Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific to the molecule of the class I major histocompatibility complex for subcutaneous immunization in pads

T lymphocytes from immune lymph nodes, specific to the molecule of the class I major histocompatibility complex, were found to contain cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors which mature to become effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes only in the presence of helper cells and L3T4⁺, but not Lyt2⁺ T helpers. The findings indicate that a subcutaneous injection of alloantigen of the class I major histocompatibility complex for immunization in the pads leads to the creaction of the type of microenvironment of the lymph nodes which prevents activation of Lyt2⁺ T helpers or leads to the activation of their functionally negligible part. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 190–193, February, 1995 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of autologous sera on mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of mini-pigs chronically intoxicated with alcohol

There are no statistically significant differences in the stimulation index for purified lymphocytes of control mini-pigs and mini-pigs with chronic alcohol intoxication. Autologous sera of control and experimental animals strongly suppress mitogen-induced blast transformation of lymphocytes without death of these cells. There are no statistically significant intergroup differences in the absolute number (per mm³) of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 89–91, July, 1994 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Immunological responses during the organism's adaptation to a dosed thermal factor

Overheating of mice over the course of 10 and 20 days suppresses the proliferative activity of splenic cells in response to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, and alloantigens. The number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen drops on day 5 of overheating and is still low on days 10–20. Forty days after the start of overheating the functional activity of lymphocytes is restored. Overheating of animals does not change the colony-forming activity of hemopoietic stem cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 502–504, May, 1994 Presented by N. A. Vasil'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Cytological profile of the thymus of mice with increased resistance to P3-X63-Ag8.653-MOPC plasmocytoma after stress

Pronounced stimulation of antigen-independent differentiation of T lymphocytes is found. Physical loads and immobilization stress are shown to considerably augment both the immigration of T lymphocyte precursors to the thymus and the emigration of differentiated lymphocytes, as well as to affect the rate of cell differentiation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 454–456, May, 1994 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Possible pathways of circulation of human endogenous retrovirus similar to mouse mammary tumor virus

It is shown that polypeptides which are immunologically related to gp52 mammary tumor virus are found in T and B peripheral blood lymphocytes in all breast cancer patients, in children with B-cell lymphosarcomas, and in B lymphocytes of some healthy donors. These proteins are not found in patients with tumors of other sites. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 11, pp.554–556, November, 1995 Presented by Yu. N. Solov'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Immunocytotherapy. A new trend in fetal tissue transplantation

The clinical applications of theoretical immunology are not numerous. The authors demonstrate present-day immunocytotherapeutic approaches to fetal tissue transplantation widely used in medicine. Results of therapy by injections of lymphokine-activated killer cells in combination with interleukin-2, T-cell vaccines, and genetically transformed T cells are presented. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 412–415, April, 1994     

The past,present, and future of research on the regulation of nonlymphoid cell proliferation by lymphoid cells

Reviewed are data on the capacity of T lymphocytes to stimulate or inhibit nonlymphoid cell proliferation, on the correlation of this capacity with the activity of respective immunoregulatory cells (T helpers and suppressors), and on the possible cell-mediated and humoral mechanisms through which lymphocytes execute their morphogenic function. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 230–234, September, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Use of glutathione inhibitors and glutathione transferases to overcome tumor resistance to cytostaticsin vivo

Preincubation of cells of BDF1 hybrid mice with P388 leukemia with doxorubicin and buthionine sulfoximine leads to the manifestation of a therapeutic effect of the antibiotic. Injection of buthionine sulfoximine and ethacrinic acid to mice with leukemia does not alter the therapeutic effect of the antibiotic. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 212–214, February, 1995 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Spermatogenesis in rats after administration of the anthracycline antibiotic pharmorubicin

It is established that Wistar rat testes demonstrate stable morphological changes attended by a diminishment of the stem cell population, depletion of the other layers of the spermatogenic epithelium, a decrease of the number of tubules with meiosis stage XII, and intensified desquamation of epithelial cells during 30 days after administration of pharmorubicin in the maximal permissible dose. The depletion of the stem cell population may result in long-term damage to the reproductive function and manifest itself long after antibiotic treatment. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 3, pp. 308–310, March, 1995     

Decrease of antitumor and suppressor activities of nonadherent bone marrow cells by culturing in medium conditioned with ehrlich adenocarcinoma cells

It was demonstrated that proliferation of bone marrow cells cultured in medium conditioned with tumor cells is somewhat increased. A much more potent stimulation of bone marrow cell proliferation is observed after the removal of cells carrying the erythroblast antigen. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. N ^o 5, pp. 514–517, May, 1994 Presented by N. V. Vasil'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Size of lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen and level of hemopoietic tissue proliferation in mice during surgical interventions

The percent and absolute content of T helpers increases in the spleen of mice 4 and 17 h after resection of the liver or removal of a kidney, which is associated with an increase of the mitotic index of splenocytes. The number of T suppressors and the bone marrow cell mitotic index are unchanged. The T-helper/T-suppressor ratio in the spleen increases 1.7–2 times during surgery on the liver and kidney. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 301–303, March, 1996 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

