阴性和阳性症状为主型精神分裂症患者脑部质子波谱与症状相关性

目的：比较阴性和阳性症状为主型精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑质子波谱及其与临床症状、执行功能的相关性方法：对61例阴性症状为主型精神分裂症患者（阴性组）和53例阳性症状为主型精神分裂症患者（阳性组）,在入组时应用抗精神病药治疗前与治疗后8周末,采用多体素磁共振质子波谱（1H-MRS）检测前额叶和丘脑N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸（NAA）与肌酸复合物（Cr）,计算NAA/Cr值;采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）和威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）评定临床症状和执行功能;进行两组1H-MRS、PANSS、WCST的比较与相关分析。结果：治疗前阴性组右侧丘脑NAA/Cr值（1.43±0.33）低于阳性组（1.58±0.35）,（t=2.35,P〈0.05）;治疗前阴性组分类数（1.68±0.54）低于阳性组（2.06±0.66）,（t=3.38,P〈0.01）,持续错误数（43.3±11.2）高于阳性组（31.8±9.22）,（t=5.95,P〈0.01）;治疗前阴性组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值与阴性症状分、持续错误数呈负相关（r=-0.35,P〈0.05）;（r=-0.36,P〈0.01）。治疗前后阴性组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值变化与阴性症状分变化、持续错误数变化呈负相关（r=-0.30,P〈0.05）;（r=-0.29,P〈0.05）,与分类数变化呈正相关（r=0.31,P〈0.05）。结论：不同亚型精神分裂症患者可能存在不同的神经生物学基础,阴性症状为主型精神分裂症患者左侧前额叶神经元的损害可能是引起阴性症状、执行功能障碍的生物学基础。     

精神分裂症患者脑部质子波谱特点及其与临床症状的关系

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者前额叶、丘脑氧质子磁共振波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)的特点及其与临床症状的关系.方法 本研究纳入7 d内未使用抗精神病药物及影响脑内乙酰胆碱神经递质药物的32例精神分裂症患者和36名正常对照,入组24 h内采用多体素1H-MRS检测受试者前额叶和丘脑生化代谢物N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr),并计算NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr和NAA/(Cho+Cr)的比值.患者组同时进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估.结果 患者组左侧前额叶及左右侧丘脑NAA/Cr值[分别为(1.30±0.39)、(1.53±0.36)和(1.47±0.35)]均低于对照组[分别为(1.74±0.24)、(1.73±0.25)和(1.74±0.31)],差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);患者组左侧前额叶NAA/(Cho+cr)值[(0.63±0.12)]低于对照组[(0.74±0.21)],差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).患者组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值与PANSS总分及阴性症状分呈负相关(r=-0.48,P＜0.01;r=-0.54,P＜0.01),右侧丘脑NAA/Cr值与阴性症状呈负相关(r=-0.44,P＜0.01).结论 精神分裂症患者前额叶及丘脑存在神经元功能和(或)结构异常,左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值可能作为反映精神分裂症患者阴性症状严重程度的参考指标.     

不同性别首发精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑质子波谱的比较研究

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑神经生化代谢物质的特点及其性别差异。方法纳入首发精神分裂症患者男性33例、女性31例以及男性正常对照30名、女性正常对照22名,采用多体素磁共振质子波谱(proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS)检测前额叶和丘脑N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr),完成NAA/Cr值、Cho/Cr值的计算。患者在抗精神病药物治疗8周末复查1H-MRS,治疗前后采用阳性与阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)评定临床症状和疗效。结果治疗前,男性患者组、女性患者组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值[(1.38±0.33)、(1.37±0.35)]、左侧丘脑NAA/Cr值[(1.47±0.35)、(1.45±0.38)]均分别低于同性别正常对照组[(1.61±0.38)、(1.63±0.37)和(1.71±0.38)、(1.72±0.39)],差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前与治疗后,男性与女性患者组之间1H-MRS各代谢指标的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),两组中NAA/Cr值、Cho/Cr值的治疗前后自身比较均无明显差异(P0.05)。男性患者组治疗前后左侧前额叶NAA/Cr变化值分别与PANSS总分及阴性症状因子分的变化值呈负相关(r=-0.39,P0.05;r=-0.43,P0.05)。结论未发现首发精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑代谢物存在明显的性别差异,但男性左侧前额叶NAA浓度的变化与阴性症状的变化可能有关。     

