IVF中拮抗剂方案促排联合GnRH-a扳机后的黄体支持

正自然周期中,黄体生成素(LH)峰触发排卵并促进黄体形成,由此卵泡期进入黄体期。黄体期,垂体脉冲式分泌LH刺激雌、孕激素的释放。胚胎着床后,胚胎开始逐渐释放人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)进入母体循环,hCG结构及生化作用与LH相似,两者共同维持黄体功能。直到妊娠7周左右,由胎盘代替黄体继续分泌雌、孕激素维持妊娠过程。体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)黄体期与自然周期大不相同。IVF周期中黄体功能不全,其原因可能为:1     

泌乳素水平与体外受精-胚胎移植助孕结果的关系

目的了解PRL水平与IVF-ET助孕结果的关系。方法回顾性分析本中心采用黄体中期长方案超排卵的87例第一次行IVF-ET助孕周期,且患者年龄≤35岁,根据助孕结果将患者分为妊娠组与未妊娠组,比较两组患者Gn启动日、注射绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）日、ET日、黄体期血中PRL水平是否有差别。结果两组患者（妊娠组54例、未妊娠组33例）在平均年龄、注射HCG日E2水平、获卵数、受精率、移植胚胎数方面比较差异无统计学意义;Gn启动日、注射HCG日、ET日、黄体期血中PRL水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 IVF-ET过程中PRL水平与妊娠结局无明显关联,没有必要在所有助孕患者中多次检测PRL水平。     

卵巢低反应者减量降调节并控制Gn启动剂量的体外受精结局

目的：探讨减量降调节并控制促性腺激素（Gn）启动剂量在卵巢低反应（POR）患者体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）中的应用效果。方法：本研究将2015年12月-2017年7月拟在广东省韶关市妇幼保健院生殖中心行IVF助孕的POR患者在黄体中期予1.0 mg促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRHa）降调节后,随机分为A、B组,选择不同Gn启动剂量（A组Gn启动剂量150～225 IU,B组Gn启动剂量300～450 IU）,对2组Gn总用量、Gn用药时间,人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）注射日雌二醇（E2）水平、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎数、可移植胚胎数、临床妊娠率等进行比较。结果：A组中获卵周期285个,B组中获卵周期292个,对获卵周期进行比较,A组较B组Gn用量减少（P＜0.05）,Gn天数长（P＜0.05）,hCG注射日E2水平低（P＜0.05）,获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎数、可移植胚胎数差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。A组临床妊娠率高于B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：POR患者应用长效长方案促排卵行IVF-ET助孕,减量降调节并控制Gn启动剂量,能够改善患者的助孕结局并降低患者的促排卵药物治疗费用。     

血清和卵泡液中睾酮水平与体外受精-胚胎移植结局的关系

目的：探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）治疗时血清和卵泡液中睾酮浓度与IVF-ET结局的关系。方法：选择2011年5—8月在成都中医药大学第二附属医院生殖中心接受IVF-ET或胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）-ET治疗的患者43例,检测患者基础血清及控制性超促排卵（COH）时血清和卵泡液中睾酮水平。①按获卵数分3组,低反应（L）组（1～5个）、正常反应（M）组（6～15个）、高反应（H）组（＞15个）,分析各组血清和卵泡液中睾酮浓度及各组受精率和妊娠率。②按临床妊娠情况分为妊娠组与未妊娠组,比较2组间睾酮的差异。结果：①不同获卵数3组间卵泡液中睾酮水平和基础睾酮水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）日3组血清睾酮水平比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其中H组高于M组及L组（P分别为0.010和0.001）;COH中其余时间点睾酮水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。②3组受精率、优质胚胎率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;临床妊娠率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。③妊娠组各阶段血清睾酮水平仅在取卵日时高于未妊娠组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2组卵泡液中睾酮差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：IVF-ET治疗时基础血清睾酮水平不能预测卵巢反应和妊娠结局,但hCG日睾酮水平可能预测卵巢反应;取卵日血清睾酮与妊娠有关;卵泡液中睾酮对妊娠结局无显著影响。     

卵巢低反应者减量降调节并控制Gn启动剂量的体外受精结局

目的:探讨减量降调节并控制促性腺激素(Gn)启动剂量在卵巢低反应(POR)患者体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中的应用效果。方法:本研究将2015年12月—2017年7月拟在广东省韶关市妇幼保健院生殖中心行IVF助孕的POR患者在黄体中期予1.0 mg促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHa)降调节后,随机分为A、B组,选择不同Gn启动剂量(A组Gn启动剂量150~225 IU,B组Gn启动剂量300~450 IU),对2组Gn总用量、Gn用药时间,人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)注射日雌二醇(E_2)水平、获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎数、可移植胚胎数、临床妊娠率等进行比较。结果:A组中获卵周期285个,B组中获卵周期292个,对获卵周期进行比较,A组较B组Gn用量减少(P0.05),Gn天数长(P0.05),hCG注射日E2水平低(P0.05),获卵数、受精率、优质胚胎数、可移植胚胎数差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组临床妊娠率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:POR患者应用长效长方案促排卵行IVF-ET助孕,减量降调节并控制Gn启动剂量,能够改善患者的助孕结局并降低患者的促排卵药物治疗费用。     

人卵泡液转化生长因子-α与体外受精-胚胎移植结局的研究

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中卵泡液转化生长因子-α(TGF-α)含量与IVF-ET结局的关系。方法:随机选择接受体外受精-胚胎移植技术治疗,采用黄体期长方案进行控制性超排卵临床妊娠病例73例,未妊娠57例,放免法检测取卵日收集的卵泡液中雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)和TGF-α水平,分析各项观察指标。结果:两组患者降调节剂量、降调节天数、促性腺激素(Gn)总量、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)注射日血清P水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);卵泡液TGF-α、E2含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但妊娠组呈增高趋势,卵泡液P值妊娠组显著低于未妊娠组(P<0.05);获卵率、MII卵率、受精率和卵裂率妊娠组高于未妊娠组(P<0.05)。结论:卵泡液中TGF-α能够协调卵泡液局部E2/P比值,从而获得高质量卵子,改善治疗结局。     

小剂量长效GnRH-a黄体中期卵巢刺激方案的临床效果分析

目的:探讨小剂量长效促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)黄体中期控制性卵巢刺激方案临床效果及对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的影响。方法:回顾性分析行IVF-ET治疗的患者资料,按照黄体中期使用的GnRH-a剂量不同分为两组,1组GnRH-a用量为1.25mg(1/3支),共154周期;2组GnRH-a用量为0.94mg(1/4支),共100周期,比较临床效果和IVF-ET结局。结果:两组对象卵巢刺激的时间及用药量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),启动日及人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)日卵泡?素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌激素(E2)、孕激素(P)等水平两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组启动日未达降调节标准比率差异有统计学意义(3.25%与10.00%,P<0.05),hCG日LH>5.0U/L的比率差异有统计学意义(1.95%与9.00%,P<0.05)。两组卵巢过度刺激综合征发生率差异无统计学意义(3.90%与7.00%,P>0.05);获卵数、优质胚胎率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),1组的正常受精率较2组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),移植周期妊娠率差异无统计学意义(57.33%与46.88%,P>0.05);胚胎种植率、早期流产率两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:1.25mg与0.94mg剂量GnRH-a在黄体中期控制性卵巢刺激方案中,可以得到几乎相同妊娠结局,对于卵巢正常反应的人群,1.25mg剂量的效果更好些。     

应用hCG日激素水平预判卵母细胞成熟度

目的:探讨体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)周期中人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)日血清黄体生成素(LH)、雌激素(E2)、孕激素(P)浓度,P/E2比值,每直径≥14 mm卵泡血清E2水平和每卵泡血清E2水平对所获卵母细胞成熟度的预溯价值.方法:回顾性分析2011年1月～2012年12月于广州医科大学附属第三医院生殖医学中心行卵胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)的1 013个周期.根据卵母细胞成熟度分为组1(成熟度≤30％)、组2(成熟度31％～50％)、组3(成熟度51％～70％)和组4(成熟度71％～100％).比较4组hCG日激素水平、≥14 mm卵泡数和获卵数.结果:在1 013个周期中,卵母细胞成熟度为81.82％,组1、组2、组3和组4分别为9个(0.89％)、39个(3.85％)、155个(15.30％)和810个(79.96％)周期.4组患者的年龄、不孕时间、使用促性腺激素(Gn)天数和Gn的用量比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).组1在hCG日≥14 mm的卵泡数、E2水平、P水平以及获卵数均显著低于组3和组4(P＜0.05).获卵数/≥14 mm卵泡数比值、LH水平、P/E2比值、E2/≥14 mm的卵泡数以及E2/获卵数的比值各组两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:仅采用hCG日激素水平预判卵母细胞成熟度不准确.hCG日≥14 mm卵泡数和获卵数少于10个应警惕发生卵母细胞成熟度低下.     

IVF-ET后妊娠丢失发生的相关因素分析

目的:综合分析体外受精—胚胎移植(invitro fertilization and embryotransfer,IVF-ET)后生化妊娠丢失及临床妊娠流产的影响因素。方法:收集2006～2008年行IVF-ET助孕治疗后妊娠的327例资料,根据其不同的妊娠结局分为A、B、C3组,对可能的影响因素进行回顾性分析,并比较3组在行IVF-ET治疗过程中的各种相关因素之间的差异。结果:单因素分析显示年龄、取卵日的子宫内膜厚度、HCG注射日的E2水平及有无排卵障碍在3组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05),Logis-tic回归分析表明年龄与妊娠成功率呈负相关,取卵日子宫内膜厚度及HCG注射日的E2水平与妊娠成功率呈正相关。结论:年龄、取卵日子宫内膜厚度、HCG注射日的E2水平是影响妊娠结局的主要因素,排卵障碍也是IVF-ET后导致不良妊娠结局的相关因素。     

早卵泡期长方案控制性促排卵E_2水平下降对IVF-ET助孕结局的影响

目的:探讨早卵泡期长方案控制性促排卵(COH)雌二醇(E_2)水平下降对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)的结局影响。方法:回顾性分析IVF-ET时COH过程中E_2水平下降(观察组289例)及E_2持续上升(对照组292例)患者的临床资料,分别按照E_2下降的原因及下降幅度分组,比较各组间的助孕结局。结果:IVF-ET治疗hCG日,E_2水平自发性下降组Gn减量下降组对照组,E_2下降的幅度、获卵数及2PN率自发性下降组低于Gn减量下降组(均P0.05);hCG日P水平、2PN卵裂率、优胚率、移植胚胎数、临床妊娠率及早期流产率在自发性下降组、减量下降组、对照组间比较无差异(P0.05)。hCG日E_2水平在E_2下降幅度20%组最低,对照组最高,下降幅度10%～20%组和20%组的获卵数低于下降幅度10%组及对照组(均P0.05),E_2下降幅度20%组2PN率及优胚率均低于其余各组(P0.05)。结论:早卵泡期长方案COH中E_2自发性下降及下降幅度20%可能会降低周期获卵数及优胚率,但未影响临床妊娠率。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.