CT引导下射频消融治疗肺部恶性肿瘤的疗效评价

目的探讨CT引导下肺恶性肿瘤射频消融后的影像学表现、临床疗效及安全性。方法对32例患者共39个肺部肿瘤病灶行CT引导下射频消融,直至即时CT影像上出现磨玻璃影覆盖病灶周围;术后1个月进行复查,其后每3个月随访,并评估影像学上消融灶变化。结果射频消融过程均顺利,无严重的治疗相关性并发症;病灶完全消融率89.19%(33/37),不完全消融率10.81%(4/37);术后1个月消融灶多表现为空洞样或结节样,长期随访中,完全消融的病灶多呈缩小趋势,而不完全消融的4个病灶均出现复发。中位总生存期为21.0月,中位无进展生存时间为17.3个月,中位疾病进展时间为18.0个月。结论 CT引导下射频消融治疗肺部恶性肿瘤安全性好,且病灶控制率高。     

增强CT引导全身麻醉下射频消融治疗肾上腺转移瘤

目的评估增强CT引导结合全身麻醉监控下射频消融治疗肾上腺转移瘤的疗效和安全性。方法在增强CT引导结合全身麻醉监控下对46例(52个病灶)肾上腺转移瘤患者进行射频消融治疗,评估技术成功率、肿瘤残余率、肿瘤复发率及并发症发生情况。结果 1例(1个病灶)因严重并发症终止消融治疗。41个病灶射频消融成功,技术成功率为80.39%(41/51),10个病灶局部残余,局部残余率为19.61%(10/51)。病灶最大径≥3cm与3cm射频消融后的局部残余率差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。严重并发症发生率4.35%(2/46),轻微并发症发生率34.78%(16/46),最常见的术中并发症为高血压危象(10/46,21.74%)。8个病灶在3~24个月[平均(11.52±7.33)个月]内复发,复发率为19.51%(8/41),其中7个再次接受消融治疗未复发,总的肿瘤局部控制率为76.92%(40/52)。结论增强CT引导结合全身麻醉监控下经皮射频消融能安全、有效地控制肾上腺转移瘤的局部进展。     

CT引导下经皮微波消融治疗老年患者周围型非小细胞肺癌

目的 观察CT引导下经皮微波消融治疗（PMCT）对老年周围型非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性分析接受CT引导下PMCT治疗的34例老年周围型NSCLC患者,其中肿瘤直径≤3 cm（小病灶）16例,3 cm<直径≤5 cm（中病灶）11例,>5 cm（大病灶）7例。术后随访,分别于3、6、12、24个月采用改良实体瘤疗效评价标准（mRECIST）评估疗效,并统计生存率。结果 对34例患者的34个肺内病灶均消融完全,术中及术后均未见严重并发症。术后3、6、12及24个月累计疾病控制率（DCR）分别为100%（34/34）、97.06%（33/34）、91.18%（31/34）及85.29%（29/34）;术后6、12及24个月生存率分别为100%（34/34）、94.12%（32/34）及85.29%（29/34）。术后24个月,小、中、大病灶患者累计DCR分别为100%（16/16）、81.82%（9/11）及57.14%（4/7）,生存率分别100%（16/16）、90.91%（10/11）和42.86%（3/7）,小、中病灶患者累计DCR及生存率均高于大病灶患者（P均<0.05）。结论 CT引导下PMCT治疗老年患者周围型NSCLC疗效确切,安全性高。     

CT引导下经皮复合式冷冻消融治疗肺恶性肿瘤的有效性及安全性

目的 观察CT引导下经皮复合式冷冻消融治疗肺恶性肿瘤的有效性和安全性。方法 回顾性分析22例接受CT引导下经皮冷热交替复合式冷冻消融治疗肺恶性肿瘤患者,根据病灶大小、形态及部位分为根治性消融（15例）及姑息性消融（7例）,观察术中及术后4周内不良反应及并发症;于术后1、3、6个月复查胸部增强CT,以改良实体瘤疗效评价标准（mRECIST）评价疗效。结果 22例均顺利完成消融,术中无明显不良反应。6例术中及术后即刻出现少量气胸或液气胸,未经干预自行改善;2例术中局部皮肤轻度冻伤,予局部处理后缓解;1例术后1周出现大量气胸,给予胸腔闭式引流后恢复;无其他并发症。15例根治性消融术后1、3、6个月完全缓解分别为14例（14/15,93.33%）、14例（14/15,93.33%）及13例（13/15,86.67%）;7例姑息性消融术后1、3、6个月局部缓解分别为7例（7/7,100%）、6例（6/7,85.71%）及4例（4/7,57.14%）。结论 CT引导下冷热交替复合式冷冻消融治疗肺恶性肿瘤短期效果确切、安全可控。     

