低位直肠癌术前希罗达联合放疗的疗效观察

目的　评价术前希罗达联合盆腔放射治疗对低位局部进展期直肠癌的疗效。方法　 60例低位直肠癌患者随机分为两组 :单纯手术组 3 0例 ,常规进行手术治疗 ;联合治疗组 3 0例 ,术前联合希罗达和放疗 ,然后再手术。结果　单纯手术组和联合治疗组的手术切除率分别为 86.7%和 10 0 % ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ;保肛率分别为 3 3 .3 %和 83 .3 % ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;局部复发率分别为 15.4%和 0 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　术前希罗达 +放疗可提高低位直肠癌的手术切除率和保肛率 ,降低局部复发率 ,是目前较好的新辅助治疗方案     

低位直肠癌术前放疗对保肛的意义

 目的　探讨低位直肠癌行术前放疗对保肛的价值。方法　应用60 CO对 37例低位直肠癌进行全盆腔放疗 ,1月后再手术。结果　低位直肠癌病人行术前放疗后再手术与未放疗而直接行手术组进行对照研究 ,在保肛率 ,生存率和局部复发率均有明显差异 ,P <0 .0 5。结论　对低位直肠癌行术前放疗可以提高其保肛率 ,并且能降低局部复发率和提高患者生活质量。     

低位直肠癌两种不同根治方式的疗效分析

目的 比较保留肛门括约肌手术和Miles手术治疗低位直肠癌的临床疗效.方法 2000年1月至2010年3月503例低位直肠癌患者接受根治性手术,回顾性分析其临床病理及随访资料,比较不同手术方式患者的一般资料、术后并发症、复发转移率和5年生存率等.结果 307例患者接受保肛手术治疗,196例接受Miles手术.Miles手术组中分化差肿瘤以及Dukes分期较晚肿瘤的比例高于保肛手术组.术后总体局部复发率为4.2%(21/503),其中保肛手术组为4.9%(15/307),Miles手术组为3.1%(6/196),差异无统计学意义(P=0.318);术后总体远处转移率为9.9%(50/503),两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.448).Miles手术组术后总体1、3、5年生存率分别为92.9%,69.O%,56.8%,保肛手术组为92.0%,76.4%,62.5%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.278).结论 低位直肠癌保肛术后的复发转移率和5年生存率与Miles术基本相当,保留肛门括约肌手术应当成为低位直肠癌的首选术式.具体术式应根据病变位置、肿瘤生物学特性及临床分期进行个体化选择.     

术前放疗加热疗在低位直肠癌保肛中的应用

[目的]探讨术前腔内热疗联合手术前后放疗在低位直肠癌保肛术及预防术后局部复发的价值。[方法]对2003年1月至2004年1月收治的72例低位直肠癌分为3组:A组30例,接受术前腔内热疗加放疗;B组15例仅行术前放疗;C组27例无术前热疗及放疗。观察3组病人的临床表现,病理改变,癌细胞亚细胞结构的改变,及3组病人的保肛情况和术后局部复发情况。[结果]A、B组临床症状均有不同程度改善,肿瘤病理改变明显,其中A组更明显。A、B组病人的保肛率(33.33%、26.67%)均高于C组(3.70%),差异有显著性(P<0.05);A、B组病人的术后局部复发率(3.33%、13.33%)均高于C组(33.33%),差异有显著性(P<0.05)。[结论]术前腔内热疗联合放疗是提高低位直肠癌保肛率和预防术后局部复发的有效的综合治疗措施之一。     

中低位直肠癌保肛手术治疗的临床疗效观察

目的探讨中低位直肠癌保肛手术治疗的远期疗效及保肛手术治疗中低位直肠癌的原则。方法回顾性分析1997年3月至2003年9月收治455例中低位直肠癌的手术方式和随访资料。结果中低位直肠癌的手术方式中,保肛组与联合组患者在年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、组织学类型、分化程度、Dukes分期、手术时间、术后并发症、局部复发率、生存率上比较差异均无显著性。保肛组肿瘤切除后肛提肌上直肠残端的平均长度为(4.03±2.46)cm,联合组为(2.38±1.75)cm(P<0.01)。结论在根治性切除的前提下,保肛组生存率并不比联合组低,局部复发率并不比联合组高,且生活质量明显提高。适当扩大盆腔内切除范围是减少低位直肠癌术后局部复发的关键。保肛手术治疗中低位直肠癌并不影响远期疗效。     

