经皮血栓吸除术治疗老年人急性心肌梗死无复流的临床观察

目的 采用实时心肌声学造影(RT-MCE),评价经皮血栓吸除术治疗老年人急性心肌梗死(AMI)无复流的疗效.方法 46例老年AMI患者,随机分为经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI组)23例和PCI联合血栓吸除术组(联合组)23例.于PCI术后24 h和1周行RT-MCE.记录各组灌注对比积分指数(CSI)、透壁性对比缺损长度百分数[CDL/LV length(%)]、室壁运动积分指数(WMSI)和严重室壁运动异常长度百分数[WML/LV length(%)].结果 24 h和1周,联合组CSI、CDL/LV length、WMSI和WMI/LV length均较PCI组降低[分别为(2.0±0.3)与(2.5±0.7)、(1.5±0.4)与(2.0±0.5)、(15.5±5.4)%与(22.8±4.9)%、(9.6±2.5)%与(21.5±4.6)%,(2.1±0.5)与(2.4±0.7)、(1.5±0.5)与(2.1±0.5)、(24.5±5.3)%与(35.6±8.3)%、(15.9±5.0)%与(27.6±6.4)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 经皮血栓吸除术可明显减少患者术后无复流的发生,改善微循环和心脏功能,使PCI治疗老年人AMI更有效.     

急性心肌梗死患者直接介入治疗后无再流与血浆组织因子及其途径抑制物的关系

目的 通过测定急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前后血浆组织因子(TF)、组织因子途径抑制物(TFPI)水平的变化,探讨TF、TFPI与无再流的关系.方法 选择2006年5月至2007年5月于我院急诊行PCI的AMI患者53例,用ELISA法检测患者PCI术前、术后即刻、术后24 h外周静脉血 TF、TFPI水平.比较其中无再流者与再灌流者不同时点TF、TFPI水平的变化.结果 PCI术前、术后即刻、术后24 h无再流组血浆TF、TFPI水平均明显高于再灌流组[TF(275.3±46.2)ng/L比(236.8±44.3)ng/L、(332.7±41.3) ng/L 比(282.3±38.7) ng/L、(315.5±47.8) ng/L 比(248.1±46.9) ng/L;TFPI(165.2±38.4) μg/L 比(128.5±18.7) μg/L、(176.3±36.8)μg/L 比(135.6±20.3) μg/L、(149.8±31.7) μg/L 比(118.7±19.2) μg/L;均P＜0.01];PCI术后即刻,丽组TF水平均较术前明显升高(P＜0.01);PCI术后24 h,无再流组TF水平仍高于术前水平(P＜0.05),再灌流组与术前比较无差异(P＞0.05);PCI前后两组TFPI水平均无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 AMI患者直接PCI后无再流的发生与血浆,TF水平呈正相关,TF可激活外源性凝血途径,形成微血栓而导致无再流,而TFPI可阻止血栓形成而防治无再流的发生.     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术中冠脉注射尼可地尔的临床评估

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术中冠脉注射尼可地尔对血浆凝溶胶蛋白(p GSN)与三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)表达水平的影响。方法:按照随机数字表法将90例AMI患者分为研究组和对照组,每组45例。研究组通过加压泵及球囊扩张在靶血管向靶病变远端2 mm处注射2 mg尼可地尔溶液,对照组于相同位置注射等容量0. 9%氯化钠溶液。观察2组患者PCI术前、后的梗死相关血管心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG)及血清N-末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及心肌肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)水平,比较2组患者的室壁运动积分指数(WMSI)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、p GSN及血T3水平,并记录不良反应发生情况。结果:PCI术后2组TIMI血流分级比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。研究组校正后的TIMI血流帧数(c TFC)、无复流现象(NRP)发生率、血浆NT-proBNP、c Tn I、CK-MB水平、WMSI、PCI术中低血压发生率及术后3个月的主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)发生率显著低于对照组(均P 0. 05),研究组ST段回落率(STR)≥50%、术后TMPG 3级比例及LVEF显著高于对照组(均P 0. 05)。术后2组患者血清T3及p GSN水平较治疗前均明显升高,且研究组高于对照组(均P 0. 05)。结论:AMI患者PCI术中冠脉注射尼可地尔可显著改善患者心功能和心肌灌注水平,提高血清T3及p GSN表达水平,且安全性高。     

