequency of 2000 Hz showed a difference between captures of this potential (p < 0.001). p13 and n23 amplitude analysis was also similar in the test–retest for all frequencies analyzed.Conclusionp13 and n23 latencies and amplitudes of VEMP for tone-burst stimuli at frequencies of 250, 500, and 1000 Hz are reproducible.     

气导声刺激前庭诱发肌源性电位在正常儿童中的表现

目的 探讨研究正常儿童中气导声刺激诱发的眼性前庭诱发肌源性电位(oVEMP)和颈性前庭肌源性诱发电位(cVEMP)的各项参数指标,并对正常值进行统计学处理分析。 方法 选择4~10岁听力正常健康儿童52例,以500 Hz短纯音作为刺激音,分别行 oVEMP和cVEMP检测,记录左、右耳引出率及波形参数,并采用SPSS统计软件进行统计学处理分析。 结果 双耳皆未引出oVEMP 2例,单耳可引出oVEMP4例,oVEMP总体引出率为92%。双耳皆未引出cVEMP 2例,cVEMP总体引出率为96%。oVEMP与cVEMP的P1潜伏期分别为(17.07±0.89)ms、(15.55±1.58)ms;N1潜伏期分别为(12.39±0.91)ms、(23.10±2.29)ms;N1P1间期分别为(4.68±0.88)ms、(7.83±1.56)ms;oVEMP与cVEMP的振幅分别为(7.24±4.79)μV、(197.40±118.37)μV。双耳间oVEMP及cVEMP振幅不对称比分别为(19.03±12.50)%、(22.16±18.64)%。患儿左右耳的潜伏期,P1N1间期及振幅差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 绝大部分正常儿童经气导声刺激可引出oVEMP与cVEMP。该检测患儿依从性高,可用来评估儿童前庭功能。此研究结果可为我国的儿童气导VEMP提供正常参考值范围。     

Development of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in preterm neonates

Our recent study successfully recorded vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) responses in full-term newborns. However, when VEMP responses are elicited in preterm neonates remains unclear. This study employed the VEMP test in 27 low-risk preterm and 25 healthy full-term neonates without sedation to investigate the development of VEMP response after birth. Fourteen (26%) of 54 ears in preterm neonates exhibited VEMP responses, a response rate significantly lower than that of full-term neonates (72%). The mean latencies of peaks p13 and n23 in the preterm group were significantly longer than those in the full-term group. Analysis of variable parameters for present VEMPs in pre- and full-term neonates revealed that the cutoff values of body weight were 2.26 and 2.82 kg, and that those of postmenstrual age were 37.1 and 38.4 weeks, respectively. Both body weight and postmenstrual age were significantly negatively correlated with p13 and n23 latencies but not with p13-n23 amplitude. In conclusion, present VEMPs can be anticipated when the body weight of pre- and full-term neonates reaches >2.26 and 2.82 kg, respectively. It indicates that the sacculocollic reflex develops in the same manner, but the difference in response rate between full- and pre-term neonates may, at least in part, correlate with muscle bulk and strength, relative to the body weight adequate for the VEMP response.