30例急性脑梗死患者行Solitaire AB支架取栓术的护理

总结了Solitaire AB支架机械取栓治疗急性脑梗死的护理要点,包括术前积极进行术前准备,术后做好血压监测与管理,神经功能评估,预防并发症及康复护理。结果,30例患者均取栓成功,26例闭塞血管均完全开通,4例血管未能完全开通,其中2例因再通后仍存在血管狭窄而放置支架。认为Solitaire AB支架取栓术是有效的治疗手段,抢救了患者生命,降低了致残率,提高了患者的生活质量,同时,支架术后密切观察患者意识、瞳孔、血压及有无再灌注损伤等并发症及进行早期康复锻炼是重要的护理措施,也是手术成功的重要环节。     

Solitaire AB支架机械取栓治疗急性颅内动脉闭塞的护理

目的探讨Solitaire AB支架机械取栓治疗急性颅内动脉闭塞的护理。方法回顾性分析36例采用Solitaire AB支架机械取栓术治疗的急性颅内动脉闭塞患者的临床资料,术前建立急救流程与绿色通道,积极快速进行术前准备,术后做好血压的监测与管理、加强并发症的观察与护理、同时加强康复护理。结果2例取栓未成功,术中行DynaCT检查,明显再灌注出血,结束手术。其余34例取栓成功,造影显示血管再通,取栓术后3 d复查SWI提示再灌注微出血16例。出院后1～3个月随访mRs,显示0分11例、1分14例、2分5例、3分3例、5分1例、6分2例。结论T6SS配合做好Solitaire AB支架机械取栓术患者的护理,能最大程度为患者赢得手术时间,减少术后并发症,通过实施康复护理可减轻残障程度,帮助患者回归家庭和社会。     

18例急性大脑中动脉闭塞病人行机械取栓术治疗的护理

[目的]总结急性大脑中动脉闭塞病人行机械取栓术治疗的护理。[方法]对18例急性大脑中动脉闭塞病人行Solitaire+AB支架取栓治疗,同时加强术前护理、术后病情观察、心理护理、穿刺侧肢体护理、药物治疗及护理、饮食指导、康复指导。[结果]18例病人均取栓成功,取栓后即刻造影显示大脑中动脉(MCA)再通15例,部分开通3例;术后均未发生并发症,3周～4周均康复出院。[结论]加强急性大脑中动脉闭塞病人行机械取栓术治疗的护理,是手术成功的保证。     

急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓联合机械取栓治疗的特殊护理问题及对策

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓联合机械取栓治疗的特殊护理问题及对策。方法对16例急性脑梗死患者进行静脉溶栓治疗并联合Solitaire支架取栓,同时强化术前护理、术后生命体征及病情的监测、穿刺侧肢体护理、并发症的监护等。结果全脑血管造影显示颈内动脉闭塞6例,大脑中动脉闭塞8例,基底动脉闭塞2例,取栓后再通11例,部分开通5例;术后1例患者出现脑干出血死亡,2例患者出现牙龈出血,1例患者出现鼻黏膜出血,15例患者住院2周康复出院。结论加强对急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓联合机械取栓治疗的特殊问题的护理,是手术成功及减少并发症发生的关键。     

Solitaire支架取栓再通后经解脱 治疗医源性颈动脉夹层1例

<正>急性颅内大血管闭塞发病急、病情重,急诊血管内治疗能在有效时间内再通血管,挽救患者生命。本文报告1例急性大脑中动脉闭塞患者接受静脉溶栓桥接血管内治疗：首选直接抽吸技术取栓失败,采用Solitaire取栓支架补救性拉栓实现血管再通后,靶血管近端出现医源性夹层,而后解脱Solitaire支架实现夹层贴壁治疗,最终获得满意疗效。     

Solitaire支架联合Neuro导管治疗颅内大动脉急性闭塞的术中护理

[目的]总结Solitaire支架取栓联合Neuro导管抽吸治疗颅内大动脉急性闭塞的术中护理要点。[方法]对6例颅内大动脉急性闭塞病人通过Solitaire支架取栓联合Neuro导管抽吸治疗,加强术中护理。[结果]6例病人血管再通,术中医护配合良好。[结论]快速有效地完善术前准备、密切观察病情、熟练的术中护理配合是手术成功的关键。     

Solitaire AB支架治疗急性脑血管闭塞的护理

目的探讨急性脑血管闭塞患者Solitaire AB支架机械取栓手术治疗后的效果和护理方法。方法回顾性总结16例急性脑血管闭塞行机械取栓治疗的患者资料。按照TICI评估血管再通情况,术后加强对血压、生命体征的监测、心律失常的监护、脑血管痉挛的防治、呼吸功能的维护、足背动脉及手术创口的观察等。对于术前及术后1周进行NIHSS评分及ADL评分,出院3月后采用门诊或电话随访对患者进行mRS评分。结果 14例患者闭塞血管达到充分再通标准,再通率为87.5%;其中10例患者闭塞血管完全再通,2例患者闭塞血管开通失败。14例患者未发生术后并发症,2例患者术后出现脑出血。14例患者术后临床症状较治疗均有前有不同程度改善,于3~4周内康复出院,术前与术后不同时间的NIHSS评分、ADL评分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。随访3个月后,临床结局预后良好患者12例(mRS评分≤2分),2例mRS评分3分,2例mRS评分5分。结论 Solitaire AB支架治疗急性脑血管闭塞能够获得良好的效果,预后恢复良好。术后加强护理,能够提高手术成功率,严格控制血压,密切监护生命体征情况,是确保手术成功的重要环节。     

静脉溶栓桥接动脉内取栓治疗颅内血管闭塞的临床效果及安全性分析

目的 探讨颅内血管闭塞患者实施静脉溶栓桥接动脉内取栓治疗的临床效果。方法 于2020年9月至2022年9月在寿光市人民医院采集病例资料入档,择取符合纳排标准的70例颅内血管闭塞患者展开研究,于发病≤4.5 h内实施静脉溶栓,纳入对象根据取栓方式分组,划分为对照组（予以单纯动脉内支架取栓）与观察组（予以支架取栓联合抽吸取栓）,各纳入35例。观察对比两组患者血管开通效果、血管再通时间、取栓次数、神经功能缺损情况、预后情况、术后并发症率。结果 两组患者血管再通率对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组血管再通时间短于对照组,取栓次数和术后72 h的NIHSS评分均低于对照组（均P <0.05）;观察组预后良好率术后并发症率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 在静脉溶栓基础上实施动脉支架+抽吸取栓技术,相较于静脉溶栓桥接单纯支架取栓,对颅内血管闭塞患者可取得更好的血管开通效果,减轻神经功能缺损,减少取栓次数,以取得良好预后。     

Solitaire AB型支架机械取栓术治疗前循环远端急性动脉 闭塞的围术期护理

目的 探讨Solitaire AB型支架机械取栓术治疗前循环远端急性动脉闭塞的围术期护理方法及临床效果.方法 对18例前循环远端急性动脉闭塞患者的临床资料进行回顾总结,所有患者均进行围术期护理,对患者术后的血管畅通程度进行分级,比较手术前后的NIHSS评分,观察护理过程中并发症的发生情况,观察患者的预后.结果 18例患者均得到了有效的血管再通,治疗成功率100%;患者手术前后的NIHSS评分比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);18例患者均未出现下肢静脉血栓以及排泄系统并发症,其中5例患者出现脑出血,进行对应治疗后3例患者好转,2例患者因病情危重发生1例死亡,1例家属放弃治疗后出院;3例患者出现再灌注损伤,经过减压、抗凝等治疗后好转,护理的总有效率为88.9%(16/18),预后良好.结论 采用积极、有效的临床护理可以减少术后并发症的发生、改善患者预后,对前循环远端动脉急性阻塞患者的机械取栓治疗具有较大地帮助.     