急性心肌梗死患者心肌灌注状况对经皮冠状动脉介入术后心功能的影响

目的采用经冠状动脉超声心肌声学造影(MCE)评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心肌灌注状况对经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后心功能改善的影响,并探讨其相关临床意义。方法 18例AMI患者于PCI前及术后15 min分别经左主干或右冠状动脉注射超声声学造影剂,进行MCE实时显影,以视觉评分方式定性分析PCI前后相应心肌节段灌注状况;术后1个月经二维超声评价左心室室壁运动;利用灌注评分指数(PSI)及室壁运动评分指数(WMSI)分析PCI前后心肌灌注水平对心功能改善的影响。结果术前心肌灌注评分为0分的30个心肌节段中,20个(66.7%)术后1个月室壁运动评分为3~5分;而术前心肌灌注评分为2分的11个心肌节段中,有8个(72.7%)1个月时室壁运动评分为1~2分;统计学分析显示,PCI前心肌灌注与1个月室壁运动状况有关(P0.05)。术后心肌灌注评分为0分的12个心肌节段中,11个(91.7%)术后1个月室壁运动评分为3~5分;而术后心肌灌注评分为2分的22个心肌节段中,有17个(77.2%)1个月时室壁运动评分为1~2分;统计学分析显示,PCI后心肌灌注与1个月室壁运动状况有关(P0.01)。结合WMSI及PSI综合评价术后心肌灌注水平与左心室收缩功能的关系,发现二者存在明显相关性(P0.01)。结论 AMI患者心肌灌注状况对PCI后心功能改善有明显影响;经冠状动脉MCE可较准确的判断AMI患者微循环灌注范围,评估术后心功能,故可能对患者的临床预后判断有一定预测价值。     

血栓抽吸术联合冠状动脉内注射尼可地尔治疗NSTEMI患者PCI术中慢血流/无复流的效果及对心肌微灌注、近期预后的影响

目的 分析血栓抽吸术联合冠状动脉内注射尼可地尔治疗非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)中慢血流/无复流的效果及对心肌微灌注、近期预后的影响。方法 回顾性选取120例NSTEMI患者,均于PCI术中予以血栓抽吸术,依据在PCI术前冠状动脉内注射药物不同分为研究组(术前应用尼可地尔,n=58)、对照组(术前应用硝酸甘油,n=62),对比两组慢血流/无复流发生率、心肌损伤相关指标及心肌微灌注、心肌梗死溶栓血流帧数(cTFC)、心功能[左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、室壁运动记分指数(WMSI)、左室射血分数(LVEF)]、近期预后。结果 研究组慢血流/无复流发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05);术后1 w,研究组心肌肌钙蛋白(cTn)I、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);术后1 w,研究组LVEDD明显低于对照组,LVEF明显高于对照组(P<0.05),两组WMSI无明显差异(P>0.05);术后2、3个月,研究组心肌灌注缺损评分明显低于对照组,冠状动脉给药后及PCI结...     

阿托伐他汀对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后无复流现象的影响

目的:探讨长期应用阿托伐他汀对冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后无复流发生率的影响。方法:入选对象均为ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者,接受急诊PCI治疗且至少口服阿托伐他汀10mg/d3个月以上者入选阿托伐他汀组,未服用任何调脂药物者入选对照组,连续入选,至每组60例为止。PCI术中根据TI-MI血流分级法(TFG)、TIMI计帧法(cTFC)评价冠状动脉血流。术后24h进行实时心肌声学造影检查,计算心肌灌注缺损计分指数(CSI)及室壁运动计分指数(WMSI)。术后30min及24h记录心电图,观察ST段抬高最显著导联ST段回落的情况。术前、术后24h采取静脉血测定血浆高敏C反应蛋白(Hs-CRP)及sICAM-1水平。结果:阿托伐他汀组TIMI3级血流者显著多于对照组(P<0.05),而cTFC显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。阿托伐他汀组与对照组相比CSI(1.22±0.33:1.37±0.42,P<0.05),WMSI(1.53±0.40:1.71±0.38,P<0.05)均显著降低。术后30min阿托伐他汀组ST段回落≥50%者显著多于对照组(P<0.05),术后24h差异无统计学意义。术前、术...     