β-Carotene correction of antitumor immunity in experimental chemotherapy of malignant tumors

Changes in cellular immunity parameters and the rate of tumor tissue growth during chemotherapy and immunocorrection with β-carotene are studied in two models ofin vivo tumor growth (EL-4 lympholeukemia cells injected intraperitoneally and CaOv ovarian adenocarcinoma implanted under the renal capsule). β-Carotene is found to enhance the proliferative response of lymphocytes to concanavalin A (conA) and to increase the activity of specific antitumor T killers, this correlating with prolongation of the mean life span of tumor-bearing animals and inhibition of tumor growth. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 295–297, September, 1994 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Metastasizing of human melanoma on immunodeficient mice. Comparison of cell lines with different metastasizing activity

Two human melanoma cell variats-with low and high metastasizing activity-are obtained by successive passaging on mice with combined immunodeficiency. After the development of a subcutaneous tumor, tumor cells are detected only in the bloodstream of animals with a highly metastasizing tumor, in mice with combined immunodeficiency the number of these cells being much greater than that in nude mice. These results indicate a preeminent influence of the nature of tumor cells on the dissemination of metastasizing cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 206–208, February, 1995 Presented by Yu. N. Solov'ev. Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.     

Transplantation of fetal nerve cells from insects to the brain of amphibians and mammals

Cells of the neural primordia of the Notch mutant ofDrosophila melanogaster are transplanted to the neural tube of four amphibian species and two mammalian species. It is shown that cells of the neural primordia of drosophila survive and differentiate in the amphibian and mammalian brain. Differentiated cells of the transplant establish axon-dendrite junctions with cells of the recipient and penetrate into the structures of its brain. Tailed amphibians die several days after xenotransplantation. Transplantation of drosophila cells to the nervous system of tailless amphibians and mammals does not cause developmental abnormalities or death of the animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 364–368, April, 1994 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Antimutagenic activity of β-carotene

Data are presented on the ability of synthetic β-carotene to reduce the level of cyclophosphane-induced chromosome aberrations in murine bone marrow cells. InSalmonella typhimurium cells β-carotene exhibits antimutagenic activity only against an indirect mutagen (2-acetylaminofluorene). Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 276–278, September, 1995 Presented by Yu. N. Solov'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Bivalphor: a myelopeptide possessing antitumor activity

It is shown that the bone marrow-derived hexapeptide bivalphor restores the functions of human T lymphocytes inhibited by products of HL-60 leukemia cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 530–532, May, 1995     

Time course of the cytotoxicity of blood mononuclears in patients with bladder cancer during endolymphatic immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killers and recombinant interleukin-2

A specific stimulation of mononuclear cellsin vivo was observed after 3 or 4 endolymphatic injections of autologous lymphokine-activated killers and recombinant interleukin-2 in male patients with disseminated bladder cancer. This activation presented as an increase of the cytotoxicity of mononuclears towards target cells of bladder carcinoma. A statistically reliable increase of natural killer activity was observed, and in one patient a reliable increase of the cytolytic activity of mononuclear cells against Mel-1 target cells. After 1 or 2 injections the activity of natural killers increased to 80–90% for an initial level of 23–50%. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 188–191, February, 1996 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Differential induction of natural suppressor activity of bone marrow cellsin vitro by different types of tumors

The suppressor activity of bone marrow cells not adhering to plastic is shown to appreciably increase after their 48-hour joint preincubation with mastocytoma P-815 supernatant or WEHI-3 myelomonocytic strain and to be unchanged after incubation with dupernatants of K-2 erythroleukemic strain or Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma. P-815, WEHI-3, and K-2 tumors are shown to produce factors characterized by colony-stimulating activity. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 184–187, August, 1995 Presented by N. V. Vasil'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Adaptation to hypoxia stimulates the pancreatic islet apparatus in intact and diabetic rats

Using immunocytochemical and immunoradiometric assays, it is found that intermittent exposure to hypoxia stimulates insulin synthesis and secretion by pancreatic beta cells and activatesde novo formation of these cells in the acinar tissue of both intact rats and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, as well as inhibiting the destruction of Langerhans islets in the latter animals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 12 pp. 565–567, December, 1995 Presented by G. N. Kryzhanovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Decreased sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to sodium ions in lymphocytes of patients with arterial hypertension

Patients with arterial hypertension showed decreased sensitivity of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase of mononuclear lymphocytes toward sodium ions compared with normotensive donors. Ouabain, an inhibitor of Na,K-ATPase, increased the half-maximal inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by sodium ions in the cells of healthy subjects and did not change enzyme sensitivity to sodium in the lymphocytes of hypertensive patients. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 8, pp. 206–207, August, 1995 Presented by V. N. Smirnov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences