延期留置空肠穿刺造口管间断肠内营养在进展期胃癌术后辅助化疗中的应用

目的研究延期留置空肠穿刺追口管间断肠内营养在进展期胃癌术后辅助化疗中应用的可行性及其临床疗效。方法将进展期胃癌术后行辅助化疗的72例病人随机分成A、B两组，各36例。均于术中放置空肠穿刺造口管，A组延期留置空肠穿刺追口管至化疗6个疗程结束，每个化疗疗程经空肠穿刺追口管给予肠内营养液；B组于化疗前拔除空肠穿刺追口管，每个化疗疗程给予普通饮食。比较化疗后两组，观察延期留王空肠穿刺造口管相关并发症。结果化疗后A组血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白及IL-2、NK细胞活性、CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋水平显著高于B组（P〉0．05）；化疗期间A组呕吐发生率显著低于B组，平均每日摄入量显著多于B组（P〈0．05），延期留置空肠穿刺造口管未发生相关严重并发症。结论延期留置空肠穿刺造口管间断肠内营养在进展期胃癌术后辅助化疗中应用是安全可行的，可以有效地提高术后辅助化疗痛人的营养及免疫状况。     

免疫增强型肠内营养在进展期胃癌术后辅助化疗中的临床观察

目的研究在进展期胃癌术后辅助化疗中应用免疫增强型肠内营养的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析本院2005年1月至2007年12月84例进展期胃癌术后辅助化疗患者的临床资料,所有患者均于术中放置空肠穿刺造口管,并延期留置空肠造口管至化疗6个疗程结束,根据术后辅助化疗期间应用不同肠内营养剂型将患者分成A、B两组,每组42例,其中A组为每个化疗疗程经空肠造口管给予免疫增强型肠内营养液（瑞能）,每天1500ml,共7天,B组为每个化疗疗程经空肠穿刺造口管给予普通匀浆膳食,每天1500ml,共7天;比较两组患者化疗后营养、免疫指标。结果化疗后A组血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白及IL-2、NK细胞活性、CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋水平显著高于B组（P〈O．05）。结论进展期胃癌在术后辅助化疗期间应用免疫增强型肠内营养可以减少化疗药物对患者营养及免疫状况的影响。     

输入袢空肠两点造口双向置管在胃癌毕Ⅱ式吻合术后早期及化疗期间肠内营养中的应用

目的 探讨胃癌毕Ⅱ式吻合+肠间吻合术后,经输入袢两点造口双向置管早期和化疗期间肠内营养支持的可行性、安全性和应用价值。方法 回顾性分析哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院2007年3月至2008年2月收治的62例行胃癌毕Ⅱ式吻合+肠间吻合术病人,实验组28例术中行输入袢两点造口双向置管,对照组34例术中经鼻咽置入胃管和空肠营养管。术后48h内开始行肠内营养支持。实验组化疗病人化疗期间经空肠造口营养管给予肠内营养支持。观察病人术后早期肠内营养支持期间不良反应、并发症及营养状况等,术后化疗病人观察营养和免疫指标等。结果 对照组排痰不利和睡眠不佳的发生率显著高于实验组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对照组并发症发生率高于实验组,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经过7d的肠内营养,实验组前白蛋白水平显著高于对照组,白细胞水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=2.347, P<0.05; t=2.870, P<0.01）。术后化疗期间,实验组病人的营养状态和免疫指标显著好于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 在胃癌毕Ⅱ式吻合+肠间吻合术后经输入袢两点造口双向置管行早期和化疗期间肠内营养支持是可行的、安全的,有利于病人术后早期恢复。为病人术后营养支持提供了一条重要的通道,值得临床大力推广。     

术前新辅助化疗结合肠内营养对胃癌患者肿瘤细胞增殖活性的影响分析

目的探讨术前新辅助化疗结合肠内营养对胃癌患者肿瘤细胞增殖活性的影响效果。 方法将2012年7月至2014年7月收治的132例进展期胃癌患者,随机分为观察组（术前新辅助化疗联合肠内营养）和对照组（单纯予以新辅助化疗）,各66例,采用流式细胞仪检测两组患者肿瘤标本的细胞增殖情况,通过CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、NK细胞的检测评价两组患者的免疫功能,检测血清学指标以及营养风险筛查（NRS评分）进行营养评价。 结果治疗前,两组患者的肿瘤细胞增殖活性、免疫指标、营养状况均差异无统计学意义。治疗后,观察组患者的CD4、CD4/CD8、NK、总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白均较对照组增加明显,DI、SPF、PI、CD8、NRS评分降低明显,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论术前新辅助化疗结合肠内营养可较好地降低肿瘤细胞的增殖活性,改善其免疫水平及营养状况。     