首发未用药精神分裂症患者脑内神经生化代谢物与认知功能的相关性

目的 探讨首发未经治疗的精神分裂症患者用药前脑内神经生化代谢物质的特点及其与 认知功能之间的相关性。方法 纳入首发未治精神分裂症患者33例（男性19例、女性14例）作为研究组, 对照组为符合纳入标准的健康成人33人（男性14名、女性19名）。采用单体素氢质子磁共振波谱（1H-MRS） 检测左侧前额叶和丘脑N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸（NAA）、胆碱复合物（Cho）、肌酸复合物（Cr）与磷酸化肌酸 复合物（Cr2）的水平,并计算NAA/Cr 值、Cho/Cr 值、Cr2/Cr 值、NAA/Cho 值。选取剑桥神经心理自动化成 套测试（CANTAB）中的图形识别记忆（PRM）延迟再识别正确率评定其认知功能。结果 研究组左侧前 额叶Cr2/Cr 值（1.15±0.87）高于对照组（0.72±0.46）,差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。左侧前额叶NAA/Cr 值、Cho/Cr 值、NAA/Cho 值以及丘脑NAA/Cr 值、Cho/Cr 值、Cr2/Cr 值、NAA/Cho 值与对照组比较差异均 无统计学意义（P ＞ 0.05）。CANTAB 认知测试中PRM 正确率,研究组为（82.81±15.44）% 低于对照组的 （95.20±6.26）%,差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）。Pearson 相关分析发现,研究组左侧前额叶Cho/Cr 值与 PRM 正确率呈负相关（r=-0.424,P ＜ 0.05）,NAA/Cho 值与PRM 正确率呈正相关（r=0.473,P ＜ 0.01）。研 究组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr 值、Cho/Cr 值与PANSS 总分呈正相关（r=0.538、0.450,P ＜ 0.01）。结论 首发 未治精神分裂症患者用药前存在认知功能缺陷,其左侧前额叶部分神经生化代谢物质神经元细胞膜磷 酸化水平在用药前就出现了异常。提示首发未治精神分裂症患者用药前的认知功能损害与前额叶神经 生化代谢功能异常存在一定的相关性。     

男性酒精依赖患者的威斯康星卡片分类测验及脑质子波谱动态研究

目的 通过磁共振质子波谱(1H-MRS)检测酒精依赖患者额叶代谢物质的变化,探讨酒精依赖所致认知障碍的神经生物学基础.方法 分别于戒酒前和戒酒1个月时应用1H-MRS技术,检测10例男性酒精依赖患者(患者组)的额叶氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)变化,并与10名正常对照者(对照组)进行比较;同时用威斯康星卡片分类测试(WCST)评定受试者的认知功能.结果 (1)戒酒前,患者组双侧前额叶灰质和白质NAA/Cr比值均低于对照组(P＜0.05),戒酒1个月时较戒酒前有好转(P=0.00),但仍低于对照组(P＜0.05);而Cho/Cr戒酒前后的差异元统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)患者组戒酒前WCST中的完成分类数[(0.70±1.06)个]和概念化水平[(16.29±10.27)%]低于戒酒1个月时[分别为(3.80±2.15)个,(52.32±20.81)%],而错误应答数[(83.60±10.80)个]和持续性错误[(34.80±16.94)个]高于戒酒1个月时[分别为(42.80±21.06)个,(21.70±11.39)个;P＜0.05].(3)患者组戒酒前后右侧灰质NAA/Cr变化与WCST完成分类数的变化相关(r=0.7002,P＜0.05).结论 长期饮酒可导致酒精依赖患者前额叶代谢物浓度改变;其认知功能的损害,可能与酒精对前额叶代谢物浓度的影响有关.     

