Portal imaging by intravneous three-dimensional computed tomography after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A report of four cases

By employing three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) for portography, we analyzed the portal vein changes during the initial stage after a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), which seemed to affect postoperative complications. Four patients underwent PD without portal vein reconstruction with a standard radical lymph node dissection for cancer of the pancreaticoduodenal area. A total of 140 ml of contrast medium was intravenously injected at 2.5 ml/s, and imaging was started after 65 s with a Hitachi W-2000 CT scanner. Three-dimensional portal vein images were then reconstructed by the Voxel Transmission method. Three-dimensional CT showed portal stenosis in our all patients from the first to the third week after PD. In three of the patients, stenosis disappeared by week 7,8, or 15, respectively, without the formation of a bypass. In three patients, portal vein stenosis was severe while in one patient, it was mild. Severe complications such as gastrointestinal hemorrhaging and hepatic abscess occurred in two patients with severe portal stenosis. The onset of portal stenosis might therefore affect postoperative complications after PD.     

Reevaluation of the Indications for Radical Pancreatectomy to Treat Pancreatic Carcinoma: Is Portal Vein Infiltration a Contraindication?

Abstract. Purpose: Portal vein resection (PVR) has become more widely performed owing to improvements in the perioperative mortality rate. The present study was performed to determine whether portal vein infiltration is a contraindication against radical pancreatectomy for patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Methods: Between 1990 and 1997, a total of 66 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas underwent surgical resection at the Department of Surgery II, Hokkaido University Hospital. After the exclusion of those who underwent distal pancreatectomy, the remaining 43 patients were divided into a PVR(+) group (n= 28) and a PVR(−) group (n= 15). The clinicopathological characteristics, morbidity, and mortality were statistically compared between the two groups. Results: The overall survival rate of the patients who required PVR was not significantly different from that of those who underwent pancreatic resection without PVR. Conclusion: These findings suggest that combined PVR should not be a contraindication to radical pancreatectomy for pancreatic carcinoma with positive vascular invasion. Received: February 26, 2001 / Accepted: November 20, 2001     

肝移植术后门静脉并发症的诊断和治疗(附6例分析)

目的 探讨肝移植术后门静脉并发症的诊断和治疗。方法 回顾性分析160例原位肝移植临床资料。结果 肝移植术后门静脉并发症发生率为3．75％，与门静脉并发症相关死亡率为0。门静脉狭窄发生率为1．25％，门静脉栓塞发生率为2．5％，需治疗的门静脉并发症占33．3％。结论 术前有门脉高压症手术治疗史、移植术前门静脉血栓、门静脉手术史以及严重感染病史等是门静脉并发症的高危因素；彩色多普勒超声检查是监测门静脉并发症的有效方法，确诊门静脉并发症依赖门静脉造影；有症状的门静脉并发症需及时行再血管化手术。     

Survival benefits of portal vein resection for pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of portal vein resection for pancreatic cancer is controversial. METHODS: Eighty-one consecutive patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing surgical resection were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological findings and relationship between portal vein resection and survival were investigated. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients with pancreatic cancer underwent pancreatic resection with portal vein resection. Histological examination revealed that 17 patients had definite invasion to the portal vein (group 1) and 16 patients had no invasion (group 2). Forty-eight patients with pancreatic cancer underwent pancreatic resection without portal vein resection (group 3). There were no significant differences in survival rates (P = 0.437) between patients with portal vein resection and patients without portal vein resection. However, patients in group 1 had a significantly (P = 0.021) worse prognosis as compared with those in group 2. Despite aggressive surgical resection, the surgical margin was positive in 35% of patients in group 1 as compared with 13% of patients in group 2 and 21% of patients in group 3. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing portal vein resection for pancreatic cancer had a prognosis similar to patients without portal vein resection. Negative microscopic invasion to the portal vein was significantly associated with improved survival.     

Isolated portal vein involvement in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A contraindication for resection?

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to examine the morbidity, mortality, and survival of patients undergoing portal vein resection (PVR) for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Inability to separate the pancreas from the portal vein has historically been a locoregional contraindication for resection in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and frequently, isolated local invasion of the portal veins is the only obstacle to curative resection. METHODS: A review of the prospective database for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center identified 332 patients who underwent pancreatic resection. Of those, 58 (17%) were identified as having isolated clinical involvement of the portal vein and underwent pancreatic resection with PVR. Patients undergoing curative pancreatic resection without PVR over this same time period comprise the control group. RESULTS: The 5% in-hospital mortality rate for PVR was not significantly different from that seen in those patients who did not undergo PVR (3%). Overall median survival for the PVR group was 13 months (range, < 1-109 months), which was not statistically different from those patients undergoing pancreatic resection without PVR (17 months (range, < 1-132 months). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that suspected isolated portal vein involvement should not be a contraindication for pancreatic resection in patients with adenocarcinoma.     

原位肝移植术后门静脉并发症处理及远期疗效评估

目的 总结并评估原位肝移植术后并发门静脉并发症的处理及其远期疗效.方法 研究对象为2002年6月至2013年4月在上海交通大学附属第六医院收治的12例肝移植术后门静脉并发症患者.对12例患者的临床资料进行分析,分析内容包括并发症的发生时间、病变性质、术前病史、术后诊断经过、处理经过及远期疗效.结果 本组患者门静脉并发症发生时间为肝移植术后3～54个月.其中门静脉吻合口狭窄3例,门静脉系广泛血栓4例,门静脉主干血栓2例,门静脉和肠系膜上静脉附壁血栓3例.3例门静脉吻合口狭窄患者成功放置血管内支架;3例门静脉和肠系膜上静脉附壁血栓患者经溶栓和抗凝治疗无病情进展;余6例患者行套扎术或硬化剂治疗后好转出院.随访3年,12例中无1例死亡.结论 肝移植术后门静脉并发症的治疗方案取决于门静脉病变性质和程度.对于早期门静脉血栓或局部附壁血栓,溶栓治疗可取得满意效果;晚期门静脉血栓溶栓治疗效果不佳.对单纯性门静脉狭窄行介入治疗是安全可行的.肝移植术后门静脉并发症经及时处理后远期效果良好.     

脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成的相关因素分析及早期抗凝效果分析

目的探讨门静脉高压行脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成（portalveinthrombosis,PVT）的相关因素,及早期抗凝治疗的预防作用。方法回顾分析102例门静脉高压行脾切除术患者临床资料．观察性别、年龄、术前肝功能Child—Paph分级、门静脉直径、术前和术后2周血小板计数、联合贲门周围血管离断术、抗凝等临床指标与PVT形成的相关性。结果102例患者脾切除术后PVT发生率16．7％（17例）,其中抗凝患者PVT发生率9．1％（5／55）,低于未抗凝治疗患者的25．5％（12／47）,差异有统计学意义（X^2=4．932,P〈0．05）。单因素分析显示PVT组与无PVT组贲门周围血管离断术（64．7％与36．5％）、门静脉内径[（13．8±2．1）mm与（15．2±2．2）mm]和抗凝治疗（29．4％与58．8％）存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）。多因素分析显示门静脉内径（OR=2．448,P=0．029）及是否抗凝治疗（OR=1．610,P=0．032）与术后PVT形成有关。结论脾切除术后PVT形成与门静脉内径增宽、是否抗凝治疗有关。术后早期给予低分子肝素抗凝治疗能降低PVT发生率。     

门静脉高压症脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术后消化道再出血的危险因素分析

目的探讨门静脉高压症行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术后消化道再出血的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2011年6月西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院收治的117例门静脉高压症行脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术患者的临床资料,其中22例术后再次发生上消化道出血。患者术后半年内每3个月随访1次,半年后每6个月随访1次,随访时间截至2013年3月。单因素分析采用,检验,多因素分析采用Logistic回归模型。结果患者术后随访时间为20．6～61．7个月,术后上消化道再出血发生率为18．80％（22／117）。单因素分析结果显示：乙型病毒性肝炎病史、术前AST、术前食管胃底静脉曲张、术后l周PLT、术后门静脉血栓是术后消化道再出血的危险因素（X2=7．326,5．290,10．112,4．020,9．239,P〈0．05）。多因素分析结果显示：乙型病毒性肝炎病史≥10年、术前食管胃底静脉3度曲张、术后门静脉血栓是术后消化道再出血的独立危险因素（OR=4．758,5．560,3．616,P〈0．05）。结论乙型病毒性肝炎病史≥10年、食管胃底静脉3度曲张及术后门静脉血栓是乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化脾切除断流术后的独立危险因素。     

