髌股疼痛综合征患者神经肌电活动比率与Merchant匹配角的相关性

目的:研究应用肌电生物反馈仪测量的髌股疼痛综合征(PFPS)患者的神经肌电活动比率与CT测量PFPS患者的髌骨倾斜角、Merchant匹配角的相关关系。方法:本实验收集山西大医院髌股疼痛综合征患者32例(其中女22例,男10例),应用肌电生物反馈治疗仪评定神经肌电活动比率[股内侧斜肌(VMO)/股外侧斜肌(VL)],行膝关节CT检查,测量患者髌骨倾斜角和Merchant匹配角。患者经肌电生物反馈疗法治疗5周后再次测量上述3个数值,并对数据进行统计分析。结果:32例PFPS患者治疗前CT图像Merchant匹配角和治疗前VMO/VL基线值之间的相关系数为-0.470(P<0.05),为中度相关关系,治疗前CT图像Merchant匹配角和治疗前VMO/VL动态值之间的相关系数为-0.447(P<0.05),为中度相关关系;治疗后CT图像Merchant匹配角与治疗后VMO/VL基线值之间的相关系数为-0.51(P<0.05),为中度相关关系,治疗后CT图像Merchant匹配角与治疗后VMO/VL动态值之间的相关系数为-0.604(P<0.05),为中度相关关系。32例PFPS患者治疗前、后CT髌骨倾斜角与治疗前、后VMO/VL基线值和动态值之间均无相关关系(P>0.05)。结论:应用肌电生物反馈仪测得的神经肌电活动比率可以反映髌骨移位的程度,但不能反映髌骨倾斜的程度,可以间接作为PFPS的诊断和疗效评价指标之一。     

髌股疼痛综合征患者股四头肌失衡程度评估及其与Q角的相关分析

目的:利用表面肌电图对髌股疼痛综合征(PFPS)患者股四头肌失衡程度进行评估,并对其与Q角的关系进行分析.方法:PFPS病例组及正常对照组各30人,分别进行Q角测量,同时在双足半蹲动作时检测股外侧肌(VL)及股内斜肌(VMO)表面肌电图(sEMG),分析股内、外侧肌时域指标,对Q角与VL/VMO肌电比值进行相关分析.结果:病例组VL、VMP时域指标ZCR、RMS、IEMG差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且VL较VMO高.Q角与VL/VMO肌电比值之间进行线性相关分析,Pearson相关系数为0.149(P＞ 0.05).结论:PFPS患者VL运动单位募集数量、活化程度要高于VMO.股四头肌失衡程度与Q角大小无明显相关.     

双足半蹲伴髋内收对髌股疼痛综合征股内斜肌的强化作用

目的采用表面肌电图(sEMG)评估髌股疼痛综合征（PFPS）患者的股四头肌失衡程度,观察PFPS患者各种表面肌电的特征及变化规律,并探讨髋内收对股内斜肌的针对性强化作用机制。 方法将PFPS患者60例按随机数字表法分为病例组和对照组,每组患者30例,分别在双足半蹲伴或不伴髋内收动作时检测股外侧肌(VL)及股内斜肌（VMO）表面肌电图,分析股内、外侧肌时域指标,比较其平衡关系。 结果双足半蹲不伴髋内收动作时,病例组VL的均方根振幅（RMS）和积分肌电值（IEMG）分别为（103.31±44.54）μV和（8.02±3.45）μVs,分别与组内VMO RMS的（85.02±41.19）μV和IEMG的（6.72±3.20）μVs比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。病例组不伴髋内收时VMO的RMS、IEMG与组内伴髋内收时VMO的RMS、IEMG比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论双足半蹲伴髋内收的动作可以优先强化VMO,使VL与VMO之间达到更好的平衡状态。     

髌股关节疼痛及其临床治疗的研究

概述过去十年作者在实验室进行有关髌股关节及髌股关节疼痛综合征(PFPS)的研究,研究了正常人髌股关节的几个指标及PFPS患者的康复成效。研究结果反映股内侧肌(VMO)对于控制髌股关节的压力分布所发挥的力学作用、下肢方位对促进VMO募集的影响,以及髌骨叩压、股四头肌的疲劳恢复与生物反馈辅助对PFPS康复治疗的作用。     

