28例甲状腺癌的细针穿刺细胞学诊断及超声影像学特征分析

目的分析经穿刺细胞学诊断甲状腺癌肿瘤组织的病理学特征及超声影像学表现,提高甲状腺结节穿刺的诊断准确率。方法收集28例在超声引导下经细针穿刺细胞学诊断为甲状腺癌患者的相关资料,回顾穿刺细胞学诊断情况,并与术后组织病理学检查结果进行比较,结合结节超声图像表现特点加以分析。结果穿刺细胞学检查诊断的28例甲状腺癌中,乳头状癌26例,髓样癌2例;所有乳头状癌结节样本中,细胞核均可见特征性核沟及核内假包涵体。细胞学检查结果均经术后组织病理学检查证实,其中癌结节≥2cm者13例,〈2cm癌结节者15例;单发结节15例,多发结节13例;23例（82.14%）结节边缘向四周浸润破坏性生长,并伴有周围纤维组织反应性增生;22例（78.57%）结节中可见钙化灶,其中16例（72.73%）表现为沙砾样钙化。超声图像分析显示,多数结节内可见沙砾样钙化灶,结节边缘欠规则呈粗糙毛刺状。结论超声定位有助于提高触诊难及小结节的穿刺成功率;综合分析超声图像中甲状腺结节边缘及钙化的特征性表现,可有效提高穿刺细胞学检查的阳性诊断准确率。     

甲状腺癌的细针穿刺细胞学诊断及超声影像学特征分析

目的：分析甲状腺癌的细针穿刺细胞学诊断（FNAC）效果及超声影像学特征。方法：回顾性分析40例甲状腺癌患者FNAC诊断结果、超声影像学特征以及组织病理学检查结果。结果：术前超声图像显示,结节区域多显示为不均匀低回声,其中33例患者超声图像显示结节边缘呈不规则粗糙毛刺状,多数患者结节内可发现沙砾样钙化灶;FNAC检查结果与术后组织病理学检查结果基本一致,结节边缘表现与术前超声图像基本相符。结论：超声定位对提高FNAC诊断准确率和小结节穿刺成功率具有显著效果,结合术前超声图像能够提高穿刺细胞学检查阳性诊断的准确率。     

甲状腺结节钙化在超声诊断甲状腺癌中的价值

目的 探讨甲状腺结节钙化在超声诊断甲状腺癌中的应用价值.方法 选择2011年3月—2013年12月期间我院收治的80例伴钙化的甲状腺结节患者, 分析其钙化灶超声表现情况,并与标准病理检查结果进行对比,总结二者的相关性. 结果 80例甲状腺钙化结节中恶性结节48例,其中乳头状癌34例、滤泡性乳头状癌8例、髓样癌6例;良性结节32例,其中桥本甲状腺炎结节13例、结节性甲状腺肿12例、甲状腺瘤7例.恶性结节患者中钙化灶微钙化比例75.0%、钙化结节边界不清晰比例83.3%、钙化结节单发比例79.2%,均明显高于良性结节,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 甲状腺结节钙化灶有助于超声诊断与鉴别诊断甲状腺癌,具有重要的参考价值.     

针刺细胞学检查及超声术前评估甲状腺结节良恶性的应用研究

目的探讨甲状腺结节细针穿刺细胞学检查及超声评估系统对术前良恶性甲状腺结节鉴别及诊断价值。方法对我院250例甲状腺结节患者的超声声像图资料,细针穿刺细胞学检查结果及其中同时采用手术病理学检查的41例患者病理学资料进行比较分析。结果与手术病理检查结果相比,细针穿刺细胞学检查结果的符合率为87.8%,诊断甲状腺癌的特异性为92.6%,敏感性为78.6%;超声评估系统诊断符合率为92.7%,诊断甲状腺癌的特异性为96.3%,敏感性为85.7%。与超声评估系统比较,细针穿刺细胞学检查结果诊断符合率为80.4%,诊断甲状腺癌的特异性为90.4%,敏感性为43.4%。结论甲状腺结节细针穿刺细胞学检查及超声评估系统对术前良恶性甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断价值较高,临床上值得应用和推广。     

超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查对甲状腺囊实性结节的诊断价值

目的探讨超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查对甲状腺囊实性结节良恶性诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾分析2013年7月~2017年10月期间,门诊超声检查发现甲状腺囊实性结节并经后续细针穿刺、手术病理诊断明确的患者154例,比较分析超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查的诊断效率。结果 154例甲状腺囊实性结节患者中,超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查显示恶性47例,其中乳头状癌8例,滤泡癌39例,可疑恶性结节1例;良性106例,其中结节性甲状腺肿83例,腺瘤23例。手术切除后病理检查结果显示恶性者35例,其中乳头状癌4例,滤泡癌30例,未分化癌1例;良性者119例,其中结节性甲状腺肿93例,腺瘤26个。超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查对甲状腺囊实性结节的诊断准确率为86.36%,敏感性为88.57%,特异性为85.71%,阳性预测值为64.58%,阴性预测值为96.23%。结论超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查操作方便,安全性高,对甲状腺囊实性结节具有一定的临床诊断价值,该方法的使用可以使得一部分甲状腺癌患者得以早期确诊及治疗。     

甲状腺癌278例超声声像图特征分析

目的:研究高频超声显像在甲状腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法:对经手术及病理证实的278例309个甲状腺癌结节的声像图进行分析,比较不同病理类型及同一病理类型甲状腺癌的声像图特征。结果:278例甲状腺癌患者中单灶型259例,多灶型19例;乳头状癌264例,甲状腺滤泡癌9例,髓样癌4例,未分化癌1例。其中低回声结节241例,囊实混合性结节28例,稍高回声结节9例。264例乳头状癌中微小乳头状癌78例,其中45例结节内部和边缘显示血流信号,33例未见明显血流信号;有51例伴细小钙化,钙化率65.4%。较大乳头状癌186例,其中184例结节内部和边缘显示血流信号,2例未见明显血流信号,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);有84例伴细小钙化,钙化率45.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:掌握各类甲状腺癌的超声声像图特征性表现,可以减少漏诊误诊,为临床采取合理的治疗方案提供有价值的信息。     

超声检查甲状腺结节内钙化的临床意义

目的 探讨甲状腺结节内钙化点对于甲状腺癌诊断的意义。方法 用高频超声对92例甲状腺结节患者进行检查，根据甲状腺结节内钙化点的形态、大小、回声特征以判断钙化灶的存在。结果 超声检出甲状腺结节内钙化34例，其中经手术病理证实的23例甲状腺癌结节中有钙化灶20例(86．96％)，尤其是乳头状癌有钙化灶者比例更高。结论 超声对甲状腺结节内钙化灶的检测，对诊断甲状腺癌具有临床应用价值。     

甲状腺微小癌的超声结构特性及其诊断价值

目的 探讨甲状腺微小癌（Thyriod microcacinoma,TMC）的超声结构特性,以提高其诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析30例经手术和病理证实的TMC的超声结构特性.结果 TMC 30例共34个癌结节.位于右叶19个,左叶12个,峡部3个;病灶直径2～10 mm; 32个癌结节（94％）表现为边缘不规则可见毛刺;26个（76％）内可见“针尖样”微钙化;6例（20％）颈部淋巴结转移,其中2例淋巴结内出现“针尖样”微钙化.其中微小乳头状癌29例（33个结节）,甲状腺微小髓样癌1例（1个结节）.结论 TMC的边缘毛刺、“针尖样”钙化具有一定的特征性,对诊断TMC具有重要价值.     

甲状腺乳头状癌的超声图像特点

目的 探讨超声检查对甲状腺乳头状癌诊断的临床价值.方法 对病理证实的42例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的超声图像表现进行回顾性分析.结果 甲状腺乳头状癌超声表现以圆形或类圆形实性低回声为主,部分可见钙化,多数结节边界不清,无包膜,彩色血流信号显示率为76%(32/42).42例甲状腺乳头状癌中,超声诊断恶性肿瘤的符合率为73.8%(31/42).结论 甲状腺乳头状癌声像图表现有其特征性,其边界不清,无包膜,低回声及微小钙化是诊断要点,超声检查有助于本病的临床诊断.     

甲状腺乳头状癌的超声图像特点

目的 探讨超声检查对甲状腺乳头状癌诊断的临床价值.方法 对病理证实的42例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的超声图像表现进行回顾性分析.结果 甲状腺乳头状癌超声表现以圆形或类圆形实性低回声为主,部分可见钙化,多数结节边界不清,无包膜,彩色血流信号显示率为76%(32/42).42例甲状腺乳头状癌中,超声诊断恶性肿瘤的符合率为73.8%(31/42).结论 甲状腺乳头状癌声像图表现有其特征性,其边界不清,无包膜,低回声及微小钙化是诊断要点,超声检查有助于本病的临床诊断.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.