2008年梅州市中小学生视力低下现状分析

目的了解梅州市中小学生的视力状况,为视力不良预防控制提供科学依据。方法按照《全国学生常见病综合防治技术方案》使用标准对数视力表检查学生视力状况。结果2008年梅州市中小学生视力低下率为34．29％,城市学生视力低下率为57．01％,农村学生视力低下率为30．10％;重度视力不良为46．70％,中度为29．50％,轻度为23．80％;高中生视力低下率高于初中生,初中生高于小学生;城市学生高于农村学生。结论梅州市中小学生视力低下率随着学习阶段的增高呈上升趋势,应加强宣传教育,积极防治近视,降低学生视力低下率,提高学生健康水平。     

2004年广东省中小学生常见病患病状况

目的了解广东省中小学生常见病患病情况,分析其影响因素,为防治工作提供依据。方法按照《全国学生常见病综合防治方案技术规范》和《广东省学生常见病防治监测方案》的要求,对广州、深圳、珠海、清远、梅州5城市155所学校学生2004年的健康监测资料进行分析。结果共调查5个城市197 817名中小学生,其视力低下患病率为48.88%,龋齿患病率为18.30%,沙眼患病率为6.71%,营养不良患病率为17.29%,肥胖患病率为8.26%,贫血患病率为6.21%,蛔虫感染率为1.11%。结论广东省5个城市中小学生视力低下、龋齿、营养不良与肥胖患病率均高于全国平均水平,应对中小学校加强实施健康教育知识干预,培养学生良好的学习及生活习惯,降低中小学生常见病发病率。     

上海市南汇区中小学生常见病患病情况分析

目的了解南汇区中小学生常见病的患病情况,为更好地指导学校卫生工作提供可靠的科学依据。方法根据全国学生常见病综合防治考评方案要求,对2005年南汇区全体中小学生体检资料中的视力低下、沙眼、龋齿患病率进行分析。结果南汇区中小学生视力低下率36.75%,中学生视力低下率高于小学生,女生视力低下率高于男生;沙眼患病率1.70%;龋齿患病率26.00%。结论南汇区中小学生常见病患病情况不容乐观,应采取积极有效的措施加强中小学生常见病的防治。     

2006年莱钢中小学生视力状况调查

[目的]了解莱钢中小学生视力低下状况,为制定学生视力保护措施提供依据。[方法]按照2005年《全国学生体质健康调查研究检测细则》的要求,于2006年10月对莱钢7所中小学的6433名中小学生进行现场检测和统计分析。[结果]莱钢6～18岁学生视力低下率为57.60%,男生视力低下率为54.40%,女生视力低下率为60.92% 小学生视力低下率为42.52%,中学生视力低下率为84.10%。[结论]莱钢中小学生视力低下状况不容乐观,视力低下防治工作重点在学生青春期和女生。     

平乐县部分中小学生常见病患病情况分析

目的了解现阶段中小学生常见病的患病情况。方法采用随机抽样的方法,于2009年9～10月对平乐县10个乡镇的中小学生按照《全国学生常见病综合防治方案技术规范》的要求进行健康体检。结果学生视力低下患病率为31.4%,中学生高于小学生,城镇高于农村;沙眼患病率5.31%,龋患率22.05%,营养不良率4.13%,肥胖率5.13%,中学生高血压患病率2.13%,扁桃腺慢性肿大患病率17.05%,平足患病率6.29%,疥疮患病率5.39%。结论中小学生中常见病发病率仍然较高,沙眼、疥疮与个人卫生习惯有关。     

重庆市中小学生视力状况分析

[目的]了解重庆市中小学生视力状况,为保护中小学生视力提供依据。[方法]按2000年《全国学生体质健康调研实施方案和细则》,对2002年及2005年重庆市中小学生裸眼视力测量结果进行分析。[结果]学生视力低下率随着学龄段的升高而增加,女生视力低下率高于男生,城市学生视力低下率高于乡村;2005年与2002年比较重庆市中小学生视力低下率升高。[结论]重庆市中小学生的视力低下率普遍较高,且有上升趋势,应引起相关部门的高度重视。     

建湖县1992—1996年学生常见病防治效果观察

为保护中小学生的身体健康，实现《全国学生常见病防治规划纲要）中提出的控制目标，从1992年开始，我县根据（全国学生常见病综合防治方案）的要求，在全县中小学生中开展了学生常见病综合防治工作。各种学生常见病的发病率均有大幅度下降，实现了国家提出的中期目标。1资料与方法1．1资料来源：收集我县1992－1996年中小学生常见病防治统计资料，并加以整理。1．2方法：按（全国学生常见病综合防治方案技术规范》和（中国学生体质健康调研细则）的方法和要求进行。2防治效果2．1视力低下：1993－1996年我县中小学生视力低下保持稳中有降的…     

平罗县92年与97年中小学生视力低下状况分析

为进一步了解和掌握我县中小学生视力低下的动态变化情况，将９２年与９７年我县中小学生视力状况作一比较，以探讨其变化规律，从而为防治措施的制定提供依据。１　资料来源及统计资料来自于９２年与９７年中小学生“六病”监测工作记录。选择我县教学及卫生条件中等的城镇中小学校各１所，农村中小学校各１所，分别统计９２年与９７年各学校学生视力低下率。视力低下的两年检查及诊断标准按照《全国学生常见病综合防治方案技术规范》中的有关标准执行，统计时以眼为单位。２　结果２．１　９２年中小学生视力低下情况与９７年的比较　无论…     

韶关市中小学生常见病防治效果观察

目的了解1995与2000年韶关市中小学生常见病患病情况和防治效果 ,为今后进一步制定防治措施提供依据。方法按《全国学生常见病综合防治方案》和《全国学生常见病综合防治工作技术规范 (试行 )》 ,对韶关市城乡12所监测点校15650名在校中小学生进行监测。结果2000年韶关市城乡中小学生蛔虫、贫血、龋齿、沙眼营养不良及视力低下均低于1995年的检测结果 ,城市学生视力低下、营养不良及肥胖率有所上升。结论2000年与1995年比较 ,韶关市中小学生常见病防治效果显著 ,但视力低下、营养不良和肥胖防治仍须加强。     

2003年龙岩市部分中小学生常见病患病状况调查

[目的 ]了解龙岩市中小学生常见病的患病情况 ,为防治工作提供依据。 [方法 ]采用整群抽样的方法 ,2 0 0 3年9～ 12月对龙岩市 95 79名中小学生按照《全国学生常见病综合防治方案技术规范》的要求进行调查。 [结果 ]学生视力低下患病率为 3 3 49% ,营养不良率、龋患率分别为 19 45 %和 18 85 % ,沙眼患病率为 7 11% ,肥胖罹患率为 5 93 %。[结论 ]龙岩市中小学生常见病患病率较高 ,应引起家长、学校和社会的高度重视。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.