闭链与开链运动对髌股疼痛综合征股四头肌作用的表面肌电图研究

摘要 目的：利用表面肌电图(sEMG)对髌股疼痛综合征（patellofemoral pain syndrome, PFPS）患者双足半蹲伴或坐位伸膝动作下股四头肌进行评估,比较不同开链与闭链动作对股四头肌的作用差异。 方法：PFPS病例组及正常对照组各30例,分别在双足半蹲以及坐位伸膝动作时检测股外侧肌(vastus lateralis, VL)及股内斜肌（vastus medialis oblique, VMO）表面肌电图,分析时域、频域指标,比较其平衡关系。 结果：病例组双足半蹲动作与坐位伸膝动作时各肌电指标的VL/VMO比值在时域、频域指标均有显著性差异,在坐位单侧完全伸膝动作时VL/VMO肌电比值大于双足半蹲动作且>1。 结论：VL、VMO表面肌电指标在双足半蹲动作时较坐位单侧完全伸膝动作时更接近平衡,提示适当屈膝时的闭链运动能够更有选择性地激发VMO,这为PFPS的康复治疗的动作选择提供参考。     

太极拳特定动作下股内侧肌和股外侧肌表面肌电特征的研究

目的 研究太极拳特定动作中股内侧肌(VMO)和股外侧肌(VL)的肌纤维募集情况.方法 收集15名健康志愿者在维持5个太极拳定势(白鹤亮翅、金鸡独立、搂膝拗步、十字手、仆步)时VL、VMO的表面肌电信号,比较平均肌电值(AEMG)、平均功率频率(MPF)、中位频率(MF)、零点通过率(ZCR).结果 维持白鹤亮翅、金鸡独立时,其支撑脚VMO、VL的所有指标均无显著性差异;维持搂膝拗步、十字手、仆步时,其支撑脚VL的AEMG、MFC、ZCR、MF均小于VMO(P<0.05);与股四头肌的最大随意收缩负荷相比,所测试的动作下,肌肉负荷属于中小负荷,并且能募集到更多的慢肌纤维.结论 进行太极拳运动时,肌肉负荷较小,并且能募集到更多的慢肌纤维;某些太极拳动作下,VMO可以较多地募集到肌纤维.     

表面肌电图在评定髌股疼痛综合征患者髌骨动态稳定中的应用

目的利用自建表面肌电图的标准化测试分析髌股疼痛综合征（PFPS）患者股内侧肌（VM）与股外侧肌(VL)在控制髌骨运动中的变化特征。 方法选取PFPS患者7例（13个膝）作为病例组,另选健康志愿者10例（20个膝）作为对照组,并分别进行表面肌电图检查,测量蹲起运动VM和VL的平均波幅和峰值时限（TBP)。 结果PFPS组和对照组VM∶VL平均振幅比值分别为（0.97±0.31）和（1.09±0.36）,2组差异无统计学意义（P&rt;0.05）,2组下蹲时的平均比值（1.00±0.16）明显高于起立时的平均比值（0.83±0.15）（P<0.05）。在蹲起时PFPS组的TBPVM较TBPVL延迟（8.77%±5.12%）与对照组（-1.45%±4.02%）的比较有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论所用表面肌电图的标准化测试能发现本组PFPS患者下蹲时VM的峰值时限明显滞后于VL,可用于评定局部型PFPS患者术后或康复治疗前后的变化。     

表面肌电生物反馈与神经肌肉电刺激对脑卒中吞咽障碍疗效及生活质量的影响

目的：探讨表面肌电生物反馈（sEMGBF）与神经肌肉电刺激（NMES）联合基础吞咽训练对脑卒中吞咽障碍的疗效，以及对生活质量的影响。方法:将脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者120例随机分为3组，基础吞咽康复训练组（A组），神经肌肉电刺激联合吞咽康复训练组（B组），表面肌电生物反馈联合吞咽康复训练组（C组），每组40名患者。比较3组患者治疗前后洼田饮水试验分级和临床疗效，观察2组治疗前后表面肌电图（sEMG）检测结果［颏下肌群肌电信号（平均波幅、吞咽时限）］、吞咽功能［标准吞咽功能评定量表（SSA）］、生活质量［吞咽相关生活质量量表（SWAL-QOL）］变化情况。结果：与治疗前比较，3组患者治疗后洼田饮水试验分级均有所改善（P＜0.05），且B组、C组均优于A组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。C组治疗总有效率高于B组和A组（P＜0.05），B组高于A组（P＜0.05）。治疗3个月后，3组患者sEMG平均波幅、SWAL-QOL评分较治疗前升高，吞咽时限较治疗前缩短，SSA评分较治疗前降低，且组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；进一步两两比较，C组上述指标优于B组和A组，且B组优于A组（P＜0.05）。结论：表面肌电生物反馈与神经肌肉电刺激治疗均可显著改善脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能和生活质量，其中表面肌电生物反馈的疗效优于神经肌肉电刺激。     