精神分裂症患者质子磁共振波谱变化特点及与疗效、认知功能的相关分析

目的探讨不同疗效的精神分裂症患者前额叶、丘脑神经生化代谢物质的变化特点,及神经生化代谢物质与疗效和事件相关电位P300的相关性。方法对经非典型抗精神病药物治疗8周的171例精神分裂症患者,治疗前后分别采用多体素1H-MRS检测前额叶和丘脑N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr),计算NAA/Cr值、Cho/Cr值;运用事件相关电位P300(P300)评估认知功能。运用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定临床症状,以PANSS减分率评定疗效;根据PANSS减分率分为有效组(≥50%)、改善组(20%～49%)和无效组(<20%),比较不同疗效组上述脑代谢指标的变化。结果治疗后有效组(n=79)、改善组(n=71)和无效组(n=21)的左侧前额叶NAA/Cr变化值分别为(0.054±0.019)、(0.047±0.017)和(0.037±0.014),前者高于后两者,改善组高于无效组(P<0.05或P<0.01);有效组左、右侧丘脑NAA/Cr变化值均高于无效组(P均小于0.01)。左侧前额叶、左侧和右侧丘脑NAA/Cr变化值均与PANSS减分率呈正相关(r值分别为0.45、0.38、0.41,P均小于0.01)。左侧前额叶NAA/Cr变化值与靶刺激P2、P3潜伏期变化值成负相关(r值分别为-0.37,-0.33,P<0.01或P<0.05),与靶刺激P2、P3及非靶刺激P2波幅变化值成正相关(r值分别为0.42,0.38,0.36,P<0.01);左侧丘脑NAA/Cr变化值与靶刺激P2潜伏期变化值成负相关(r=-0.30,P<0.05),与靶刺激P2及非靶刺激P2波幅变化值成正相关(r值分别为0.40,0.35,P<0.01);右侧前额叶、右侧丘脑NAA/Cr变化值与靶刺激P2潜伏期变化值成负相关(r值分别为-0.33,-0.34,P<0.05),与波幅变化值成正相关(r值分别为0.34,0.32,P<0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者左侧前额叶和左侧丘脑NAA/Cr值变化与抗精神病药物疗效相关,与认知功能变化也存在相关性。     

广泛性焦虑症首次发病患者治疗前后前额叶皮质及海马神经生化物质的变化

目的:观察广泛性焦虑症(GAD)首次发病患者坦度螺酮治疗前后双侧前额叶皮质及海马神经生化物质的变化。方法:对39例首发的GAD患者(GAD组)给予坦度螺酮治疗8周;分别于治疗前后进行汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分及磁共振质子波谱分析(1H-MRS)检测双侧前额叶及海马N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、谷氨酸复合物(Glx)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)水平;并与30名正常对照者(正常对照组)比较。结果:治疗前GAD组右侧额叶NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值显著低于正常对照组(P0.05或P0.01),Glx/Cr值明显高于正常对照组(P0.01);治疗后右侧额叶NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr值显著高于正常对照组(P0.05或P0.01);治疗前后左侧额叶及双侧海马各代谢指标相对浓度与正常对照组差异无统计学意义。相关分析显示,GAD组HAMA总分与右侧额叶NAA/Cr呈负相关(r=-0.732),与Glx/Cr呈正相关(r=0.569)(P均0.01)。结论:GAD患者发病初期即存在右侧前额叶神经元代谢异常;坦度螺酮抗焦虑疗效可能与其调整脑组织代谢有关。     

精神分裂症阳性症状与脑质子波谱及事件相关电位的相关性

目的:探讨阳性症状为主型精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)与事件相关电位的相关性。方法:78例7d内未使用抗精神病药及影响脑内乙酰胆碱神经递质药阳性症状为主型精神分裂症患者(研究组)及56名正常对照(对照组)。研究组在入组24h内采用多体素1H-MRS检测前额叶和丘脑生化代谢物N-乙酰基天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)与肌酸复合物(Cr),计算NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr值;同时检测事件相关电位P300(P300)和听觉诱发电位(AEP),并与对照组进行比较。结果:研究组NAA/Cr值左侧前额叶、左侧丘脑均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义[(1.40±0.35)vs(1.60±0.39),t=3.11,P<0.01;(1.48±0.33)vs(1.64±0.36),t=2.50,P<0.05]。研究组P300靶刺激P3(Cz、FPz)、非靶刺激NP3(Cz、FPz)与AEPP2(FPz)的潜伏期均高于对照组,靶刺激P3(Cz、FPz)、非靶刺激NP3(Cz、FPz)及AEPN1-P2(Cz、FPz)波幅均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。研究组左侧前额叶NAA/Cr值与Cz点的P3潜伏期呈负相关(r=-0.32,P<0.05),与P3、N1-P2波幅呈正相关(r=0.32、0.34,P均<0.05);与FPz点P3、NP3、P2潜伏期呈负相关(r=-0.37、-0.40、-0.41,P均<0.01),与P3、NP3、N1-P2波幅呈正相关(r=0.33、0.33、0.35,P均<0.05)。结论:阳性症状为主型精神分裂症患者左侧前额叶NAA代谢失衡与认知功能损害有关,低水平的NAA浓度可能是认知功能损害的发病机制之一。     