CT引导下肺结节热消融联合术中即时活检的可行性

目的 观察CT引导下热消融肺结节联合术中即时活检的可行性。方法 回顾性分析331例接受CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检和/或热消融肺结节患者的资料,共373个病灶。其中102例（102个病灶）仅接受CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检（单纯活检组）,132例（174个病灶）仅接受CT引导下热消融（单纯消融组）,97例（97个病灶）接受CT引导下热消融联合术中即时活检（消融联合活检组）。计算技术成功率,记录并发症;评价活检标本病理诊断阳性率（所取组织标本可获得明确病理诊断判定为阳性）及基因检测标本质量。结果 对331例均顺利完成操作,技术成功率为100%（331/331）。单纯活检组术后6例（6/102,5.88%）咯血,单纯消融组及消融联合活检组术中及术后均未见咯血。单纯活检组5例、单纯消融组11例、消融联合活检组13例发生气胸,3组间差异无统计学意义（P=0.10）;均予CT引导下经皮置管引流。单纯活检组活检组织病理诊断阳性率为73.53%（75/102）,消融联合活检组为82.47%（80/97）,组间差异无统计学意义（P=0.13）。消融联合活检组共16例接受基因检测分析,活检组织标本均达到质控合格标准。结论 CT引导下热消融肺结节联合术中活检可行,可降低出血发生风险,且能满足病理检查及基因检测要求。     

CT引导下微波消融治疗肝脏腺瘤

<正>肝腺瘤是一种少见肝脏良性肿瘤,病因尚未完全明确,主要见于长期口服避孕药的育龄期女性以及部分服用类固醇激素的男性和糖原累积症患者。目前仍以手术切除为首选治疗方式,但随着微创理念的不断发展,微创介入治疗成为肝腺瘤的治疗方法之一[1]。微波消融以其消融范围广、可在较短的时间内彻底杀伤肿瘤细胞等优势,已广泛应用于肝脏恶性肿瘤的治疗,但微波消融治疗肝腺瘤鲜有报道。本研究旨在对CT引导下微波消融治疗肝腺瘤的安全性以及有效性     

CT引导下射频消融肺结节联合术中穿刺活检的临床应用及预防出血措施

目的观察CT引导下射频消融(RFA)肺结节联合术中穿刺活检的应用效果,讨论预防出血措施。方法回顾性分析75例接受CT引导下RFA联合经皮穿刺活检肺结节患者,共75个病灶,直径均≤3 cm,包括实性结节46个、磨玻璃结节(GGN)29个;其中55例接受RFA术前活检(术前活检组)、20例接受术中活检(术中活检组),比较2组活检后即刻CT所示出血面积最大径增加值及术后24 h内咳血、气胸发生率。结果2组均顺利完成病理取材及RFA治疗。术前活检组、术中活检组术后即刻CT示出血面积最大径增加值分别为(1.56±1.30)cm及(0.56±0.50)cm(P<0.01),其中的GGN病灶分别为(1.49±1.33)cm和(0.56±0.43)cm(P=0.02)。术后24 h内术前活检组9例出现咳血、6例气胸;术中活检组无咳血,3例发生气胸。结论CT引导下RFA治疗肺结节联合术中穿刺活检安全、可行。     

MSCT引导下冷极射频消融治疗难治性恶性肿瘤的应用价值

目的探讨在MSCT引导下经皮穿刺冷极射频消融治疗难治性恶性肿瘤的安全性、疗效及其应用价值。方法76例恶性肿瘤84个瘤灶，瘤体直径3．0～15．0cm，平均8．5cm。根据消融术前MSCT图像制定治疗计划，在MSCT引导下经皮穿刺准确将针型电极插入肿瘤预定位置进行热消融，消融温度58～90℃，治疗时间15～120min。术后2h复查，观察有无急性并发症。术后1个月和每3个月CT复查观察肿瘤有无残留和复发，必要时可多次治疗。通过影像学评估消融的疗效，并统计生存期。结果76例恶性肿瘤84个瘤灶在MSCT引导下消融针均准确插入肿瘤预定位置并顺利完成热消融过程，未见严重并发症。术后1个月复查，84个瘤灶完全坏死15个；不完全坏死和部分坏死45个，总有效率71．43％（60／84）。治疗后生存率随访：6个月90．79％，12个月63．16％，18个月36．84％，24个月14．47％。结论在MSCT引导下经皮穿刺冷极射频消融技术是一种创伤小、易耐受、安全有效的治疗难治性恶性肿瘤的方法。     

射频消融治疗小肝癌的螺旋CT随访观察

目的 探讨螺旋CT评价小肝癌射频消融术的疗效及随访过程的价值。方法对28例小肝癌患者行RFA治疗,分别于治疗后1个月、3个月及6个月行螺旋CT随访。结果术后1个月CT显示25例肿瘤完全坏死,其中19例肝动脉期与门静脉期均无强化,6例动脉期边缘薄环状强化;3例发现肿瘤残留表现为动脉期边缘结节状强化。25例肿瘤完全坏死者术后3个月及6个月CT随访示毁损灶较术后1个月缩小,无强化,其中2例术后6个月发现肝内异位复发。结论射频消融是小肝癌一种有效的治疗方法,螺旋CT双期增强扫描是评价其疗效及随访的有效影像检查手段。     

CT引导下射频消融术治疗肺转移瘤

目的探讨CT引导下射频消融术(RFA)治疗肺转移瘤的应用价值。方法对102例患者128个肺部转移性病灶行CT引导下RFA,消融功率范围40～80 W,消融时间12～25 min;术后以CT随访评估疗效。结果对所有患者均成功实施RFA。治疗后完全消融病灶120个,CT复查显示病灶无强化,边缘清晰,体积呈不同程度渐进性缩小,呈纤维条索状、结节状、空洞状等改变。术后3个月复查8个病灶可见边缘结节状强化,即刻行2次RFA消融术,术后复查其中7个病灶完全灭活,1个仍有增大趋势,行放射性粒子植入术控制病灶。术后6例出现中、大量气胸,予以胸腔闭式引流;少量气胸12例,发热12例,对症处理后均好转;无严重并发症发生。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺RFA治疗肺转移瘤安全、有效,具有高度临床应用价值。     

Learning Curve for Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Pulmonary Metastases From Colorectal Carcinoma: A Prospective Study of 70 Consecutive Cases

Background Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for inoperable colorectal pulmonary metastases is associated with a morbidity rate of 30% to 40%. A learning curve in this treatment approach has not been documented before.Methods The clinical and treatment-related data regarding 70 consecutive percutaneous RFA procedures for inoperable colorectal pulmonary metastases were collected prospectively. A comparison between the initial 35 cases (group 1) and the subsequent 35 cases (group 2) was performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the significant risk factors for overall morbidity, pneumothorax, and chest drain requirement.Results There was no hospital mortality. The overall morbidity rate was 37%. The rate of pneumothorax was 27%. Twelve patients (17%) required chest drain insertion for pneumothorax. There was a significant decline in the incidence of overall morbidity, pneumothorax, and chest drain requirement in group 2 as compared with group 1. Both the number of lung metastases ablated and the RFA treatment period (group 1 vs. group 2) were independent risk factors for overall morbidity, pneumothorax, and chest drain requirement. Distribution of lung metastases (unilateral vs. bilateral) was an independent risk factor for overall morbidity and pneumothorax, but not for chest drain requirement.Conclusions There is a learning curve for percutaneous lung RFA. With accumulated experience in this procedure, a low morbidity rate can be achieved.     

A Systematic Review of Radiofrequency Ablation for Lung Tumors

Background Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been increasingly utilized as a non-surgical treatment option for patients with primary and metastatic lung tumors. We performed the present systematic review to assess the safety and efficacy of RFA. Methods Searches for all relevant studies prior to November 2006 were performed on six databases. Two reviewers independently appraised each study using predetermined criteria. Clinical effectiveness was synthesized through a narrative review, with full tabulation of results of all included studies. Results A total of 17 of the most recent updates from each institution were included for appraisal and data extraction. All were case series and were classified as level-4 evidence. The mean number of lesions treated ranged from 1 to 2.8, and the mean size ranged from 1.7 cm to 5.2 cm. The overall procedure-related morbidity rate ranged from 15.2% to 55.6% and mortality from 0% to 5.6%. The most commonly reported complication was pneumothorax (4.5–61.1%). Most pneumothoraces were self-limiting and only 3.3–38.9% (median = 11%) required chest drain insertion. The local recurrence of tumors at the site of RFA ranged from 3% to 38.1% (median = 11.2%). The median progression-free interval ranged from 15 months to 26.7 months (median = 21 months), and 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates were 63–85%, 55–65% and 15–46%, respectively. Conclusions Only observational studies were available for evaluation, which demonstrated some promising safety profiles of RFA. There were no conflicts of interest.     

PET/CT图像辅助CT引导下肺部病变穿刺活检

目的评价PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下肺部病变穿刺活检技术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析38例接受18F—FDGPET／CT全身显像,并在15日内接受PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下穿刺活检的肺部病变患者的资料,探讨肺部病变的PET／CT图像特点,并以术后病理或临床随访结果为标准,计算活检诊断的准确率、敏感度、特异度、假阴性率及主要并发症发生情况。结果PET／CT示22例病灶代谢均匀,16例不均匀。PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下穿刺活检取材成功率为94．74％（36／38）,真阳性35例,真阴性1例,假阴性2例,无假阳性病例;诊断准确率为94．74％（36／38）、敏感度为94．59％（35／37）、特异度为100％（1／1）、假阴性率为5．41％（2／37）。穿刺后主要并发症包括气胸3例,咯少量鲜血1例,针道出血4例,胸部疼痛4例。结论PET／CT图像辅助CT引导下肺部病变穿刺活检术能降低假阴性率,相对安全、高效。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺射频消融术治疗脊柱骨样骨瘤3例报告

目的评价CT引导下经皮穿刺射频消融术治疗脊柱骨样骨瘤的临床效果。方法 3例脊柱骨样骨瘤,分别位于颈椎、腰椎和骶椎,肿瘤边缘紧邻脊髓或神经。局部麻醉后,CT引导下经皮穿刺将射频电极置入骨样骨瘤中心,应用90℃的射频高温持续4 min对瘤巢进行损毁。结果术中及术后无明显并发症发生。术后分别随访2、6、7个月（平均5个月）,疼痛缓解满意,3例VAS评分分别下降了6、8、8分,随访期内疼痛无复发,无神经功能损害。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺射频消融术治疗脊柱骨样骨瘤微创、安全,患者耐受性好,近期效果确切。     

Treatment of Renal Tumors by Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation Using a Multitined Electrode: Effectiveness and Complications

Background

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally aggressive, therapeutic alternative for renal tumors. It can be an alternative to nephrectomy in patients with previous nephrectomy, bilateral tumors, von Hippel-Lindau disease, or small renal carcinomas and in those with contraindications for surgery.

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of the treatment of renal tumors by RFA in the short and medium term and to identify the possible complications and the factors that determine therapeutic success.

Design, setting, and participants

A retrospective review of patients with renal tumors treated with RFA between May 2005 and December 2008 was performed in a tertiary academic hospital. Patients were selected among those with previous nephrectomy, bilateral neoplasms, von Hippel-Lindau disease, surgical risk, comorbidity, advanced age, or patient's refusal to surgery. Tumors with evidence of extrarenal extension were excluded. Patients were followed up for 10–50 mo using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Intervention

Ultrasound-guided RFA was performed on 65 tumors (range: 1.2–5.3 cm) of 58 patients using multitined electrodes.

Measurements

Incomplete ablation rate, therapeutic success rate, and complications rate.

Results and limitations

Therapeutic success was achieved in 59 of 65 tumors (91%): 53 in a single session, 5 in two sessions, and 1 in three sessions. A significant relationship was observed between size and growth pattern of the tumor and both therapeutic success and incomplete ablation rates. Therapeutic success in tumors >5 cm was 60%. Complications were detected in 10 patients (13%); 5% were considered major complications.Limitations include the lack of pathologic studies to confirm a complete ablation and the lack of a control group to compare with the results of those who underwent nephrectomy.