表面肌电生物反馈训练在脑卒中足下垂患者功能训练中的应用

摘要 目的：观察体表肌电生物反馈训练对脑卒中足下垂患者身体平衡功能、步行能力及日常生活活动能力等康复指标的影响。 方法：20例脑卒中足下垂患者自愿参加本研究,将其随机分为A组（运动康复训练组）和B组（生物反馈运动训练组）,每组各10例。采用Carr-Shepherd平衡功能及步行能力量表来评定平衡功能及步行能力;日常生活活动能力用Barthel积分法评定;用ME6000型表面肌电仪来监测生物反馈运动训练。 结果：3个月治疗后,与治疗前相比,B组患者平衡功能及步行能力和日常生活活动能力均明显增强（P＜0.01）;与A组相比,B组在治疗1个月后,平衡功能、步行能力和日常生活活动能力均增强（P＜0.05）;治疗3个月后,上述指标均明显增强（P＜0.01）。 结论：3个月生物反馈训练对脑卒中足下垂患者身体平衡功能、步行能力和日常生活活动能力均有一定程度的提高,而且结合运动康复更促进了患者的康复过程。     

肌电生物反馈联合减重平板训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能的影响

目的观察胫前肌肌电生物反馈联合减重平板训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能的影响。 方法采用随机数字表法将72例脑卒中偏瘫患者分为常规康复组、减重训练组、肌电反馈组及联合治疗组。入选患者均给予常规康复训练,减重训练组在此基础上辅以减重平板训练,肌电反馈组则辅以胫前肌肌电生物反馈治疗,联合治疗组则在常规康复干预基础上辅以肌电生物反馈及减重平板训练。于入选时、治疗6周后记录各组患者静息状态及主动踝背伸状态时胫前肌和腓肠肌积分肌电值（iEMG）,并计算拮抗肌协同收缩率;同时采用简式Fugl-Meyer量表(FMA)、通用量角器对各组患者下肢运动功能及踝关节活动度进行评定。 结果入选时各组患者胫前肌、腓肠肌iEMG组间差异均无统计学意义（P&rt;0.05）;分别经6周治疗后,发现与治疗前及常规康复组比较,减重训练组、肌电反馈组及联合治疗组下肢FMA评分、踝关节活动度及踝背伸时胫前肌iEMG均明显提高,协同收缩率则明显降低（P<0.05）;并且联合治疗组患者下肢FMA评分［(30.4±2.8)分］、踝关节活动度［(15.3±3.0)°］及踝背伸时胫前肌iEMG［(114.0±27.0)mVs］、协同收缩率［(0.07±0.05)%］亦显著优于减重训练组及肌电反馈组（P<0.05）。 结论肌电生物反馈联合减重平板训练对改善脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动功能具有协同作用,能进一步增强患者下肢肌力、改善协同收缩率、提高康复疗效,该联合疗法值得临床推广、应用。     

Vastus medialis obliquus and vastus lateralis activity in open and closed kinetic chain exercises in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: an electromyographic study

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the electromyographic activities of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles in open and closed kinetic chain exercises in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). DESIGN: Case-controlled study. SETTING: Rehabilitation science center in a tertiary medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Ten patients with bilateral knee pain diagnosed with PFPS and 10 healthy volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects performed open kinetic chain exercise on an isokinetic dynamometer and closed kinetic chain exercise by squat-to-stand and stand-to-squat tasks. Surface electromyography was done for the VMO and VL muscles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: VMO/VL ratios were calculated after normalization of muscle activities. RESULTS: The VMO/VL ratios of PFPS subjects were significantly lower than were those of unimpaired subjects during knee isokinetic closed kinetic chain exercises (p = .047). However, there was no statistical difference in VMO/VL ratio between subjects with and without PFPS during closed kinetic chain exercises (p = .623). Maximum VMO/VL ratio was obtained at 60 degrees knee flexion in closed kinetic chain exercise. CONCLUSION: In closed kinetic chain exercises, more selective VMO activation can be obtained at 60 degrees knee flexion. Maximal VMO/VL ratio was observed at this knee flexion angle, and muscle contraction intensity was also greatest.     