低热量营养支持对胃癌术后营养状态和免疫功能的影响

目的比较低热量肠内肠外营养支持对胃癌术后营养状态和免疫功能的影响。方法将123例可切除胃癌患者随机分成A、B两组,术后第2天始分别接受低热量肠内营养(HEN组)和低热量肠外营养(HPN组)。比较两组术后的氮平衡和营养、免疫指标。结果HEN组术后氮丢失少,氮储留率(58.3%)高,术后前白蛋白、转铁蛋白、血免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM下降少,CD3和CD4/CD8易恢复至术前水平;与HPN组比较,差异具统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HEN支持有利于胃癌术后营养状态和免疫功能的改善。     

床旁徒手留置空肠管术联合肛管减压法在严重多发伤中的应用

目的 探究床旁徒手留置空肠管术联合肛管减压法对严重多发伤患者营养状态、预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析90例本院2020年7月至2023年7月收治的严重多发伤患者资料,按患者的置管意愿及置管成功与否分为3组,即A组（n=30）行鼻胃管肠内营养,B组（n=30）行鼻肠管肠内营养,C组（n=30）行床旁徒手留置空肠管术联合肛管减压法后喂养。比较干预前后患者营养状况及实验室检查结果以及预后情况。结果 C组PA、Hb水平较A组、B组升高,而WBC、PCT较A组、B组降低（P<0.05）;C组脓毒症、MODS发生率以及28 d病死率较A组、B组更少（P<0.05）。结论 床旁徒手留置空肠管术联合肛管减压法可以改善严重多发伤患者营养状态、实验室检查结果,降低营养风险,利于患者预后。     

胰十二指肠切除术后经空肠营养管行自制膳食肠内营养支持的临床研究

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术后经空肠营养管给予自制膳食行肠内营养支持治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析我科2006年12月至2010年3月行胰十二指肠切除术60例,其中术中置空肠营养管（肠内营养组,EN组）28例,未置空肠营养管（肠外营养组,PN组）32例,比较两组的肠功能恢复（排气时间）、营养状况（血清白蛋白、总蛋白、前白蛋白）、住院时间、住院治疗费用、术后并发症（吻合口瘘发生率）等方面指标.结果 两组均完成营养支持计划,在住院时间、住院治疗费用、术后营养状况、肠功能恢复时间、术后并发症发生率方面组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 术中留置空肠营养管术后行自制膳食营养支持治疗具有住院时间短、费用低、营养状况改善明显、并发症发生率低等优点.     

谷氨酰胺强化肠内营养支持对全胃切除术后营养及免疫功能影响的研究

目的 探讨经胃十二指肠管谷氨酰胺强化肠内营养支持对全胃切除术后营养及免疫功能的影响。 方法 收集2006年10月至2009年2月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院普外科接受全胃切除术的72例进展期胃癌病人,随机分为谷氨酰胺强化肠内营养（EN+Gln）组、肠内营养（EN）组和对照组。在术后48h内待一般情况稳定后即开始给予肠内营养。观察肛门排气恢复时间、术后并发症发生率及住院时间,分别于术前1d、术后3d和12d检测总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白,术后7d检测外周血NK细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+ T细胞和免疫球蛋白IgM、IgG。 结果 EN+Gln组与EN组术后并发症发生率及住院时间均低于对照组。术后第3天3组病人总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白及转铁蛋白均较术前明显下降,且对照组总蛋白、白蛋白及转铁蛋白下降幅度更大（P<0.05）,术后第14天时EN+Gln组与EN组的总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白及转铁蛋白水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。术后第7天EN+Gln组CD4+T细胞、NK细胞百分比和IgM、IgG较术前明显升高,且较EN组和对照组同期显著升高（P<0.05）。 结论 全胃切除术病人围手术期谷氨酰胺强化肠内营养支持有助于改善营养和免疫状态、促进术后恢复,减少并发症发生率和缩短住院时间。     

对肠内营养支持的再认识

目的对肠内营养支持的发展现状进行总结。方法复习近年来国内外关于肠内营养支持的研究文献,并进行综述。结果存在营养不良和营养风险的患者仍占据住院患者群体的一大部分。在其治疗过程中,肠内营养支持发挥了重要作用,其能够改善患者不良临床结局,如缩短住院时间及减少住院花费。肠内营养途径有口服和管饲,目前喂养管放置技术包括鼻胃置管、鼻空肠置管、术中胃或空肠造口、经皮内镜下胃造口、经皮内镜下胃造口-空肠置管等。在实施肠内营养(尤其是术后开展早期肠内营养支持)过程中,需重视患者的耐受性,如腹胀腹泻、反流和误吸,以利于患者的术后康复。结论专业化和个体化应始终贯彻在临床肠内营养支持的全过程。     