经皮血栓吸除术治疗急性心肌梗死血栓性病变的疗效

我们于 2 0 0 0年 11月起应用经皮冠状动脉内吸血栓装置 Rescue(美国Boston公司 )对 8例富含血栓性病变的急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者进行经皮冠状动脉内血栓吸除治疗 ,取得了较好的效果。1.临床资料 :8例患者均为男性 ,年龄 4 6～ 75岁。均符合 1979年WHO制定的AMI诊断标准 ,起病后 3～ 12h入院。其中下壁心肌梗死 5例 ,广泛前壁心肌梗死 2例 ,前间壁心肌梗死 1例。 5例下壁心肌梗死患者常规放置了右心室起搏电极导管。2 .手术方法 :按常规方法从右侧股动脉途径行选择性冠状动脉造影 ,3例左前降支近端完全闭塞 ,5例右冠状动脉近端完全闭塞…     

急性心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入术心肌缺血再灌注损伤的发病因素分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）直接经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）心肌缺血再灌注损伤（MIRI）发生的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2004年12月在我院接受直接PCI且成功开通梗死相关血管（IRA）的AMI患者228例。MIRI判断标准为AMI直接PCI开通IRA后数分钟内急性发生的严重心动过缓和低血压,或需电复律的严重室性心律失常,或IRA前向血流≤TIMI2级且除外因造影可见的血栓、栓塞、夹层或痉挛等所致急性闭塞。应用多因素logistic回归模型对18个临床和冠状动脉造影因素进行分析。结果logistic回归分析显示,AMI发病时间≤6h（P=0.014）、下壁梗死（P=0．006）和PCI前IRA前向血流≤TIMI 1级（P=0．028）是MIRI发生的独立危险因子,多支血管病变（P=0．063）和肾功能不全（P=0．067）也是危险因子;而梗死前心绞痛是独立保护因子（P=0．005）。结论AMI发病时间短、下壁梗死、PCI前IRA前向血流≤TIMI1级、多支血管病变和肾功能不全增加直接PCI术MIRI发生的危险性,而梗死前心绞痛则可减少MIRI的发生。     

急性心肌梗死患者PCI后BNP、hsCRP、cTnI的预后意义

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉成形术(PCI)后脑钠肽(BNP)、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平的预后意义。方法:入选90例行PCI的AMI患者,于PCI后1d、7d测定血浆中BNP、hsCRP、cTnI水平,随访6个月内的主要心脏不良事件(MACE),并与AMI药物治疗患者(45例,药物治疗组),健康体检者(30例,健康对照组)进行对比分析。结果:术后1d,与健康对照组比较,AMI两组患者hsCRP、BNP、cTnI水平均明显升高(P均<0.01),但PCI组和药物治疗组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。术后7d,与药物治疗组比较,PCI组hsCRP[(13.5±3.3)mg/L比(7.5±0.3)mg/L]、BNP[(2036±135)ng/L比(336±27)ng/L]、cTnI[(7.3±0.3)ng/L比(2.3±0.3)ng/L]水平明显降低(P<0.01),PCI组MACE发生率明显低于药物治疗组(27.8%比46.7%),P<0.01。结论:急诊PCI治疗优于药物治疗,联合检测脑钠肽、高敏C反应蛋白和心肌肌钙蛋白I水平有助于判断急性心肌梗死行PCI患者的预后。     

关于经皮冠脉介入术后并发急性肺损伤的原因

目的:探讨经皮冠脉介入术(PCI)后并发急性肺损伤的原因,寻找防治方法。方法:175例PCI术后患者,根据血气分析、胸部影像学检查被分为急性肺损伤组(ALI组,62例)和非急性肺损伤组(非ALI组,113例);以高效液相色谱法测定围术期血浆肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度,另测定血浆白介素(IL)-6水平、原降钙素(PCT)浓度;进行胸部CT影像学检查,以荧光免疫法测定血浆脑型利钠肽(BNP)水平评估心功能。结果:与非ALI组相比,术后1dALI组血浆NE[(2.51±0.31)nmol/L比(6.91±0.39)nmol/L]、E[(1.23±0.11)nmol/L比(6.03±0.37)nmol/L]水平明显升高(P均<0.01),血浆IL-6[(119.81±17.23)pg/ml比(252.28±34.23)pg/ml]、PCT[(0.88±0.01)pg/ml比(4.99±0.87)pg/ml]、血浆BNP[(927.82±89.72)pg/ml比(3936.55±131.78)pg/ml]水平明显升高(P均<0.01),胸部CT显示肺组织炎症病变严重。结论:经皮冠脉介入并发急性肺损伤与机体交感活性亢进、术后炎症、心功能状态等因素有关。     

Thrombus aspiration reduces microvascular obstruction after primary coronary intervention: a myocardial contrast echocardiography substudy of the REMEDIA Trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to clarify the role of microembolization in the genesis of microvascular obstruction (MO) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Fifty consecutive patients entered the myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) substudy of the REMEDIA (Randomized Evaluation of the Effect of Mechanical Reduction of Distal Embolization by Thrombus Aspiration in Primary and Rescue Angioplasty) trial, which defined the role of a new thrombus-aspirating device in preventing distal microembolization after PCI. METHODS: A total of 25 patients were randomized to be pretreated with thrombus aspiration before PCI of the culprit lesion and 25 received standard PCI. At 24 h, 1 week, and 6 months after PCI, MCE was performed by Sonovue, and real-time imaging was performed by contrast pulse sequencing technology. Regional wall motion score index (WMSI), contrast score index (CSI), endocardial length of wall motion abnormality (WML) and contrast defect (CDL), end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular (LV) volumes, and ejection fraction were calculated. RESULTS: At each time point, in patients treated with a thrombus-aspiration filter device, WMSI, CSI, WML, and CDL were significantly lower and ejection fraction higher (p < 0.05 vs. control patients), whereas LV volumes were slightly but not significantly smaller compared with control patients. In the overall study population, the extent of MO significantly correlated with temporal changes in LV volumes. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombus aspiration used at the time of PCI significantly reduces the extent of MO and myocardial dysfunction, although it does not have a significant favorable effect in preventing LV remodeling. Thus, the beneficial effect of thrombus aspiration occurs at the microvascular level, but additional mechanisms may play a role in influencing the final extent of MO, which strictly correlates with post-infarct LV remodeling.     

直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗应用抽吸导管的临床疗效观察

目的观察血栓抽吸导管在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者中行直接PCI的疗效。方法选择我院因AMI住院行直接PCI,并于术中应用了血栓抽吸导管的患者共202例(抽吸组),另选择因AMI住院并行PCI的患者249例(对照组),比较两组即刻及近期临床疗效。结果抽吸组在发病距血管再通时间[(5.3±2.8)h vs (6.0±3.1)h,P=0.012]、直接支架置入率(44.1% vs 30.5%,P=0.003)和术后达TIMI 3级血流(90.1% vs 81.1%,P=0.008)的情况明显好于对照组,而无复流/慢血流发生率则明显减少(3.5% vs 8.4%,P=0.032)。术后抽吸组在肌钙蛋白I峰值[(44.7±31.2)μg/L vs (52.5±34.8)μg/L,P=0.012]及肌酸激酶同工酶峰值[(152.0±73.6)u/L vs (166.0±70.5)U/L,P=0.041]、即刻心电图的ST段回落率(67.8% vs 57.0%,P=0.002)、住院期间心力衰竭发生率(11.4% vs 22.9%,P=0.002)、再次心肌梗死发生率(1.0% vs 4.4%,P=0.044)、病死率(3.5% vs8.8%,P=0.032)等方面与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。结论 AMI患者行直接PCI过程中应用血栓抽吸导管可明显减少无复流/慢血流等并发症的发生,从而降低病死率,改善近期预后。     

择期冠脉支架置入术对急性心肌梗死患者血清细胞色素C水平的影响

目的：观察择期冠状动脉支架置入术对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者血清细胞色素C（Cyt C）水平的影响。方法：入选AMI并于梗死后10-14d行冠状动脉支架置入术的患者30例作为AMI组;另选择经冠脉造影排除冠心病（CHD）的患者30例作为非CHD对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）方法测定患者在冠状动脉支架置入术前,术后48h、72h血清Cyt C浓度。结果：1.冠脉支架置入术前AMI组血清Cyt C水平显著高于非CHD对照组[（1.18±0.71）ng/ml比（0.25±0.03）ng/ml,P〈0.01];2.冠状动脉支架置入术后48h、72h血清Cyt C水平[（0.68±0.29）ng/ml、（0.66±0.25）ng/ml]显著低于冠状动脉支架置入术前（P〈0.01）。结论：择期冠脉支架置入术能改善急性心肌梗死患者心肌细胞的凋亡。     

血栓抽吸联合替罗非班在急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的:观察血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的疗效及安全性.方法:选择符合条件的AMI患者340例,均行急诊PCI,PCI术中应用血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班的180例患者作为观察组,直接行PCI的160例患者作为对照组,观察2组术后冠状动脉血流灌注水平(TIMI分级)、心肌灌注水平(TMP分级),无复流或慢血流发生率,住院期间再梗死、梗死相关血管再次血运重建、心力衰竭发生率、30 d内的死亡率、出血等并发症发生率.结果:观察组在术后冠状动脉血流灌注水平、心肌灌注水平均较对照组升高,而无复流或慢血流发生率则明显减少;观察组在住院期间再梗死、目标血管再次血运重建、心力衰竭发生率、30 d内的死亡率等方面,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组在出血等并发症发生率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:AMI患者行急诊PCI过程中,应用血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班可明显减少慢血流、无复流等并发症的发生,从而降低病死率,改善近期预后,是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

Effect of postconditioning on coronary blood flow velocity and endothelial function and LV recovery after myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: Postconditioning is a novel approach to myocardial protection during ischemia reperfusion. Our study observed the effect of postconditioning on coronary blood flow velocity and endothelial function in patients who underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Ninety-four patients with their first acute myocardial infarction who underwent revascularization within 12 hours of onset by primary PCI were recruited in the study. All the patients were randomized to two groups, IR group (PCI without postconditioning) and Postcond group (PCI with postconditioning). Corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) was used to evaluate velocity of coronary blood after PCI. Creatine phosphokinase (CK), CK-MB, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before and after PCI. Arterial endothelial function was studied noninvasively by examination of brachial artery responses to endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent stimuli by echo Doppler technique. Wall motion score index (WMSI) was assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography before and 8 weeks after angioplasty. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to age, sex, presence of angiographically visible collaterals, and elapsed time from the onset of symptoms until perfusion. Patients with postconditioning had much faster CTFC than patients without postconditioning (25.38 +/- 5.35 vs 29.23 +/- 5.54). After 8 weeks, the WMSI improved significantly in both groups, but the DeltaWMSI in Postcond group was significantly larger than that of IR group (1.20 +/- 0.30 vs 1.04 +/- 0.36, P < 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between DeltaWMSI and CTFC in IR group and Postcond group (r = -0.9032, P < 0.01; r = -0.7884, P < 0.01). The peaks of CK and CK-MB of Postcond group were much lower than that of IR group (1236.57 +/- 813.21 U/L vs 1697.36 +/- 965.74 U/L; 116.92 +/- 75.83 U/L vs 172.41 +/- 92.64 U/L), and MDA-reactive products were significantly lower than that in the IR group at any same time after PCI. All patients with acute myocardial infarction had a depressed endothelium-dependent vasodilation function, while the endothelium-dependent vasodilation function was improved in Postcond group. CONCLUSION: Postconditioning is a simple, operative procedure for salvaging the coronary endothelial function and cardiomyocyte. It could be used widely in clinic and to better the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction.     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗对心功能的影响

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）后行急诊经皮冠状动脉成形术（PCI）和行择期PCI治疗的近期疗效和安全性。方法：248例AMI患者被分为两组,急诊PCI组19例,择期PCI组229例。对两组患者住院期间用药情况及PCI后心功能进行分析。结果：两组患者术后心功能各项指标均明显改善,与择期PCI组相比,急诊PCI组左室射血分数明显提高[（52.7±6.3）%比（54.1±2.7）%],左室舒张末内径明显减小[（48.8±1.7）mm比（47.8±2.4）mm],P均〈0.05。结论：急性心肌梗死后行急诊经皮冠状动脉成形术是一种安全有效的介入性治疗手段,可以防止再梗死和心肌缺血,进一步改善心功能。     

退行性心脏瓣膜病对老年急性心肌梗死患者冠脉病变情况及PCI近期疗效的影响

目的探讨退行性心脏瓣膜病（degenerative heart valve disease,DHVD）对老年冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）患者冠状动脉病变情况及行经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗近期疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析69例65岁以上老年冠心病AMI行PCI治疗患者的临床资料,根据心脏超声检查分为DHVD组（n=30）和对照组（n=39）,对比两组冠状动脉造影（CAG）结果、PCI治疗情况、PCI治疗后心肌梗死溶栓试验（thrombolysis in myocardial infarction．TIMI）血流分级、1周内主要心血管事件发生率、1周时心脏收缩功能、舒张功能,血浆N末端脑钠肽前体（N-terminal pro—brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP）浓度。结果冠状动脉造影显示,DHVD组与对照组相比,冠状动脉病变情况更加严重（病变程度评分：8．93±2．61vs7．09±1．99,P=0．047）;DHVD组PCI治疗后TIMI血流分级较对照组差（平均秩次：939．50vs1475．50,P〈O．05）;术后l周DHVD组恶性心律失常的发病率较对照组高（P〈0．05）,其余主要心血管事件事件的发生两组对比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。对照组PCI治疗后左心室射血分数高于DHVD组,差异有统计学意义（55．26％±5．75％眠48．49％±8．26％,P=0．049）;对照组和DHVD组E／A大于1．2的患者分别为64．1％（25／39）,36．7％（11／30）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P=O．033）：对照组NT—proBNP浓度高于DHVD组,差异有统计学意义[（1874．89±101．31）pg·mL^-1（2025．87±108．04）Pg·mL^-1,P=O．038]。结论合并DHVD对老年冠心病AMI患者PCI治疗后近期预后有不良影响。     

Comparison of rheolytic thrombectomy before direct infarct artery stenting versus direct stenting alone in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction

This randomized trial compared rheolytic thrombectomy before direct infarct artery stenting with direct infarct artery stenting alone in 100 patients with a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The primary end point of the study was early ST-segment elevation resolution, and the secondary end points were corrected Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count, infarct size, and 1-month clinical outcome. The primary end point rates were 90% in the thrombectomy group and 72% in the placebo group (p = 0.022). Randomization to thrombectomy was independently related to the primary end point (odds ratio 3.56, p = 0.032). The corrected Thrombolysis In Myocaridal Infarctions (TIMI) frame count was lower in the thrombectomy group (18.2 +/- 7.7 vs 22.5 +/- 11.0, p = 0.032), and infarct size was smaller in the thrombectomy group (13.0 +/- 11.6% vs 21.2 +/- 18.0%, p = 0.010). At 1 month, there were no major adverse cardiac events. Rheolytic thrombectomy before routine direct infarct-related artery (IRA) stenting is highly feasible and provides more effective myocardial reperfusion in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for AMI.     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗无再流发生的独立预测因素及对长期预后的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中发生无再流的相关因素,并评估无再流对于该类患者的长期预后意义。方法930例行急诊PCI的AMI患者依其是否发生无再流分为两组,分析无再流发生的危险因素及两组患者院内和长期随访中主要不良心脏事件(MACE)。结果930例患者中共82例发生无再流(8.8%)。与正常血流组相比,无再流组患者的入院血糖水平[(9.8±4.3)mmol/L比(8.5±3.5)mmol/L,P<0.01]、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值[(369.4±167.8)U/L比(282.3±161.7)U/L,P<0.01]、PCI术前0级血流(69.5%比54.5%,P=0.009)发生率较高,AMI前心绞痛发生率较低(19.5%比48.1%,P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示入院血糖水平、缺乏AMI前心绞痛、PCI术前0级血流及严重心力衰竭是无再流发生的独立预测因素。无再流患者院内MACE(37.8%比11.3%,P<0.01)和院后(2.5±1.2)年随访MACE发生率(37.5%比17.4%,P<0.01)均显著高于正常血流患者,Kaplan-Meier生存分析提示无再流组患者心因性病死率明显高于正常血流组患者(29.9%比11.7%;logrank检验,P<0.001)。Cox回归分析显示无再流是AMI患者长期心因性病死率的独立预测因素(相对危险度3.83,95%可信区间1.71~5.57)。结论入院血糖水平、缺乏AMI前心绞痛、PCI术前0级血流及严重心力衰竭是无再流发生的独立预测因素。与正常血流组相比,无再流组患者院内及长期随访MACE发生率分别增高3.3和2.2倍。