Delayed onset of electromyographic activity of vastus medialis obliquus relative to vastus lateralis in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether electromyographic (EMG) onsets of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) are altered in the presence of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) during the functional task of stair stepping. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: University laboratory. PATIENTS: Thirty-three subjects with PFPS and 33 asymptomatic controls. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects ascended and descended a set of stairs-2 steps, each 20-cm high-at usual stair-stepping pace. EMG readings of VMO and VL taken on middle stair during step up (concentric contraction) and step down (eccentric contraction). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative difference in onset of surface EMG activity of VMO compared with VL during a stair-stepping task. EMG onsets were determined by using a computer algorithm and were verified visually. RESULTS: In the PFPS population, the EMG onset of VL occurred before that of VMO in both the step up and step down phases of the stair-stepping task (p <.05). In contrast, no such differences occurred in the onsets of EMG activity of VMO and VL in either phase of the task for the control subjects. CONCLUSION: This finding supports the hypothesized relationship between changes in the timing of activity of the vastimuscles and PFPS. This finding provides theoretical rationale to support physiotherapy treatment commonly used in the management of PFPS.     

Electromyographic fatigue characteristics of the quadriceps in patellofemoral pain syndrome

This study compared the fatigue characteristics of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles. Ten healthy subjects with 10 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) performed an isometric leg press for 60 seconds at 60% MVIC with data collected using surface EMG. The power spectrum was analyzed and the extracted median frequency normalised to calculate a linear regression slope for each muscle. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant differences, neither between the groups (P=0.592) nor the muscles (P=0.434). However, the slopes for the VMO and VL were different between the two groups with similar slopes for the RF. There was much larger variability of MF values in the PFPS group. The VMO:VL ratio calculated from these slopes for the healthy subjects was 1.17 and for the PFPS group was 1.78. These results may indicate unusual features in the fatigue indices of the quadriceps in PFPS.     

Contribution of components of the quadriceps femoris muscle for producing external torque in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

IntroductionDifferent muscular activities of the quadriceps components for producing necessary torque may change in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). The aim of the current study, therefore, was to assess the contribution of each component of the quadriceps femoris muscle for producing external torque in patients with PFPS.MethodTwelve females with PFPS (24.7 ± 2.3 years) and twelve healthy matched females (25.4 ± 2.4 years) performed three consecutive knee flexion and extension movements with maximum effort at 45°/s and 300°/s using a Biodex system 3 dynamometer. Simultaneously, electromyographic (EMG) activities of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), RF (rectus femoris) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles were recorded using a DataLog instrument. Standard multiple regressions were used to assess the ability of EMG activities of the VMO, RF and VL muscles to predict normalized quadriceps femoris isokinetic concentric and eccentric torques at 45°/s and 300°/s in the normal and patient groups.ResultsIn the normal group, the VL and the VMO were the good predictors of quadriceps concentric torque at 45°/s and 300°/s, respectively. The VL and the RF were the good predictors of quadriceps eccentric torque at 300°/s in the patient group. No other conditions showed a considerable prediction for quadriceps torque in the normal or patient group.ConclusionFemales with PFPS differ with normal females in terms of the contribution of each component of the quadriceps femoris for producing external torque. Training the VMO for concentric contraction at both high and low velocities should be included in the management of the patients with PFPS.     

Outcomes of a weight-bearing rehabilitation program for patients diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a weight-bearing rehabilitation program on quadriceps and gluteus medius electromyographic activity, pain, and function in subjects diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). DESIGN: Pretest and posttest 6-week intervention study. SETTING: Musculoskeletal research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen subjects diagnosed with PFPS and 14 healthy control subjects volunteered to participate in this study. No subjects withdrew from the study because of adverse effects. INTERVENTION: Subjects diagnosed with PFPS participated in a 6-week rehabilitation program. The rehabilitation program consisted of weight-bearing exercises that focused on strengthening the quadriceps and hip abductor musculature. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Electromyographic onsets of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis and onset and duration of the gluteus medius were collected during a stair-stepping task that was performed during the pretest and posttest. A visual analog scale (VAS) and Functional Index Questionnaire (FIQ) were administered at pretest and posttest and each week of the intervention. RESULTS: Vastus lateralis and VMO onset timing differences (vastus lateralis electromyographic onset minus VMO electromyographic onset) and VAS and FIQ scores significantly improved for patients diagnosed with PFPS. Vastus lateralis and VMO onset timing in the PFPS group were significantly different from those in the control group at baseline and were not significantly different from the control group after the intervention. We did not find differences in gluteus medius onsets or duration of activity. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects diagnosed with PFPS responded favorably and quickly to a therapeutic exercise program that incorporated quadriceps and hip musculature strengthening. The efficacy of the therapeutic exercise program used in this study should be further investigated in a larger subject population.     

Effect of Weight-bearing Therapeutic Exercise on the Q-angle and Muscle Activity Onset Times of Elite Athletes with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a weight-bearing therapeutic exercise program for elite athletes diagnosed as having patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). [Subjects] The subjects were 34 elite athletes from the Seoul T Center. They were randomly allocated to three groups: an elastic band exercise group (EBG), a sling exercise group (SEG), or a control group (CG). [Methods] Therapeutic exercises were performed 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The visual analogue scale (VAS) hamstring length, and static and dynamic Q angles were used to test the exercise effect of the exercises, as well as the onset time of electromyographic activity of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL). [Results] Decrease of the dynamic Q-angle in EBG was significant and significantly greater than that in CG. The decrease in VAS in SEG was significant and significantly greater than that in CG. There were significant differences in the VL and VMO activity onset times in SEG between pre- and post-test, and their differences between pre- and post-test were also significantly different. [Conclusion] Weight-bearing therapeutic exercise is hoped that clinicians will use this information for better implementation of effective exercise methods for elite athletes with PFPS.Key words: Electromyographic onset time, Patellofemoral pain syndrome, Q-angle     

Comparison of vastus medialis obliquus: vastus lateralis muscle integrated electromyographic ratios between healthy subjects and patients with patellofemoral pain

The purpose of this study was to compare vastus medialis obliquus:vastus lateralis muscle (VMO:VL) integrated electromyographic (IEMG) ratios of healthy subjects and patients with unilateral patellofemoral pain (PFP) under isotonic and isometric quadriceps femoris muscle contraction conditions. Subjects ranging in age from 18 to 35 years (mean = 28.06, SD = 5.97) were assigned to one of three groups on the basis of type of knee condition. In group 1, which consisted of seven healthy control subjects with no history of knee pathology, both knees were tested. In group 2, which consisted of nine patients with unilateral PFP, only the painful knee was tested. In group 3, which consisted of the same nine patients who comprised group 2, only the nonpainful knee was tested. Nonnormalized and normalized VMO:VL IEMG ratios were computed for ascending stairs, descending stairs, submaximal isometric contraction, and maximal isometric contraction (nonnormalized only). A two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures indicated VMO:VL ratios for isotonic stair-climbing activities were significantly greater than VMO:VL ratios for isometric contractions. Nonnormalized VMO:VL ratios in group 1 were significantly greater than nonnormalized VMO:VL ratios in the other two groups. Patients with PFP may have abnormal VMO:VL activation patterns, and isotonic quadriceps femoris muscle exercise may elicit more favorable muscle activation patterns than isometric exercise for patients with PFP.     

Activation of vastus medialis oblique is not delayed in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee compared to asymptomatic participants during open kinetic chain activities

This study investigated whether the onset of electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus medialis oblique (VMO) was delayed relative to that of vastus lateralis (VL) in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee compared to asymptomatic participants during open kinetic chain activities. An exploratory observational cross sectional study was carried out. Two groups were tested, symptomatic OA knee patients, diagnosed by an orthopaedic surgeon, (n=17), mean (SD) age 66.0 (7.6) years, and asymptomatic participants (n=17), 56.7 (8.6) years. Surface EMG activity of VMO and VL was measured, during concentric contractions extending the knee from 90 degrees flexion, and during maximal voluntary isometric contractions at 60 degrees knee flexion. The EMG onset times of VMO and VL were determined visually and by algorithm. The onset timing difference (OTD) between the two muscles was calculated for each subject, by subtracting the onset time of VL from VMO. Mann-Whitney U-tests revealed that the OTD between VMO and VL was not significantly different between the groups during either contraction type (both p>0.05). The results of this exploratory study may have implications for rehabilitation programmes aimed at developing preferential activation of VMO compared to VL in OA knee patients.