Clinical Implications of Combined Portal Vein Resection as a Palliative Procedure in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Head Carcinoma

Background The clinical implications of combined portal vein resections are controversial.Methods One-hundred and forty-nine consecutive patients underwent macroscopically curative pancreatectomies for pancreatic head carcinoma between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 2004. Portal vein resection was performed in 86 patients (58%). Data on surgical mortality, morbidity, perioperative outcome, pathological factors, initial recurrence site, and survival were retrospectively compared between the patients with and without portal vein resection.Results The incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula was lower among patients who underwent portal vein resection. The median survival period was 14 months for the portal vein resection group and 35 months for the non-portal vein resection group, respectively. Combined portal vein resection was a significant predictor of poor survival using a multivariate analysis. Portal vein resection was strongly associated with larger tumor size, the degree of retropancreatic tissue invasion, the presence of extrapancreatic nerve plexus invasion, lymph node metastases, and positive cancer infiltration at the surgical margins.Conclusions Portal vein resection at the time of pancreaticoduodenectomy can be safely performed. However, most of patients requiring portal vein resection do not achieve a potentially curative resection or a favorable survival term. As a result, the aggressive application and the strict selection of portal vein resection might reduce the incidence of positive surgical margins, enabling long-term survival in patients who do not require portal vein resection.     

以门静脉-肠系膜上静脉为轴心的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术16例报道

目的:介绍以门静脉-肠系膜上静脉为轴心的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的方法,探讨其临床价值。方法:回顾分析2015年3月以来完成的16例以门静脉-肠系膜上静脉为轴心的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。总结腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术的手术过程,分析此手术方法在临床上的应用效果。结果:16例均行以门静脉-肠系膜上静脉为轴心的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术。手术时间350~555 min,平均(470.31±61.09)min;术中出血量100~1 200 ml,平均(568.75±298.26)ml。无围手术期死亡病例。胰瘘发生率为37.5%(6/16),其中A级胰瘘5例,B级1例。结论:以门静脉-肠系膜上静脉为轴心的腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术是安全、可行、有效的术式。     

儿童肝移植术后门静脉狭窄的诊断与治疗

目的分析儿童肝移植术后门静脉狭窄(PVS)的可能危险因素,并探讨不同治疗方式的临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2013年6月至2017年12月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院肝移植中心396例儿童肝移植受者临床资料(年龄≤14周岁)。随访至2018年6月,有26例发生PVS(6.6%)。对于超声怀疑PVS的儿童受者,本中心多选用门静脉血管造影确诊。术后采用超声监测门静脉直径及流速,观察血管通畅情况。采用随访观察并口服药物抗凝治疗、球囊扩张、门静脉支架置入或Meso-Rex分流术治疗PVS。监测肝功能变化,评估有无门静脉相关的移植物损伤,并观察有无门静脉高压相关的症状或体征。 结果26例儿童受者术后发生PVS中位时间为9.5个月(1.3～50.0个月),其中3个月以内发生者占26.9%(7/26),3个月以后占73.1%(19/26)。行介入球囊扩张和支架置入或Meso-Rex分流术共47例次,均未因PVS死亡。2例儿童受者动态随访,期间口服抗凝药物;23例行门静脉球囊扩张术,1例因门静脉冗长行1次门静脉球囊扩张＋支架置入术,10例经1次门静脉球囊扩张术后无效后行二次球囊扩张,7例经二次门静脉球囊扩张术后无效行门静脉支架置入术,2例经门静脉支架置入术后再次狭窄,行Meso-Rex手术。1例口服药物抗凝治疗的儿童受者,随访期间超声提示门静脉流速偏快,其余随访至今未见PVS复发。 结论超声是监测儿童肝移植术后门静脉情况、早期发现PVS的有效办法。发生PVS时,轻症儿童受者可动态随访,期间口服抗凝药物;中重度儿童受者首选门静脉球囊扩张、门静脉支架置入术。Meso-Rex分流术是对门脉支架置入术后PVS复发或发生门静脉闭塞的一种可选择的手术方式。     

Combined Portal Vein Resection for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies

Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) frequently invades into the adjacent portal vein, and portal vein resection (PVR) is the only way to manage this condition and achieve negative resection margins. However, the safety and effectiveness of PVR is controversial. Studies analyzing the effect of PVR on the surgical and pathological outcomes in the management of HCCA with gross portal vein involvement were considered eligible for this meta-analysis. The outcome variables analyzed included postoperative morbidity, mortality, survival rate, proportion of R0 resection, lymph node metastasis, microscopic vascular invasion, and perineural invasion. From 11 studies, 371 patients who received PVR and 1,029 who did not were identified and analyzed. Data from patients who received combined PVR correlated with higher postoperative death rates (OR?=?2.31; 95 % CI, 1.21–4.43; P?=?0.01) and more advanced tumor stage. No significant difference was detected in terms of morbidity, proportion of R0 resection, or 5-year survival rate. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that in centers with more experience or studies published after 2007, combined PVR did not cause significantly higher postoperative death. No strong evidence could suggest that combined PVR leads to more morbidity or mortality for patients with HCCA when the portal vein is grossly involved. In addition, combined PVR is oncologically valuable because R0 resection and 5-year survival did not differ significantly between two cohorts, despite the fact that the PVR cohort consisted of patients with more advanced HCCA.     

肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的手术切除及疗效观察

目的 探索肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓（ＰＶＴＴ）手术切除的疗效及其影响预后因素。方法 总结近１０年１１１例肝细胞癌合并门静脉主干或第一分支癌栓的患者,均行肝癌联同门静脉左或右支癌栓切除或经左、右支断端取栓或切开主干取栓,其中２２例患者切除肿瘤及癌栓后行肝动脉和（或）门静脉插管。３２例患者术后经肝动脉化疗栓塞和（或）经门静脉导管化疗。另１４例ＰＶＴＴ患者仅行保守治疗（非手术组）,２０例ＰＶＴＴ患者行探查     

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目的　探讨多排螺旋CT三维重建在肝脏外科中的应用价值。方法　 2 0 0 2年 4月至 2 0 0 3年 10月对2 0例肝脏肿瘤病人术前行 16层螺旋CT增强扫描 ,并在CT工作站上应用多排螺旋CT表面容积重建及多平面容积重建软件行肝动脉、门静脉和肝静脉的三维影像重建 ,测量全肝体积、肝肿瘤体积及拟切部分肝脏体积 (包括肿瘤体积 ) ,观察病人术后血清谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、血氨水平及腹水情况 ,计算病人残肝体积与标准肝体积之比。结果　 2 0例病人经肝血管三维重建后均能从各个角度显示肝动脉、门静脉和肝静脉结构 (肝动脉可显示 2～3级分支 ,门静脉 3～ 4级分支 )、肝动脉变异情况、肿瘤与周围血管的关系。经三维重建后测得预切除肝脏体积平均为 4 78 75cm3 ,肿瘤体积平均为 374 6 5cm3 ,与手术切除标本所测体积基本符合 (P >0 0 5 )。残肝体积与标准肝体积之比小于 5 0 %时 ,病人术后肝功能重度损害的可能性增加。结论　多排螺旋CT三维重建技术能帮助术者在术前更直观地了解肝血管解剖关系、肿瘤与周围血管关系 ,对制定更完善的手术方案具有实用价值。多排螺旋CT三维重建可较准确测量肝体积 ,残肝体积与标准肝体积比值可帮助预测术后肝功能恢复情况。     

改良Whipple术式与扩大根治术治疗晚期胰头癌的临床应用

作者以晚期胰头癌患者为受术对象,探讨扩大根治与改良术式,提高切除率及生存率和质量。选择性剖腹探查３３例行扩大根治术,采用门静脉血管重建及改良Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ术式间置空肠Ｙ形重消化道加人工乳头定向套迭３０例,其中合并门静脉部分切除１９例、肝左外侧叶及肝段切除８例、横结肠中段切除３例。结果显示：扩大根治切除率为９０％,术后均无胆胰瘘、大出血严重并发症及手术死亡。至今生存２３例,平均２年生存率为５０％,最长者达５年。作者认为：（１）切除了原发病灶,可以解除患者症状,又可防止癌细胞继续浸润门静脉。（２）一并切除了转移灶,使后续治疗（如腹腔动脉化疗、免疫等）得以顺利进行,明显提高了生存期和质量。     

乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症患者脾切除后CD4＋CD25＋CD127low/-调节性T细胞的变化及意义

目的 观察乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症患者行脾切除术前后外周血中CD4＋CD25＋ CD127low/-调节性T细胞（Treg）的变化,探讨门静脉高压症患者行脾切除术对机体免疫功能的影响.方法 回顾性分析2012年5月至2013年5月河北医科大学第三医院收治的20例乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症合并脾功能亢进患者的临床资料,通过流式细胞仪分析乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化门静脉高压症合并脾功能亢进患者（门静脉高压症组）脾切除术前1d、术后1周、1个月、3个月和来自河北医科大学第三医院的10例健康体检者（对照组）的外周血中CD4＋ CD25＋ CD127low/-Treg含量,分析Treg的变化对全身免疫系统造成的影响.组问比较采用t检验,手术前后数据比较采用重复测量方差分析.结果 门静脉高压症组患者术前和对照组受试者CD4＋ CD25＋ CD127low/-Treg比例分别为5.1％±3.5％和1.4％±0.2％,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（t=2.573,P＜0.05）.门静脉高压症组患者术后1周、1个月、3个月CD4＋CD25＋ CD127low/-Treg比例分别为9.2％±2.7％、5.6％±1.7％、2.5％±2.1％,其中术后1周与术前比较,差异有统计学意义（F=9.814,P＜0.05）;而术后3个月与术前比较,差异无统计学意义（F=2.364,P＞0.05）.结论 脾切除术后短期Treg水平明显升高,随时间延长逐渐下降.从Treg方面表明脾切除对机体免疫系统影响较小.     

联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除的胰十二指肠术治疗胰头癌的疗效

目的:分析联合门静脉(PV)/肠系膜上静脉(SMV)切除的胰十二指肠切除术(PD)治疗胰头癌的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月—2013年7月手术治疗的72例胰头癌患者的临床及术后随访资料,其中40例肿瘤未累及肝总动脉、SMV、PV也无转移的患者行单纯PD术(PD组),32例单纯性累及PV/SVM的患者行联合PV/SMV切除的PD术(PV/SMV组),比较两组患者的围手术期指标及术后情况。结果:与PD组比较,PV/SMV组的手术时间(357.4min vs.289.3min)、术中出血量(851.2m L vs.641.5m L)均明显增加(均P0.05),但输血量(700.0m L vs.650.5m L),手术并发症发生率(18.75%vs.20.00%),1、2、3年生存率(50.00%vs.57.50%、31.25%vs.37.50%、21.86%vs.25.00%)以及中位生存时间(15个月vs.18个月)差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:对于胰头癌患者应根据患者的实际情况选择适宜的手术方式,联合PV/SMV切除的PD治疗单纯性累及PV/SVM的胰头癌临床效果可靠,术后远期预后与PD手术适应证者相当。     

脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成的临床分析

目的探讨脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成（portal vein thrombosis,PvT）和肠系膜静脉血栓形成（mesenteric venous thrombosis,MVT）的成因及诊治策略。方法回顾性分析2000年以来脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成及肠系膜静脉血栓形成12例的临床资料。结果280例脾切除后血栓发生12例（4．3％）,其中发生PVT9例（3．2％）,发生MVT3例（1．1％）。9例经积极的全身抗凝、祛聚、溶栓治疗1～2周后好转出院。血栓形成病人均出现白细胞增多,血小板计数升高,D-二聚体检测和凝血功能异常,与治疗后1周相比,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。2例行小肠切除肠吻合术。1例死于肝功能衰竭。结论脾切除后动态检测血常规、凝血功能等相关指标是预防静脉血栓形成的有效措施,及早诊断和治疗对病人康复起关键作用。     

Pancreaticoduodenectomy for malignancies in children

Purpose

Malignant tumors of the common bile duct or of the pancreas head are uncommon in childhood [Perez EA, Gutierrez JC, Koniaris LG, Neville HL, Thompson WR, Sola JE. Malignant pancreatic tumors: incidence and outcome in 58 pediatric patients. J Pediatr Surg. 2009; Jan; 44 (1): 197–203]. With radical surgery being the standard cure for nonmetastatic diseases, pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the best choice when the tumor is localized in the head of the pancreas, or in the lower portion of the common bile duct. The purpose of the present study is to describe five consecutive children managed by PD, and reviewing the particular aspects and results of this rare procedure in children.

Methods

Between 2007 and 2010, five patients (median age: 7 years) underwent PD for nonmetastatic malignant tumors. In two cases, PD was performed en bloc with a right hepatectomy in order to achieve the radical resection of a recurrent biliary sarcoma. Four patients benefited from a “pylorus-preserving” PD procedure. In two patients, resection of the portal vein and vascular reconstruction was performed, and in one case, an extended resection of the biliary ductal system was necessary.

Results

All resection margins were clear. The postoperative course was uneventful, with no pancreatic or biliary leakage in all of the patients. Oral refeeding was achieved by the eighth postoperative day. In two cases, a late revision of pancreatic–jejunal anastomosis was performed because of mild steatorrea and a suspected anastomotic stricture. Two of the patients, who were subsequently operated on second hand, for biliary sarcoma, died from the recurrence; while three of the others, with pancreatic malignancies, are alive and well, with a good functional outcome.

Conclusions

Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for tumors of the pancreatic head area. In the absence of regional or metastatic extension, the radicality of primary intervention is associated with favorable outcomes. Good functionality results were observed after the PD was limited to the head of the pancreas and subject to pylorus-preserving techniques.     

门静脉主干缩窄法制备SD大鼠门静脉高压症模型时最佳口径的探讨

目的 探讨缩窄门静脉主干法制备SD大鼠门静脉高压症模型时的最佳缩窄口径.方法 SD大鼠70只,随机分为正常组和6个实验组,每组各10只.正常组行假手术.各实验组分别按照5、6、7、8、9、12号针头的缩窄口径行门静脉主干缩窄术.观察各组大鼠术后累积死亡率,术后状态,术前、术后即刻及术后2周时的门静脉压力,术后2周时的食管组织学变化和脾指数.结果 5、6、7、8、9、12号针头缩窄组术后3 d时大鼠的累积死亡率分别为100%、80%、70%、20%、10%、0%,与缩窄程度正相关.8、9、12号组的大鼠存活状态明显好于5、6、7号组.5、6、7、8、9、12号组术后即刻门静脉压力分别为:(5.836±0.275)、(4.557±0.419)、(3.856±0.576)、(3.343±0.433)、(2.708±0.309)、(1.957±0.358)kPa,7、8、9、12号组术后2周时门静脉压力分别为:(2.163±0.424)、(1.956±0.172)、(1.841±0.202)、(1.232±0.154)kPa,均较正常(0.881±0.165)kPa显著升高(P＜0.05).术后2周,7、8、9、12号组大鼠食管下段黏膜下层平均血管数目分别为:(3.94±0.83)、(3.58±0.63)、(3.14±0.64)、(2.02±0.62)个,与正常组(1.65±0.62)个比较,除12号组外均有增多(P＜0.01);固有层平均血管数目分别为:(2.24±0.64)、(2.05±0.29)、(1.52±0.28)、(0.93±0.19)个,与正常组(0.82±0.18)比较,除第12组外均增多(P＜0.01);黏膜下层血管口径分别为:(4.52±1.51)、(4.05±1.23)、(3.75±1.11)、(2.03±0.86)μm,除第12组外均增大(P＜0.01);脾指数分别为:(4.21±0.93)、(4.06±0.68)、(3.84 4±0.71)、(3.31±0.69)除12号组外也较正常增加(P＜0.01).结论 缩窄门静脉主干可成功制成大鼠门静脉高压症模型;其最佳缩窄口径应该是:大鼠体重200 g左右时用8号针头(直径0.8mm),大鼠体重300 g左右时用9号针头(直径0.9 mm).