直肠癌术后放疗和单纯手术疗效的比较分析

 目的　探讨直肠癌术后追加放疗是否降低局部复发率。方法　全部病例采用Mile’s和Dixon术式 ,并随机分为术后放疗组 5 8例和单纯手术组 4 5例 ;术后放疗组设盆腔后野和两侧野照射 ,照射剂量为 4 5Gy/4 .5～ 5周 ,缩野追加 10～ 15Gy。结果　术后放疗组 5 8例 1/ 2、1、2年的局部复发率为 1.72 %、5 .17%、12 .0 7% ;单纯手术组为 8.89%、17.78%、35 .5 6 % ,两组 1年、2年局部复发率有显著差异。结论　直肠癌手术后放疗组局部复发率显著低于单纯手术组     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术后10年局部复发与部分乳腺放疗

目的:总结早期乳腺癌保乳手术后局部复发的表现,分析全乳放疗的作用.方法:1990年4月至1995年12月保乳治疗原发性早期乳腺癌49例.行象限切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫术40例,单纯肿块局部广泛切除术9例.术后全乳切线加瘤床放疗39例,全乳切线照射整个乳房,6-MV X线,中平面剂量45GY,瘤床补加电子束剂量15GY.结果:本组10年复发3例,占6.12%(3/49),均为非浸润性癌.术后不加全乳放疗组局部复发率高(2.56%与20.00%).行象限切除加腋窝淋巴结清扫手术组局部复发率低于单纯肿块局部广泛切除术组(2.5%与22.22%).局部复发病例l00%为原位复发.结论:保乳术后放疗是必要的,只限于肿瘤邻近区域足够剂量的放疗方式应该是可行的.     

直肠癌低位保肛术后局部复发的临床分析

目的探讨直肠癌低位保肛术后局部复发的原因及治疗。方法回顾性分析17例直肠癌低位保肛术后局部复发的临床病理资料。结果直肠癌低位保肛局部复发病例17例,以吻合口及周围组织复发为主,复发原因有未能保证全系膜切除、肠管切除不足、侧方淋巴结清扫不足等。复发病例中再行Miles术6例,术后1年生存率为75．0％（4例）,3年生存率为33．3％（2例）。结论对低位保肛患者术前肿瘤病理类型、临床分期的判断,是减少局部复发的关键。     

Ⅱ/Ⅲ期低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效观察

目的评价Ⅱ/Ⅲ期(DukesB/C期)低位直肠癌术前同步放化疗的疗效。方法对23例Ⅱ/Ⅲ期低位直肠癌患者放疗 同步口服希罗达,4～6周后行手术治疗。结果放化疗后肿瘤缩小,手术切除率为100.0%,保肛率为73.9%,局部复发率仅为4.4%,吻合口瘘的发生率为4.4%。结论对于Ⅱ/Ⅲ期(DukesB/C期)低位直肠癌患者术前同步放化疗可以提高手术切除率、保肛率,降低局部复发率,并不增加术后吻合口瘘的发生,是1种较好的治疗手段。     

直肠癌手术加术中放疗和单纯手术的疗效比较

目的 :探讨手术合并术中放疗对直肠癌的疗效。方法 :97例直肠癌患者在手术切除病灶后 ,用 9～16MeV电子线照射瘤床及周围淋巴引流区 ,照射剂量在 10～ 3 0Gy之间。并与单纯手术组 12 2例进行同期对照。结果 :DukesA期直肠癌手术加术中放疗对五年局部复发率和生存率无影响 ,DukesB期较单纯手术组三年、五年局部复发率分别下降 19%、2 0 .2 % ,三年、五年生存率分别提高 19.9%、2 7.2 % (P <0 .0 1) ;DukesC期较单纯手术组三年、五年局部复发率分别下降 2 8.8%、2 6.7% ,三年、五年生存率则分别提高 2 2 .2 %、3 2 .9% (P <0 .0 5) ;DukesD期患者较单纯手术组五年局部复发率虽下降 2 6.0 % ,但无统计学意义 ,五年生存率未见提高。术中放疗有可能增加粘连性肠梗阻的发生 ,无其他严重并发症。结论 :手术结合术中放疗能提高DukesB期、C期直肠癌的三年、五年生存率同时减少局部复发率     

