胎儿股骨滋养管方向的形成

用X线摄片结合解剖方法研究了自三个月至出生前共40例胎儿80根股骨的滋养动脉。胎儿的滋养动脉相对较粗,数量显著较成人的多,有两支以上的占86.25％。其中上滋养动脉行向下,穿过骨质形成下行的滋养管,进入髓腔后再转折向上,分布到股骨的上端;下滋养动脉与之相反,形成上行的滋养管,入髓腔后转而向下,分布于股骨的下端。滋养孔在股骨纵向上的分布(孔指数)与成人极为近似,这说明股骨滋养孔的相对位置从胎儿直到成年是保持恒定的。我们未能证实胎儿滋养动脉都呈直角进入骨干。作者认为,骨膜学说、肌肉学说或血管学说都以滋养动脉最初呈直角进入骨干为前提可能还缺少足够的根据。股骨滋养孔最初就是两向的,成人股骨异向的滋养孔是胚胎时期上滋养动脉的残留。作者推测胚胎时期的上滋养动脉可能有一部分在生后退化、消失,而另一部分可能在生后发生了方向的转变,由下行而转为上行。     

髓腔延长顺行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折基础与应用研究

目的探讨髓腔延长顺行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法：(1)107例成人股骨X线正、侧位片观测髓腔形态结构特点；(2)在X线片上测量估算髓内钉可达到股骨远端的最远距离，复位骨折，术中X线临测扩髓延长股骨远端髓腔至关节面上10～15mm，采用髓腔延长顺行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折12例，2例不稳定骨折髓内钉同定后均加用小钢板单侧骨皮质螺钉同定。结果：12例骨折均达解剖复位或接近解剖复位，全部愈合。结论：髓腔延长顺行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折具有创伤小，基本不损伤膝关节，术中出血少，稳定性好，膝关节功能恢复良好，骨折愈合率高等优点，值得临床推广和应用。     

羊胫骨微血管构筑

采用血管Ｘ线造影法和血管墨汁切片法，观察了８侧羊胫骨的微血管构筑。结果表明：（１）胫骨的血供求为滋养动脉，骺一干骺动脉和骨膜动脉；（２）骨皮质与骨膜之间的交通血管为微动脉，毛细血管，微静脉；（３）骨干骺皮质由滋养动脉和骨膜动脉共同供应，前者供应骨皮质深层２／３区域，而后者供应骨皮质浅层１／３区域，结果提示：骨干骨皮质的血流是“双向的”，既可由骨内膜流入骨皮质，亦可由骨外膜流入骨皮质。     

吻合血管同种异体股骨干移植的解剖学基础

目的 :为吻合血管同种异体股骨干移植提供解剖学依据。方法 :在 40侧经动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本 ,解剖观测了股骨滋养血管的来源、分布、长度及外径 ;5 0根干燥成人股骨 ,观察股骨滋养孔。结果 :股骨滋养孔主要位于粗线上或粗线内侧面 ,滋养孔的位置距股骨内侧踝 1 6 9± 3 .3cm。滋养动脉来自股深动脉 ,相当于第 3穿支部位的股深动脉干发出的分支 ,外径 1 5± 0 .3mm ,长为 1 2± 0 .3cm。结论 :选用股深血管穿支及其滋养动脉为蒂的同种异体股骨段移植 ,可用于重建股骨干大段缺损。     

股骨滋养孔及滋养动脉

一、测量170对股骨,共340侧,包括骨的长度、中点矢状径、横径及周径。观察了滋养孔,孔的数目、位置及方向都比较恒定。滋养孔无一例缺乏,但四孔和五孔滋养孔罕见。滋养孔在纵向上,多位于股骨的中1/3(71.50％);横向上多位于股骨后面(98.62％),两侧股骨滋养孔在纵向及横向上都对称的不多(7.06％)。滋养孔口径一般比较大。绝大多数(98.44％)的滋养孔通向近侧。二、解剖出股骨滋养动脉100例。股骨滋养动脉大多数起自股深动脉各穿支,发现部分滋养动脉由股深动脉终末支直接形成或由股动脉下段发出,长度平均为1.16 cm,外径平均1.51 mm。其行径较为恒定,居大收肌深面,多半在股骨粗线处进入滋养孔。三、经动脉造影的婴幼儿股骨标本X线照像上,观察了股骨滋养动脉在骨内的分布情况。     

带股深血管蒂股骨（膜）瓣移位的应用解剖

在３０侧下肢标本上，解剖观测了股深动脉及其股骨体中下部的分支分布。股深动脉发第一穿动脉之后，下行于股骨体内侧的大收肌和短收肌与长收肌之间。从发第一穿动脉处至股骨体中点，股深动脉干长１０．８±２．２ｃｍ。至股骨体中点水平时，股深动脉外径２．１±０．４ｍｍ。股骨体中点至其下方６ｃｍ范围的血供主要来自股深动脉末梢和第三穿动脉。根据解剖结果，设计了带股深血管蒂股骨（膜）瓣，修复股骨中上部骨不连或骨缺损。     

以股后皮神经及其营养血管为蒂皮瓣的应用解剖

目的：为膝后区带股后皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣提供解剖学基础。方法：在３２侧成人下肢标本上，对膝后区的股后皮神经及其营养血管进行详细观测。结果：股后皮神经在窝上角处的横径为１．７±０．６ｍｍ，在该区的干长为１６．１±２．３ｃｍ。营养动脉平均２．３（１～３）条，外径为０．８±０．３ｍｍ，分别来源于穿动脉的肌皮支（占４９．３％）和动脉的筋膜皮支（占５０．７％）。静脉回流有营养动脉的伴行静脉和浅静脉，外径分别为１．１±０．５ｍｍ和２．１±１．９ｍｍ。结论：该区的神经血管恒定，可制成带感觉的转位筋膜皮瓣，用以修复膝关节附近的软组织缺损。     

股骨共振频率的测定及其意义

实验比较在完整股骨，中切１／２，中切２／３，截骨＋髓腔棒（３１６不锈钢）固定及截骨＋钢板（ＴＡ３）固定等五个状态下防腐湿股骨共振频率的变化，探讨了共振频率测定对股骨骨折愈合及固定评价的意义，结果表明，随着截骨程度增大，骨的共振频率降低，提示共振频率与骨的结构刚度有关，截骨后应用钛钢板内固定的结构刚度相当于防腐湿股骨中切１／２的结构刚度，髓腔棒内固定的结构刚度则相当于中切２／３的结构刚度，两者都比完     

第2指蹼动脉吻合类型及其在手背逆行岛状皮瓣中的意义

目的：研究第２指蹼动脉的吻合类型,为临床以第１指掌侧血管为蒂的手背逆行岛状皮瓣转位提供解剖学基础。方法：使用２２只经血管灌注乳胶的手标本和３４只手动脉铸型标本,对第２指蹼动脉分支分布及与手掌侧和背侧动脉的连接形式等进行解剖观测。结果：第２指蹼动脉恒定存在,外径０．８±０．２ｍｍ,有１～２条伴行静脉。依其与指掌侧总动脉和掌背动脉的连接部位可分为：Ⅰ．中央型（６６．１％）;Ⅱ．掌侧偏型（２５％）;Ⅲ．背侧偏型（７．１％）;Ⅳ．双侧偏型（１．８％）。结论：①第２指蹼动脉吻合恒定存在,这是形成以手掌侧血管为蒂的手背逆行岛状皮瓣的解剖基础;②Ⅰ、Ⅱ型指蹼动脉可为皮瓣提供良好的血供,Ⅲ、Ⅳ型则欠佳     

狗胫骨骨髓腔内植入胫前动脉的实验解剖学研究

在６只狗的胫骨上，行骨膜剥离，“Ｚ”骨折固定，两端胶封制成截血骨模型。在骨髓腔内植入胫前动脉。术后２、４、８ｗ做Ｘ线造影和动脉铸型的解剖学研究。结果显示，在截血的骨干，植入髓腔内的胫前动脉生长出新的血管，沿髓腔向下生长，担负起截血骨干愈合所须的血供。     

雷公藤甲素抗肿瘤血管新生的研究进展（英文）

雷公藤甲素(triptolide,TPL)是从中草药雷公藤中提取的一种有效活性物质,已被用来治疗多种疾病,包括系统性红斑狼疮,类风湿性关节炎,肾病综合征等,TPL甚至有很强的抑制肿瘤的活性。近些年的研究显示,TPL具有抗血管新生的能力,TPL不仅可以抑制肿瘤的增殖,诱导细胞的凋亡,还可以抑制肿瘤的转移,可以增加其它化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性。本综述将讨论TPL在抗肿瘤血管新生方面的研究进展,以及初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。     

Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

Kinetics of decline of maternal measles virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera of infants in France in 2006

The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (≥120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.     

Effect of vitamin C in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan in liver in rabbits

In this study, the effect of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, and the ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the livers of New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Livers of the rabbits were examined grossly and histopathologically, and caspase-3 activity was detected by immunohistochemical methods. A total of twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6). Rabbits in Group I (END) were daily given a sublethal dose of endosulfan (1 mg/kg bw) in corn oil by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Group II (END+C) received the same dose of endosulfan and additionally Vit C (20 mg/kg bw) every other day during this period. Group III (OIL+C) received corn oil daily by oral gavage and vitamin C every other day for 6 weeks. Group IV (OIL), the control group, received only corn oil daily, by oral gavage throughout the experiment. The concentration of α-endosulfan in the END group was higher in livers (0.102±0.012 ppb) than the β-endosulfan (0.072±0.001 ppb). Decreased accumulation of α and β endosulfan was observed in the END+C group (0.025±0.003 and 0.016±0.002 ppb, respectively) (p<0.0001). The most prominent gross findings at the necropsy were seen in the END group, in which swollen and pale livers were commonly observed. Hemorrhages, degenerations, necrosis, and in some rabbits bile duct hyperplasia were the marked histopathological findings of the END group. Caspase-3 positive reaction was more severe in this group than in the others. An ameliorating effect of Vit C on gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings was observed in the END+C group. The results revealed that endosulfan is highly toxic for rabbit livers. However, toxicity was decreased by Vit C treatment, which reduced the accumulation of endosulfan in livers four-fold.