Conclusions

RFA is safe and effective in renal tumors. Corticomedullary lesions and tumors >3 cm have greater possibility of incomplete ablation. In tumors >5 cm, RFA has a significant failure rate.     

CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术应用于肺门肿块的并发症分析

目的探讨对肺门肿块行CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术的并发症和防治措施。方法回顾性分析2006年9月2011年7月105例肺门肿块（直径〈4cm）患者的资料,选择合适的穿刺点、进针角度和深度行CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术,获取组织送病理细胞学检查,并分析并发症的情况。结果105例肺门肿块均成功穿刺,确诊为恶性肿瘤94例,非特异性炎性病变8例,肺结核3例。穿刺活检术后发生气胸18例（仅3例需行胸腔闭式引流术）,肺内血肿15例,咯血13例,胸膜反应2例,肺部感染1例,未出现严重并发症。结论选择合适的肺门肿块行CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术是相对安全的,通过提高穿刺者的熟练程度和加强围手术期管理可以预防和减少并发症的发生。     

双部位CT引导下穿刺活检肺及其他部位共存病变

目的探讨同时对肺及其他部位共存病变行双部位CT引导下穿刺活检的临床意义。方法回顾性分析134例接受双部位CT引导下穿刺活检的临床疑似恶性肿瘤患者资料。依活检部位组合类型分为肺-肺、肺-淋巴结样结构、肺-骨、肺-远隔软组织4组。分析4组及肺内不同病变部位双部位活检病理的良恶性分布特点。结果肺-肺、肺-淋巴结样结构、肺-骨、肺-远隔软组织4组中,双部位均为恶性的比率分别为44.59%(33/74)、82.35%(14/17)、78.79%(26/33)、70.00%(7/10);肺内不同部位病变的良恶性分布差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.22,P=0.70)。结论对于肺及其他部位同时怀疑恶性病变的患者,CT引导下双部位穿刺活检在明确病变性质、指导临床决策等方面具有重要价值。     

The Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation for Bone Tumors Unsuitable for Radical Excision

BackgroundBone tumors can cause severe pain and poor quality of life due to recurrence and non-achievement of complete remission after surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be considered for minimally invasive treatment of bone tumors that are difficult to radically excise. In this study, RFA was performed for bone tumors that were difficult to radically excise and did not respond to surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy due to their large sizes and/or locations. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and survival rates of bone tumors after RFA and provide one more treatment option for the future.MethodsThere were 43 patients with bone tumors who underwent percutaneous RFA at our hospital from April 2007 to October 2017. The median age of the patients was 59 years (range, 31–75 years), and the median follow-up duration was 67.2 months (range, 10.2–130.5 months). Of the 43 patients, 26 were male and 17 were female. Thirty-four cases were metastatic bone tumors, 5 were chordomas, 3 were osteosarcomas, and 1 was a giant cell tumor. Pain and functional ability of the patients were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional scoring system, respectively. Scores were recorded preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and 4 weeks postoperatively. The 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year survival rates were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method.ResultsThe mean VAS score was 8.21 preoperatively. The mean VAS score at 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks postoperatively were 3.91, 3.67, 3.31, and 3.12, respectively. The mean preoperative MSTS score was 64.0% (range, 32%–87%). The mean postoperative MSTS score was 71.0% (range, 40%–90%). The 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year survival rates were 95.3%, 69.8%, and 30.2%, respectively.ConclusionsAs per our study findings, RFA was effective in reducing pain and improving functional ability of patients with bone tumors that were difficult to radically excise.     

兔肝VX2肿瘤RFA后残余瘤与 炎症的鉴别:CT与病理对照

目的通过CT扫描与病理对照,对兔肝VX2肿瘤RFA后残余瘤与炎症进行鉴别。方法兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融（RFA）后不同时期行CT及病理检查,观察RFA后不同时期的残余瘤与炎症的CT表现。结果CT增强扫描,残瘤与炎症均表现为周边强化带,炎症还表现为强化带外侧的肝组织由内向外逐渐减弱强化影,炎症的这种强化影于术后第2天最强,之后逐渐减弱,2周后基本消失。结论RFA后1周内,CT增强扫描尚不能准确分辨残瘤与炎症反应带;两周后低密度灶周边出现强化影应考虑为残余瘤存在。