针刺导管空肠造口术肠内营养在胰十二指肠切除术病人中的应用

目的探讨针刺导管空肠造口术(NCJ)肠内营养(EN)在胰十二指肠切除术病人中的应用效果。方法32例病人,16例术后肠外营养(PN)(对照组),16例术后行导管空肠造口术(NCJ)肠内营养(EN)治疗(实验组)。结果术后实验组的胃肠动力比对照组的恢复早(P<0.05)。治疗前两组病人血蛋白指标(白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白)无明显差异。治疗后两组均升高,而实验组血蛋白指标的水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),二者差异显著。结论导管空肠造口术(NCJ)肠内营养(EN)应用于胰十二指肠切除术病人中比肠外营养(PN)具有更多的优点。     

The nasojejunal tube in early postoperative nutrition]

BACKGROUND: To verify the effectiveness of the nasojejunal tube inserted during operation as an alternative to jejunostomy to perform early enteral feeding. METHODS: Experimental design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of Surgery, General Hospital. Patients: 27 patients undergoing laparotomy because of a gastric pathology. Interventions: In 18 patients before construction of the distal jejunum anastomosis the tube was inserted by nasal route and advanced into the jejunum ansa until the end reached 15 to 20 cm down the anastomosis (group A); 9 patients underwent a jejunostomy according to Delany (group B). All the patients started enteral feeding 24 hours after operation and had the same polymeric diet, given to them using the same procedures. Measures: postoperative complications, tube intolerance, intestinal tolerance. RESULTS: The degree of non-acceptance of the tube was: absent in 3 patients of group A and in 7 patients of group B (p > 0.05); slight in 6 patients of group A and in 2 patients of group B (p > 0.05); medium in 9 patients of group A and in no one of the group B (p no measurable); high in neither groups. The intestinal tolerance was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nasojejunal tube is an effective alternative to jejunostomy to perform early postoperative enteral feeding.     

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??Role of “two-point” stoma and pacing tubes bilateral through afferent loop of patients with Billroth ?? and Braun anastomosis during post operation and chemotherapy SONG Hong-jiang, WEI Yu-zhe, WANG Tie, et al. Department of Stomach Intestine Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Corresponding author: XUE Ying-wei, E-mail: XYW801@sina.com Abstract Objective To study the feasibility, safety and clinical effects of “two-point” stoma and pacing tubes bilateral through afferent loop of Billroth ?? anastomosis in the early postoperative enteral nutrition and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients of gastric cancer. Methods 62 patients with gastric cancer underwent Billroth ?? and Braun anastomosis were randomLy divided into experimental group (jejunostomy group, n=28) and control group (through nose group, n=34). All of the patients received EN 1d after surgery and continue at least 7d. experimental group received enteral nutrition through the tube during chemotherapy, the adverse effect, nutritional status and gastrointestinal comp lications were carefully observed during early postoperative enteral nutrition. A series of parameters were measured post chemotherapy. Results In early postoperative enteral nutrition, the incidence rate of disadvantage spit sputum and dyssomnia of experimental group were significantly lower than control group (P<0.05).The incidences of complication in experimental group was higher than that of in control group, but there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). After treatment for 7 days postoperation, the ratios of prealbumin were significantly increased in experimental group (t=2.347, P<0.05), and the level of WBC in experimental group was lower than control group (t=2.870, P<0.01). In post-chemotherapy, the nutritional status and immune state of experimental group were better than control group (P<0.05). Conclusion It is safe and feasible to enteral nutrition supported by “two-point” stoma and pacing tubes bilateral through afferent loop of patients with Billroth ?? and Braun anastomosis. The method gives one more nutritional way for patients after operation.     

Enteral nutrition during multimodality therapy in upper gastrointestinal cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate long-term enteral nutrition support in postoperative cancer patients. BACKGROUND: Multimodality therapy for surgical patients with upper gastrointestinal malignancies may improve survival, but often results in substantial malnutrition, immunosuppression, and morbidity. The benefits of combined inpatient and outpatient enteral feeding with standard diets or diets supplemented with arginine, RNA + omega-3 fatty acids are unclear. METHODS: Sixty adult patients with esophageal (22), gastric (16), and pancreatic (22) lesions were stratified by disease site and percent usual weight and randomized to receive supplemental or standard diet via jejunostomy beginning on the first postoperative day (goal = 25 kcal/kg/day) until hospital discharge. Patients also were randomized to receive (n = 37) or not receive (n = 23) enteral jejunostomy feedings (1000 kcal/day overnight) for the 12- to 16-week recovery and radiation/chemotherapy periods. Plasma and peripheral white blood cells were obtained for fatty acid levels and PGE2 production measurements. RESULTS: Mean plasma and cellular omega 3/omega 6 fatty acid levels (percent composition) increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the arginine + omega-3 fatty acid group by postoperative day 7 (0.30 vs. 0.13) and (0.29 vs. 0.14) and continued to increase over time. Mean PGE2 production decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 2760 to 1600 ng/10(6) cells/mL at day 7 in the arginine + omega-3 fatty acid group, whereas no significant change over time was noted in the standard group. Infectious/wound complications occurred in 10% of the supplemented group compared with 43% of the standard group (p < 0.05); mean length of hospital stay was 16 vs. 22 (p < 0.05) days, respectively. Of the patients who received postoperative chemoradiation therapy, only 1 (6%) of the 18 patients randomized to receive tube feeding did not continue, whereas 8 (61%) of the 13 patients not randomized to tube feedings required crossover to jejunostomy nutritional support. CONCLUSIONS: Supplemental enteral feeding significantly increased plasma and peripheral white blood cell omega 3/omega 6 ratios and significantly decreased PGE2 production and postoperative infectious/wound complications compared with standard enteral feeding. For outpatients receiving adjuvant therapy, those initially randomized to oral feedings alone required rehospitalization more frequently, and 61% crossed over to supplemental enteral feedings.     

Postoperative bezoar ileus after early enteral feeding

Postoperative enteral nutrition is a widely accepted route of application for nutrition formulas due to a low complication rate, a good acceptance by patients. and a favorable cost-effectiveness. We report three cases of bezoar ileus after early postoperative enteral nutrition, using a fine needle jejunostomy (FNJ) in two cases and a nasoduodenal tube in one case. A male patient who underwent gastric resection for a gastrointestinal stroma tumor and was nourished through an fine needle jejunostomy developed an acute abdomen on the seventh postoperative day. Surgical exploration revealed a mechanical ileus caused by denaturated nutrition formula distal to the catheter tip. The second case, a female patient, underwent gastric resection for a gastric cancer and on the fourth postoperative day developed acute onset of abdominal pain. Intraoperative findings were the same as described in the first case. The third case, a male patient with necrotizing cholecystitis, underwent open cholecystectomy. Postoperative enteral feeding was performed using a nasoduodenal tube. He developed a small bowel obstruction on the 17th postoperative day that was caused by an intraluminal bezoar. In conclusion, bezoar formation represents an underestimated complication of postoperative enteral feeding. Acute onset of abdominal pain and the development of small bowel obstruction are the main clinical symptoms of this severe complication. The pathogenesis of bezoar formation remains unclear.     

Postoperative enteral feeding in digestive anastomosis with proximal oesophageal partner

This paper aim is to discuss the advantages of enteral postoperative feeding on patients submitted to surgery finalized through an eso-digestive anastomosis; in these cases enteral feeding is often delayed 5-8 days after the surgery, and in case of an anastomotic dehiscence may be even impossible. Also, the paper promotes duodenostomy as an important enteral feeding way, and discusses the indications and contraindications of different enteral nutrition pathways in such cases. There were studied 230 cases, 149 cases submitted to cancer surgery and 81 cases with benign condition surgery followed by an eso-digestive anastomosis, in which the following enteral nutrition pathways was practiced: nasogastric or naso-esojejunal feeding tube (55 cases); Witzel jejunostomy (28 cases); gastrostomy (79 cases); duodenostomy (68 cases). Postoperative morbidity induced exclusively by the enteral nutrition pathway was encountered in 36% of patients. On patients with an eso-gastric cervical anastomosis or esogastric thoracic anastomosis we used jejunostomy as enteral feeding path and a gastric tube passed by pyloric canal for gastric decompression. In cases of esophageal reconstruction for benign esophageal strictures gastrostomy remains the best feeding method. Duodenostomy was practiced as a feeding pathway in cases of total gastrectomy with esojejunal anastomosis, with closure of the duodenal stump.     

Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy in a patient with previous esophagectomy

Establishment of a percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy via direct jejunal puncture was accomplished in a 45-year-old woman five years after a partial esophagectomy with cervical esophagogastrostomy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The patient had recurrence of the cancer at the anastomotic site with subsequent inability to eat, necessitating a feeding tube for prolonged enteral nutrition. Although percutaneous puncture of the jejunum has been previously described, it has been limited to patients who had undergone partial or complete gastrectomies with Bilroth II anastomoses. This case report of direct endoscopic jejunal tube placement in a patient after esophagectomy further establishes this procedure as a viable alternative to surgically placed feeding tubes in patients with altered gastric anatomy.     

A novel technique of permanent self-catheterizable feeding jejunostomy

Long-term/permanent jejunal feeding in children and adults is prone to significant complications, such as leakage, skin excoriation, and difficulty in reinsertion after dislodgement of the jejunostomy tube. Our innovative jejunostomy technique uses a pedicle segment of jejunum, which is retubularized using the principle of Monti. The jejunal segment is reinserted through a submucosal tunnel back into the jejunum. The other end is brought out onto the abdominal wall. The technique achieves a continent catheterizable jejunal stoma for enteral feeding.