中低位直肠癌新辅助放化疗的获益研究(附60例)

目的:探讨新辅助放化疗对中低位局部晚期直肠癌的保肛率、肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、无病生存期(DFS)与总生存期(OS)的影响。方法:总结2013年1月至2018年4月在我院住院的中低位局部晚期直肠癌患者60例,随机分为治疗组(新辅助放化疗后再手术)与对照组(手术后再辅助放化疗)各30例,对肿瘤下缘至肛门的距离<4 cm、4~6 cm、>6 cm进行分层,每个层别分别为10、30、20例,比较两组的保肛率、肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、DFS与OS。结果:肿瘤下缘距离肛门4~6 cm的患者治疗组的保肛率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),肿瘤下缘至肛门的距离<4 cm、>6 cm的患者治疗组与对照组的保肛率无统计学差异,治疗组与对照组的肿瘤局部复发率、远处转移率、DFS、OS与毒副反应比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:新辅助放化疗可能会给肿瘤下缘至肛门距离4~6 cm的局部晚期直肠癌患者带来保肛率上的获益,进而提高患者的生存质量,扩大病例数将进一步证实其可行性。     

联合放疗结合加温治疗低位直肠癌28例临床分析

目的:探讨低位直肠癌保肛综合治疗方法,减少局部并发症,提高生存质量.方法:采用外照射、腔内微波加温、近距离后装治疗及肛管施用器屏蔽的应用,综合治疗低位直肠癌28例.结果;本组28例3年随访观察期间,仅2例局部复发,3例远处转移,3年生存率和无瘤生存分别为85.7%(24/28例)和82.1%(23/28例).结论:低位直肠癌的保肛治疗,可通过综合治疗,单项减量、降低局部并发症和复发率,从而提高病人的生存质量.     

Chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer

Local recurrence is an important factor in determining the outcome of patients after surgery for rectal cancer, and various attempts have been made to reduce the local recurrence rate. Randomized controlled trials have shown that radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision can reduce the local recurrence rate in rectal cancer patients who undergo curative surgery. Chemoradiotherapy is more effective in achieving local control than radiotherapy alone, and preoperative chemoradiotherapy is superior to postoperative chemoradiotherapy in terms of adverse events. Recent advances have led to the identification of potential therapeutic targets such as epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and endothelial receptors. These new agents have been used in combination with conventional chemoradiotherapy, and higher pathological complete response rates have been reported for such combinations in comparison with conventional regimens. With regard to lateral node dissection, a recent study showed that postoperative chemoradiotherapy was more effective in reducing the local recurrence rate than lateral node dissection. As for adjuvant chemotherapy, one randomized controlled trial showed that patients who received uracil and tegafur as adjuvant therapy had significantly prolonged relapse-free survival times and overall survival times. As well, one metaanalysis has shown the efficacy of oral uracil-tegafur as adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer.     

Adjuvant radiotherapy following radical hysterectomy for patients with early-stage cervical carcinoma (1984-1996).

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the results of treatment (surgery alone or surgery and postoperative radiotherapy) for early-stage cervical carcinoma and to determine the morbidity associated with adjuvant radiotherapy. A subset of these patients (n = 10) was irradiated postoperatively for tumor related negative prognostic factors only and this retrospective analysis was also performed to determine if this decision was right and if the selection for this treatment was based on the right criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1984 to 1996, 233 women underwent radical hysterectomy as primary treatment of stage I or IIA cervical carcinoma. One hundred and fifty-six patients were treated with surgery alone (67%) and 77 patients (33%) received adjuvant radiotherapy for a, tumor related negative prognostic factors: the combination CLS(+), tumor size > or = 40 mm and poor differentiation grade or the combination tumor size > or = 40 mm and depth of invasion > or = 15 mm (n = 10), or b, positive surgical margins (n = 17), and/or c. lymphnode metastases (n = 42) and/ or d. parametrial involvement (n = 6). RESULTS: For the entire group the most important prognostic factor for survival and disease free survival was node positivity. Additional factors were depth of invasion and positive surgical margins. Thirty-five patients recurred of which 12 after surgery alone. In all these cases the relapse was in the pelvis (100%). Of the 23 recurrences after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy 13 were seen in the pelvis (56%) (P = 0.003). All patients with negative prognostic factors and N0, received adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 10) and none of these patients recurred. The incidence of severe gastrointestinal radiation related side effects was low (2%). The incidence of lymphedema of the leg was 11% which was similar in the surgery alone group. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively low percentage of radiation related side effects together with 0% recurrence in a subgroup of node negative patients with high risk of recurrence, and a relatively low percentage of recurrence in the surgery alone group lead us to the conclusion that postoperative radiotherapy in special subsets of node negative patients is justified.     

Adjuvant therapy for colorectal carcinoma

Adjuvant therapy for colorectal carcinoma has been developed over the last two decades. We have reviewed the history of adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal carcinoma in the United States, Europe and Japan with regard to the rationale of the chemotherapy regimen and the survival benefit for the establishment of a standard regimen. Treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy had an overall survival benefit, compared with surgery alone, in randomized controlled trials in the United States and Europe for Dukes' C colon carcinoma. In contrast, the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for Dukes' B colon carcinoma and for rectal carcinoma has not yet been established. In Japan, randomized controlled trials have examined combination treatment with mitomycin (MMC) and oral fluoropyrimidines for colorectal carcinoma compared with surgery alone. A meta-analysis indicated that combination treatment with MMC and oral fluoropyrimidines had a survival benefit for colorectal carcinoma. The survival benefit of combination treatment with irinotecan (CPT-11) + 5-FU + LV or uracil + tegaful (UFT) + LV (Orzel) for adjuvant chemotherapy are currently being compared with 5-FU + LV. Meta-analysis revealed a survival benefit at 2-years in the prevention of liver metastasis following intraportal or intraarterial infusion of 5-FU. The survival benefit of preoperative radiotherapy was superior to postoperative radiotherapy for advanced rectal carcinoma in association with the prevention of local recurrence. Clinical trial data suggest that the current standard regimen of adjuvant chemotherapy is a combination of 5-FU and LV for Dukes' C colon carcinoma and that radiotherapy for local control of rectal carcinoma has a survival benefit.     

Results of external beam irradiation for rectal carcinomas locally recurrent after local excision or electrocoagulation

The outcome of 42 patients who developed locally recurrent rectal carcinoma after initial local excision or electrocoagulation was presented. Five patients received combined surgery and radiotherapy (XRT). The remaining 37 patients were managed by XRT alone. The overall 5 year actuarial survival and local control rates were 21 and 22%, respectively. For patients who received XRT alone, the 5 year actuarial survival and local control rates were 20 and 15%, respectively. The corresponding figures were 35 and 40% for patients who received a total XRT dose of 50 Gy or more. One patient who underwent combined treatment developed rectal and bladder incontinence requiring surgery. For patients with rectal recurrence after initial conservative surgery, XRT is an alternative to abdominoperineal resection if major surgical resection is contraindicated.     

Local recurrence of rectal cancer after total mesorectal excision without preoperative radiotherapy

Background: At this moment, it is still debatable whether all patients with mobile rectal cancer who undergo surgical removal of the tumor should be treated with preoperative radiotherapy, since it is likely that only certain patients will benefit from this strategy. In this study, patients with mobile rectal cancer were immediately operated upon and only those with positive nodes or with incomplete resection received adjuvant radiotherapy. Aims of the Study: To investigate the local recurrence rate after the use of a selective policy of adjuvant radiotherapy and to determine risk factors for local recurrence. Methods: In a 5-yr-period, 178 patients with rectal cancer were referred to our institute. A total of 131 patients with mobile rectal cancer were treated with curative intent, which implied a microscopically radical resection and no signs of distant metastasis at operation. A retrospective analysis was undertaken to investigate the incidence of local recurrence in this curative group and to determine risk factors for local recurrence. Results: The postoperative mortality in the curative group was 5.3%. Local recurrences were observed in 6 patients (4.6%) after a median period of 25 mo (range 11–37); two of them also had distant metastases detected at the same time. The highest local recurrence rates were seen in men (5.3%), in distal rectal cancers (6.9%), and in the node-positive group (8.7%). Conclusion: A low local recurrence rate can be achieved after total mesorectal excision (TME) without preoperative radiotherapy. Our results suggest using preoperative radiotherapy only for those patients who are at a higher risk for local recurrence. Staging techniques for selection of these patients are at this moment still inappropriate.     

子宫肉瘤术后辅助治疗102例临床观察

[目的]探讨子宫肉瘤术后辅助治疗的疗效.[方法]回顾性分析102例子宫肉瘤,其中单纯手术25例,术后放疗23例,术后化疗32例,术后放化疗22例.[结果]5年生存率单纯手术组为32.0%,术后放疗组34.7%,术后化疗组31.2%,术后放化疗组36.4%;盆腔复发和远处转移率单纯手术组分别为48%和36%,术后放疗组为34%和30.4%,术后化疗组为40.6%和28.1%,术后放化疗组为31.8%和27.3%.总5年生存率为33.3%.[结论]子宫肉瘤术后辅助放疗可减少盆腔复发,辅以化疗可延缓和降低远处转移,两者均可提高无瘤生存率,但不能提高总的生存率.     

Extramammary Paget's disease of the perineal skin: role of radiotherapy.

We have reviewed our treatment results in 65 patients with extramammary Paget's disease arising in the vulva, perianal area, or scrotum. In 30 patients with primary disease, positive surgical margins were found in 53%, and there was an actuarial local recurrence rate of 40% within 5 years. The median follow-up period for primary extramammary Paget's disease patients treated with surgery alone was 198 months, and none died of this disease. Three patients treated with definitive radiotherapy were without recurrence at 12, 21, and 60 months after 56 Gy of supervoltage x-rays. In 22 patients with extramammary Paget's disease and associated adnexal or rectal adenocarcinoma, nine treated with surgery alone had a 75% local control rate. Three patients treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy all had local control; of two patients treated with radiotherapy alone, one had persistent adenocarcinoma. The median survival for all patients with extramammary Paget's disease and adenocarcinoma was 22 months. We conclude that patients with extramammary Paget's disease have excellent survival but that local recurrence and morbidity from surgery, especially in the elderly, can be high. Radiotherapy greater than 50 Gy as primary treatment for extramammary Paget's disease in those medically unfit for surgery, or as an alternative to further surgery for recurrence after surgery and for anyone wishing to avoid mutilating surgery, is indicated. For those with adenocarcinoma and extramammary Paget's disease, the use of adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy in doses greater than 55 Gy is indicated because of the high risk of local recurrence after surgery alone.     

根治手术与放疗辅助常规化疗对早期声门型喉癌局部控制率、生存率及并发症的影响

目的 研究根治手术与放疗分别辅助常规化疗对早期声门型喉癌患者局部控制率、生存率及并发症风险的影响.方法 选择早期声门型喉癌患者80例.采用随机数表法分为放疗组和手术组,每组各40例,放疗组给予放疗辅助小剂量化疗,手术组给予根治手术辅助小剂量化疗.比较两组患者的临床疗效、喉功能改善情况、并发症和复发转移情况.结果 放疗组患者的生存率、无瘤生存率和局部控制率分别为95.00％、80.00％和85.00％,手术组分别为92.50％、87.50％和90.00％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).放疗组喉功能完全改善和部分改善例数多于手术组,未改善例数少于手术组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).手术组出现1例喉腔狭窄,2例皮下气肿,2例肺部感染和6例切口感染,放疗组出现3例吞咽困难,3例肺部感染和7例放射性皮炎/咽炎,两组患者并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).手术组有8例出现复发,其中原发灶复发6例,颈部淋巴结转移2例,放疗组患者有9例出现复发,其中其中原发灶复发7例,颈部淋巴结转移2例,两组患者的复发转移情况比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 根治手术与放疗分别辅助常规化疗对早期声门型喉癌患者的疗效相近,效果较好,并发症和复发转移情况类似,放疗辅助常规化疗对喉功能的影响较小,患者生活质量较高.