精神分裂症早发未用药患者脑质子磁共振波谱的异常特征

目的 探讨早发未经药物治疗的精神分裂症男性、女性患者前额叶和丘脑的神经生化代谢物质特点及差异.方法 纳入符合DSM-Ⅳ中精神分裂症诊断标准的早发患者44例(患者组),其中男25例(男性患者组)、女19例(女性患者组),以及健康对照者50名(对照组),其中男30名(男性对照组)、女20名(女性对照组).采用多体素质子磁共振波谱(hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1 H-MRS)在患者入院24 h内抗精神病药治疗之前及健康对照入组时检测所有受试者前额叶和丘脑N-乙酰基天冬氨酸(N-acetylaspartate,NAA)、胆碱复合物(choline-congtaining compounds,Cho)与肌酸复合物(creatine compounds,Cr).采用PANSS评估患者临床症状.结果 男性与女性患者组之间PANSS总分及各因子分、病程的比较,差异均无统计学意义.男性患者组和女性患者组的NAA/Cr值:左侧前额叶(1.44±0.27和1.41 ±0.24)、右侧前额叶(1.41 ±0.28和1.39 ±0.26)及左侧丘脑(1.47±0.28和1.49±0.29)均分别低于同性别对照组(1.62±0.33和1.60±0.34、1.65±0.32和1.59 ±0.30、1.62 ±0.36和1.71±0.36),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.18、2.06、2.23、2.28、2.20、2.09,均P＜0.05).男性与女性患者组之间1H-MRS各代谢指标比较,差异均无统计学意义,且2组前额叶、丘脑的NAA/Cr值、Cho/Cr值与PANSS总分及各因子分、病程间均无相关性(r=-0.37 ～0.27,P＞0.05).结论 早发未经药物治疗的精神分裂症患者可能存在双侧前额叶和左侧丘脑的神经元损害,这种损害与临床症状和病程均无直接关系,未发现存在性别差异.     

双相抑郁患者前额叶和前扣带回皮质氢质子波谱研究

目的:研究双相抑郁患者前额叶皮质、前扣带回皮质代谢物的相对含量。方法:对30例未服药双相抑郁患者和30名健康志愿者的前额叶皮质、前扣带回皮质进行氢质子波谱(1H-MRS)扫描,双相抑郁患者经6周药物治疗后再次做1H-MRS扫描,检测N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、谷氨酸复合物(Glx)、肌酸(Cr)4种代谢物。结果:双相抑郁组左侧前额叶皮质、双侧前扣带回皮质NAA/Cr值均显著低于正常对照组(P<0.05),Cho/Cr值、Glx/Cr值均显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),双相抑郁组右侧前额叶皮质NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、Glx/Cr值两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经药物治疗后,左侧前额叶皮质、双侧前扣带回皮质NAA/Cr值较治疗前升高,Cho/Cr值、Glx/Cr值较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:前额叶和前扣带回皮质NAA、Cho、Glx含量的改变与双相抑郁的发生和药物的疗效有关。     

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the medial prefrontal cortex in patients with deficit schizophrenia: preliminary report

OBJECTIVE: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was used to study medial prefrontal metabolic impairments in schizophrenic patients with the deficit syndrome. METHOD: The subjects were 22 schizophrenic patients categorized as deficit (N=5) or nondeficit (N=17) and 21 healthy subjects. (1)H-MRS was performed for the right and the left medial prefrontal cortex. RESULTS: The patients with the deficit syndrome had significantly lower ratios of N-acetylaspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine than did the healthy subjects or nondeficit patients. CONCLUSIONS: As N-acetylaspartate levels could reflect neuronal density and/or viability, this finding suggests a neuronal loss in the medial prefrontal cortex of deficit patients.     

Frontocortical N-acetylaspartate reduction associated with long-term i.v. heroin use.

To examine possible metabolic frontal lobe alterations in i.v. heroin-dependent patients with different histories of concomitant substance use, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a putative marker of neuronal viability, was measured by (1)H-MRS. Compared with controls, NAA levels in patients were reduced by 7% in gray matter (p = 0.015) but not in white matter. To what extent comorbid conditions or substance use, including alcohol, contributed to these frontocortical metabolic changes remains to be elucidated.     