急性脑梗死患者机械取栓后发生血管再闭塞的影响因素分析

目的 探讨急性脑梗死患者机械取栓后发生血管再闭塞的影响因素。方法 选取洛阳伊洛医院2019年6月至2022年6月收治的96例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象，均采取机械取栓治疗，按照治疗结果分为发生血管再闭塞组和未发生血管再闭塞组。比较两组的一般资料，Logistic回归分析明确急性脑梗死患者机械取栓后发生血管再闭塞的危险因素。结果 发生血管再闭塞26例(纳入发生血管再闭塞组),未发生血管再闭塞70例(纳入未发生血管再闭塞组),血管再闭塞发生率为27.08%(26/96)。单因素分析显示发生血管再闭塞组性别、发作至取栓时间、美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、糖尿病、责任动脉狭窄、取栓次数与未发生血管再闭塞组比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示，发作至取栓时间、NIHSS评分≥13分、责任动脉狭窄、取栓次数>3次是急性脑梗死患者机械取栓后发生血管再闭塞的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 急性脑梗死患者机械取栓后发生血管再闭塞与发作至取栓时间、NIHSS评分、责任动脉狭窄及取栓次数有关，临床使用机械取栓治疗急性脑梗死时应注意以上因素可能...     

急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire AB支架取栓术中护理

目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire AB支架取栓术中护理配合方法。方法:回顾性分析我科2012年4月~2013年4月25例急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire AB支架取栓术中护理配合方法与观察要点。结果:25例患者取栓均获得成功,术中5例发生剧烈呕吐,经及时处理后手术顺利完成。5例患者术后即刻一般情况和肢体肌力较术前有改善。25例手术中医护配合良好,术中无死亡病例。结论:急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire AB支架取栓术中严密的护理观察与密切配合,特别是对术中"三个节点"的密切观察,是及时发现病情变化,提高手术成功率和确保患者安全的重要环节。     

Application of retrievable Solitaire AB stents in the endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke

Purpose: Retrievable stents are widely used in acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, the results remain unclear in Chinese patients. This study aimed to explore the usefulness of Solitaire AB stents in AIS.Materials and Methods: Seventy-three AIS patients treated with Solitaire AB stents for thrombectomy of large artery occlusion of anterior circulation in January 2014-June 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Recanalization was assessed with the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) scale. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Operation-related complications were recorded. The main factors affecting successful recanalization with Solitaire AB were analyzed.Results: The 73 patients enrolled included 39 males and 34 females (median age of 59 [31-78] years); 77 Solitaire AB stents were used. The initial recanalization rate with Solitaire AB as the first thrombectomy method was 53.42% (39/73; recanalization group). Among the 34 patients with failed stent retrieval, 32 underwent other treatments; the final arterial recanalization rate was 89.04% (65/73). Perioperative embolization events and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) occurred in 5 and 8 patients, respectively. The mean NIHSS score was 9.12±3.86 one week after thrombectomy, significantly lower compared with admission values. In 31 patients (42.47%), NIHSS score decreased by >8. Good functional independence (mRS score≤2) was achieved in 39 patients (53.42%) at 90 days; 12 patients (16.44%) died. Compared with the recanalization group, the remaining patients showed lower AF and higher LAA percentages.Conclusion: Solitaire AB stents are useful in the endovascular treatment of AIS.     

急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire AB支架行血栓取出术的初步经验(附16例分析)

目的探讨自膨胀、可完全收回的支架(Solitaire AB;ev3 Inc,California)在急性缺血性脑卒中血管再通治疗中的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析16例以颈内动脉和(或)大脑中动脉阻塞出现临床症状的缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料,探讨在发病8 h内单独使用Solitaire AB支架行脑动脉血栓取出术的治疗方法与疗效,包括美国国立卫生院卒中量表NIHSS评分、治疗时间。结果所有患者在股动脉穿刺后90 min内完成血栓取出术,平均时间60 min,无一例患者在支架释放、去除血栓后需要其他辅助治疗,无与操作相关并发症出现。60%的患者在3个月后功能完全恢复。结论 Solitaire AB支架能迅速、安全、有效地达到血管再通、移除血栓,而不必终生支架置入的目的,可以作为一种有效的治疗方法,能降低病死率,减少并发症,改善患者预后。     

Evaluation of using a double helical,closed-cell stent-retriever (Skyflow) for thrombectomy procedures in acute arterial occlusion: A preclinical study and a clinical trial

Background and purposeStent retriever thrombectomy is the standard therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke with acute large-vessel occlusion. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new thrombectomy device (Skyflow) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.MethodsAfter an arterial occlusion model was established, stent-retriever thrombectomy was performed. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and autopsy were carried out immediately after thrombectomy in six animals in the acute experimental group. Simulated stent-retriever thrombectomy was performed for three animals in the subacute experimental group, and follow-up angiography and vascular pathological examination were assessed 90 days after the operation. In the clinical trial, 192 patients with intracranial anterior circulation large vessel occlusion, within 8 ?h of symptom onset, were included to undergo thrombectomy with either Skyflow or Solitaire FR stent retriever. Efficacy and safety endpoints were recorded (including successful reperfusion, favorable clinical outcomes, time from puncture to reperfusion, instrument operation success rates and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at 7 days for efficacy endpoints, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and all-cause mortality rates for safety endpoints).ResultsAll blood vessels achieved successful recanalization in the animal models. In the clinical trial, successful recanalization was attained in 88.4% of patients of the Skyflow group, which was comparable to that of the Solitaire FR group (82.5%) in the full analysis set of the clinical trial. There were no severe complications on DSA, an animal autopsy, or vessel pathological examination in animal experiments. Additionally, no statistically significant difference was observed between the Skyflow and Solitaire FR groups in the clinical trial regarding the safety endpoints.ConclusionThis study showed that the new Skyflow stent retriever is safe and effective for the treatment of acute large vessel occlusion, as demonstrated in our animal study and human trial.     

急性脑梗死机械取栓术后补救性支架置入16例临床效果分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死机械取栓术后补救性支架植入术的有效性与安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年10月至2018年12月解放军联勤保障部队第985医院急性脑梗死机械取栓术后前向血流不能维持,采取补救性支架置入的16例患者临床资料,分析其术前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分、术后血管再通程度[脑梗死溶栓(thrombolysis incerebral infarction,TICI)分级]、机械取栓次数、术后血管再闭塞率、颅内出血发生率、术后1周NIHSS评分、90 d临床良好预后[改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin scale,mRs)=0~2分]比率等指标。结果16例患者机械取栓后共补救性置入支架16枚(其中Solitaire支架15枚,阿波罗支架1枚),TICI=3级者12例,TICI=2b级者4例。平均取栓次数为(3.25±1.09)次。7例存在局限性狭窄,支架置入前进行球囊扩张。从发病到血管再通时间为(10.96±3.24)h。术后24 h复查计算机断层摄影血管造影术(computed tomography angiography,CTA),显示血管再闭塞者3例,颅内出血3例(均<10 ml)。去骨瓣减压术2例,术前NIHSS评分(24.25±4.58)分,术后1周(7.44±5.09)分。90 d良好预后(mRs≤2)10例,死亡1例(肺部感染)。结论急性脑梗死机械取栓后,存在重度狭窄或前向血流不能维持时,采取Solitaire支架或其他支架补救性置入,并发症较少,临床效果较好。     

静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire支架取栓治疗急性后循环梗死并文献复习

目的探讨静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB支架取栓治疗急性后循环梗死的效果及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2017年8至9月聊城市人民医院神经内科采用桥接模式接受血管内治疗的急性后循环梗死患者3例资料,均为基底动脉闭塞,分析血管开通情况、并发症情况、神经功能改善情况、随访3个月时改良Rankin量表评分(mRS)和Barthel指数(BI)评分情况。 结果3例静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB支架取栓均成功再通,第1例静脉溶栓症状好转,4 h后症状加重并进入昏迷,考虑血管再闭塞,紧急启动机械取栓,术后第1天患者清醒;另2例患者静脉溶栓同时联合机械取栓,术后5～7 d复查颅脑CT及CT血管造影(CTA)均显示基底动脉通畅,未见梗死灶扩大,未发生症状性颅内出血(SICH)。3例患者出院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分较入院时降低16～27分,出院时mRS评分为3分1例,2分2例;3个月后mRS评分为2分1例,1分2例,BI评分均为95～100分。 结论颅内大血管闭塞患者可选择静脉溶栓桥接Solitaire AB支架取栓治疗,可提高血管再通率,有效改善预后。     

Efficacy of Solitaire AB stent-release angioplasty in acute middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction

BACKGROUNDIn both national and international studies, the safety and effectiveness of treatment with the Solitaire stent in patients with ischemic stroke caused by acute large vessel occlusion were good, and the disability rate was significantly reduced. However, there are currently only a few reports on the differences in endovascular treatment for different etiological classifications, especially in the anterior cranial circulation, aorta atherosclerotic stenosis, and acute thrombosis.AIMTo investigate the efficacy of Solitaire AB stent-release angioplasty in patients with acute middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction.METHODSTwenty-five patients with acute middle cerebral atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction were retrospectively enrolled in this study from January 2017 to December 2019. The Solitaire AB stent was used to improve anterior blood flow to maintain modified cerebral infarction thrombolysis [modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI)] at the 2b/3 level or above, the stent was then unfolded and released.RESULTSAll 25 patients underwent successful surgery, with an average recanalization time of 23 min. One patient died of cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral herniation after the operation. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores immediately after surgery (7.5 ± 5.6), at 24 h (5.5 ± 5.6) and at 1 wk (3.6 ± 6.7) compared with the preoperative NIHSS score (15.9 ± 4.4), were significantly different (P < 0.01). One case of restenosis was observed 3 mo after surgery (the stenosis rate was 50% without clinical symptoms), the modified Rankin scale scores were 0 points in 14 cases (56%), 1 point in 4 cases (16%), 2 points in 2 cases (8%), 3 points in 3 cases (12%), 4 points in 1 case (4%), and 6 points in 1 case (4%).CONCLUSIONIn acute middle cerebral artery atherosclerosis obliterative cerebral infarction, when the Solitaire AB stent is unfolded and the forward blood flow is maintained at mTICI level 2b/3 or higher, stent release may be a safe and effective treatment method; however, long-term observation and a larger sample size are required to verify these findings.     

双能量CT对急性缺血性脑卒中支架取栓术后颅内出血的早期诊断及预测

目的研究双能量CT(DECT)在急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire支架取栓术后早期诊断颅内出血以及预测患者出血转化/出血增多风险的临床价值。方法收集急性缺血性卒中接受Solitaire支架取栓术的病例,术中造影均采用浓度为370 mg I/ml的碘对比剂,于术后1 h内行双能量CT扫描,重组获得线性融合图像、虚拟平扫及碘图,经综合分析确定诊断。术后24 h行常规CT平扫作为确诊标准,评价DECT早期诊断颅内出血的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和符合率。在碘图上测量颅内病灶的碘浓度,以后续随访结果为标准,采用ROC曲线分析,获取发生出血转化或出血增多的阈值,并评价其特异度、准确度及曲线下面积。结果共44例病例被纳入本研究,其中DECT综合分析诊断单纯碘对比剂外渗25例,合并颅内出血19例,与术后24 h CT随访对照,2例DECT诊断为单纯碘对比剂外渗的患者出现颅内出血,其余23例均诊断准确,19例诊断为碘对比剂外渗合并出血均诊断准确,DECT早期诊断术后颅内出血的敏感度为90.5%、特异度为100%、阳性预测率为100%、阴性预测率为92.0%、符合率为95.5%。44例患者共86个颅内病灶进行了碘浓度测量,在后续随访中,其中19个病灶出现出血转化/出血增多,平均碘浓度为(3.5±1.6)mg I/ml,67个病灶无出血转化/出血增多,平均碘浓度为(1.4±0.9)mg I/ml,两组具有显著差异,即高碘外渗区域更易出现出血转化/出血增多,ROC分析两组之间的Cut-off值为2.7 mg/ml,DECT预测支架取栓术后出现出血转化/出血增多的敏感度、特异度分别为73.7%、92.5%。结论双能量CT在急性缺血性脑卒中Solitaire支架取栓术后早期诊断及预测颅内出血具有重要的临床价值。     

急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗技术研究进展

急性缺血性卒中已经成为我国第一大致残、致死性疾病。随着以荷兰血管内治疗急性缺血性卒中多中心随机临床试验为代表的五大试验结果公布,机械取栓已经成为治疗颅内大血管闭塞引起的急性缺血性脑卒中的主要手段,迎来了急性脑梗死机械取栓治疗的新时代。目前机械取栓的主要装置有Merci取栓装置、Penumbra吸栓装置、Solitaire™FR支架、Revive SE支架、Trevo支架和Aperio®支架等,针对血管栓塞部位及血管条件要选择不同类型的取栓装置,同时采用不同的取栓技术,比如ADAPT技术、Solumbra技术、Advance技术、SAVE技术、SWIM技术等,才能提高血管再通率,降低并发症。