精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑的质子磁共振波谱研究

Objective To identify the metabolite levels in prefrontal lobe and thalamus in patients with schizophrenia by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods Thirty-eighty schizophrenics and 38 normal controls were involved in this study. A multi-voxel 1H-MRS was given to all the subjects on prefrontal lobe and thalamus within 24 hours they got in hospital. The N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-congtaining compounds (Cho), and creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/( Cho + Cr) were determined Results In left prefrontal lobe and bilateral thalamus, the NAA/Cr ratio in patients demonstrated lower than that in normal controls ( all P <0. 05). In left prefrontal lobe, the NAA/(Cho + Cr) ratio in patients showed lower than that in normal controls (0. 64 ±0. 13 vs. 0. 74±0. 22,t =2. 26, P<0. 05). Both in patients and in normal controls, there were no significant differences in NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/(Cho + Cr) between the two sides (all P >0. 05). Conclusious Abnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity are present in schizophrenics.There is no significantly lateralized asymmetry for metabolite levels such as NAA, Cho and Cr in either the schizophrenics or the controls.     

Metabolic changes of prefrontal cerebral lobe ,white matter and cerebellum in patients with post-stroke depression A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

BACKGROUND:Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS)non-invasively detects changes in chemical substances in the brain,which reflects the pathological metabolism.OBJECTIVE:To investigate changes in N-acetyl-aspartate(NAA),choline(Cho),creatine(Cr),and myoinositol(MI)in the gray and white matter of cerebral prefrontal lobe and cerebellum of patients with differential degrees of post-stroke depression(PSD)using 1H-MRS.DESIGN:A case control study.SETTING:The First Affiliated Hospital of the Dalian Medical University.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 38 patients with stroke(28 male and 10 female patients,aged 40 to 79 years)were selected from the Department of Neurology,1st Atfiliated Hospital,Dalian Medical University,from February to October in 2004.All subjects met the DSM-IV criteria for cerebrovascular disease and depression.The degree of depression was defined according to Hamilton criteria.38 patients with PSD were divided into two groups according to the time after ischemia,20 patients in the acute group with less than 10 days after ischemic attack(mild:16 patients,moderate/severe:4 patients)and 18 patients in the chronic group with more than 11 days after ischemic attack(mild:15 patients,moderate/severe:3 patients).Seventeen healthy volunteers with matching age from 41 to 80 years were examined as a control group.The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht,and each participant signed an informed consent form.METHODS:Spectra were acquired by multi-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy(PRESS)sequence with GE signal.ST MP-di,localized in prefrontal cerebral lobe and cerebellum.Values of NAA,Cho,MI,and Cr ere compared between different graded PSD patients and control subjects with one-way analysis of variance in software SPSS11.5.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Metabolite concentration in different brain regions of interest.Difference in metabolites between distinctly graded PSD patients and control subjects.Exclusion of age-effects on metabolites. RESULTS:Metabolite concentrations of different brain regions:A significant rise in the Cho/Cr ratio was detected in the acute and chronic group compared to the control group.The ratio change was more significant in the acute group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between these three groups for other metabolites detected by 1H-MRS in the right frontal white matter,bilateral frontal grey matter,and cerebellum(P＞0.05).Comparison of metabolite levels among differently graded PSD patients and control subjects:a significant increase in the Cho/Cr ratio was detected in the left frontal white matter compared to the control group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in age between patients in the stroke groups and the control group(P＞0.05),and similarly,there was no significant correlation between age and absolute or relative values in the control group(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Abnormalities of frontal lobe in PSD were located in the white matter.There was early abnormality of metabolic substance in PSD.     

Metabolic changes of prefrontal cerebral lobe, white matter and cerebellum in patients with post-stroke depression*☆ A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

BACKGROUND： Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy （IH-MRS） non-invasively detects changes in chemical substances in the brain, which reflects the pathological metabolism.
OBJECTIVE： To investigate changes in N-acetyl-aspartate （NAA）, choline （Cho）, creatine （Cr）, and myoinositol （MI） in the gray and white matter of cerebral prefrontal lobe and cerebellum of patients with differential degrees of post-stroke depression （PSD） using ^1H-MRS.
DESIGN： A case control study.
SETTING： The First Affiliated Hospital of the Dalian Medical University.
PARTICIPANTS： A total of 38 patients with stroke （28 male and l0 female patients, aged 40 to 79 years） were selected from the Department of Neurology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, from February to October in 2004. All subjects met the DSM-IV criteria for cerebrovascular disease and depression. The degree of depression was defined according to Hamilton criteria. 38 patients with PSD were divided into two groups according to the time after ischemia, 20 patients in the acute group with less than 10 days after ischemic attack （mild： 16 patients, moderate/severe： 4 patients） and 18 patients in the chronic group with more than l l days after ischemic attack （mild： 15 patients, moderate/severe： 3 patients）. Seventeen healthy volunteers with matching age from 41 to 80 years were examined as a control group. The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht, and each participant signed an informed consent form.
METHODS： Spectra were acquired by multi-voxel point-resolved spectroscopy （PRESS） sequence with GE signal.5T MR/i, localized in prefrontal cerebral lobe and cerebellum. Values of NAA, Cho, MI, and Cr ere compared between different graded PSD patients and control subjects with one-way analysis of variance in software SPSS 11.5.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Metabolite concentration in different brain regions of interest. Difference in metabolites b     

Areas of interictal spiking are associated with metabolic dysfunction in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy

PURPOSE: The objective of our study was to determine noninvasively whether metabolic dysfunction is present in focal areas of interictal electrophysiologic abnormality and whether metabolic dysfunction correlates with frequency of spiking. METHODS: We used a prospective, power analysis-driven, age-matched design to study 20 subjects with nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy by using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). MEG was used to localize the source area of interictal spikes. 1H-MRS measured integrated peak areas for N-acetyl compounds (NAA) and choline-containing compounds (Cho) in both hippocampi, the MEG spike zone, and the region contralateral to the MEG spike zone in all subjects. 1H-MRS was performed in seven controls. RESULTS: Fifteen of 20 subjects had a lower NAA/Cho ratio in the MEG spike zone compared with the contralateral homologous region. NAA/Cho was significantly decreased in the MEG spike zone (p < 0.01). NAA/Cho ratios were not significantly different between the hippocampus ipsilateral and contralateral to the spike activity, or from control hippocampi. NAA/Cho ratios did not correlate with spike frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic dysfunction is present in focal areas of interictal spiking in nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy. These findings confirm that functional abnormalities can be detected in vivo in radiographically normal-appearing cortex exhibiting abnormal excitability.     

Identifying the affected hemisphere by 1H-MR spectroscopy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and no pathological findings in high resolution MRI

Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remain without remarkable changes in MRI. In this study we investigated the role of (1)H-MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in lateralizing the affected hemisphere in the mentioned patient group. Twenty-two consecutive patients diagnosed with TLE were investigated by high resolution MRI and (1)H-MRS. We examined the incidence and diagnostic accuracy of temporal metabolite alterations determined by Linear Combination of Model Spectra (L C Model) via water reference. Metabolite values of each hemisphere of TLE patients were compared with healthy controls. Results of metabolite alterations were related to intensive video EEG focus localization. Reduction of N-acetylaspartate + N-acetylaspartyl-glutamate (tNAA) in the affected hemisphere revealed identification in six of nine patients (66%) with unilateral TLE. Group comparison revealed a significant reduction of tNAA (6.1+/-0.8*) in the involved temporal lobe compared with controls (6.67+/-0.4*, P=0.026). Choline levels were significantly increased in the affected hemisphere (1.42+/-0.17*) compared with healthy controls (1.22+/-0.17*, P=0.035). The results of our study show that (1)H-MRS is able to identify the affected hemisphere of MRI negative TLE patients and can be used as an additive tool in multimodal focus localization.     

1H-MR spectroscopy indicates severity markers in temporal lobe epilepsy: correlations between metabolic alterations, seizures, and epileptic discharges in EEG

PURPOSE: In this study, hippocampal metabolite alterations in (1)H-MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) were correlated to the findings of intensive video-EEG monitoring and duration of seizure symptoms in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS: The 14 patients with mesial TLE and no pathological findings in imaging were investigated by (1)H-MRS. Seizures were analyzed by: number of clinical seizures in 24 h, exact duration of clinical symptoms in 24 h, frequency of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and ictal activity, duration of ictal activity, and IEDs occurring within 24 h in intensive EEG monitoring. Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) was calculated between spectral metabolite alterations and the parameters mentioned above. RESULTS: In the analysis, a negative correlation was found between total (t) NAA values and degree of IEDs in EEG (p = 0.04); a positive correlation was found between Cr levels and duration of seizure symptoms registered by video monitoring (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that, in some patients, (1)H-MRS is able to refer the severity of TLE. The degree of tNAA reduction in (1)H-MRS, probably indicating neuronal dysfunction, is associated with interictal spiking in intensive EEG monitoring. Duration of seizure symptoms associated with increased Cr peaks probably reflects increased gliosis.