近16年呼吸科病房下呼吸道细菌感染的病原体变迁、分布及药敏差异

目的了解我院近16年呼吸科病房下呼吸道细菌感染的病原体的变迁、分布及药敏差异。方法对呼吸病房下呼吸道感染住院患者痰菌（或支纤镜吸取分泌物）培养阳性标本结果进行分析。结果分离出菌株共4762株,其中革兰阳性菌550株,占11．55％,革兰阴性菌4212株,占88．45％,金黄色葡萄球菌占革兰阳性菌感染的31．09％;铜绿假单胞菌占革兰阴性菌感染的23．93％;金黄色葡萄球菌目前仅对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、氯霉素强力霉素、复方新诺明的敏感性较好;铜绿假单胞菌目前仅对美罗培南、头孢哌酮舒巴坦、阿米卡星有较高的敏感率。结论呼吸科病房下呼吸道革兰阳性菌感染居首位的是金黄色葡萄球菌,革兰阴性菌感染居首位的是铜绿假单胞菌,二者均对大多数常用抗菌药物耐药。     

急诊科病房院内感染耐药研究及危险因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的分析急诊科病房院内感染耐药研究及危险因素,对于临床感染预防及治疗提供指导。方法收集394例急诊科病房患者临床资料,采用全自动细菌微生物鉴定仪鉴定患者感染病原菌类型。采用K-B纸片扩散法检测病原菌的耐药情况,并采用统计学分析危险因素。结果 394例患者中,院内感染91例,感染率为23.10%。其中呼吸道感染患者32例,外科伤口感染患者23例,泌尿道感染患者15例,口腔感染患者11例,皮肤软组织感染7例,腹腔内感染患者3例,分别占35.16%、25.27%、16.48%、12.09%、7.69%和3.30%。培养出到68株病原菌,阳性率74.73%,其中革兰阴性菌39株,革兰阳性菌27株,真菌2株。铜绿假单胞菌17株,肺炎克雷伯菌12株,鲍曼不动杆菌7株,其他革兰阴性菌3株;金黄色葡萄球菌16株,粪肠球菌9株,其他革兰阳性菌2株,白色假丝酵母菌2株。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢吡肟、氨曲南、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、亚胺培南的耐药率分别为29.41%、58.82%、35.29%、29.41%和11.76%;肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢吡肟、氨曲南、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、亚胺培南的耐药率分别为41.67%、50.00%、50.00%、16.67%和8.33%;金黄色葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星、加替沙星耐药率分别为56.25%和25.00%;粪肠球菌对左氧氟沙星、加替沙星耐药率分别为44.44%和11.11%。未检出对替考拉宁、万古霉素耐药金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌。除性别外,年龄、病情、侵袭性操作、激素使用情况都是影响院内感染发生的危险因素。结论在急诊科病房院内感染患者中,呼吸道是主要感染部位,革兰阴性菌居多。临床应合理使用抗菌药物以控制耐药性发展及耐药株传播。控制危险因素可预防感染发生及耐药性发展。     

急诊科病房院内感染耐药研究及危险因素分析

目的分析急诊科病房院内感染耐药研究及危险因素,对于临床感染预防及治疗提供指导。方法收集394例急诊科病房患者临床资料,采用全自动细菌微生物鉴定仪鉴定患者感染病原菌类型。采用K-B纸片扩散法检测病原菌的耐药情况,并采用统计学分析危险因素。结果 394例患者中,院内感染91例,感染率为23.10%。其中呼吸道感染患者32例,外科伤口感染患者23例,泌尿道感染患者15例,口腔感染患者11例,皮肤软组织感染7例,腹腔内感染患者3例,分别占35.16%、25.27%、16.48%、12.09%、7.69%和3.30%。培养出到68株病原菌,阳性率74.73%,其中革兰阴性菌39株,革兰阳性菌27株,真菌2株。铜绿假单胞菌17株,肺炎克雷伯菌12株,鲍曼不动杆菌7株,其他革兰阴性菌3株;金黄色葡萄球菌16株,粪肠球菌9株,其他革兰阳性菌2株,白色假丝酵母菌2株。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢吡肟、氨曲南、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、亚胺培南的耐药率分别为29.41%、58.82%、35.29%、29.41%和11.76%;肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢吡肟、氨曲南、环丙沙星、阿米卡星、亚胺培南的耐药率分别为41.67%、50.00%、50.00%、16.67%和8.33%;金黄色葡萄球菌对左氧氟沙星、加替沙星耐药率分别为56.25%和25.00%;粪肠球菌对左氧氟沙星、加替沙星耐药率分别为44.44%和11.11%。未检出对替考拉宁、万古霉素耐药金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌。除性别外,年龄、病情、侵袭性操作、激素使用情况都是影响院内感染发生的危险因素。结论在急诊科病房院内感染患者中,呼吸道是主要感染部位,革兰阴性菌居多。临床应合理使用抗菌药物以控制耐药性发展及耐药株传播。控制危险因素可预防感染发生及耐药性发展。     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者呼吸道感染状况及其影响因素

目的分析老年慢性心力衰竭患者住院治疗期间呼吸道感染情况、病原菌分布特点及其可能的影响因素。方法选择慢性心力衰竭患者1 514例,观察感染患者病原菌培养及鉴定结果,将住院治疗期间发生呼吸道感染者作为呼吸道感染组,其他患者作为非感染组,对比两组一般情况,分析老年慢性心力衰竭患者呼吸道感染可能的影响因素。结果 1 514例老年慢性心力衰竭患者,经查住院期间呼吸道感染71例(4.69%)。分离出病原菌102株,包括67株革兰阴性菌,35株革兰阳性菌,未检出真菌。革兰阴性菌主要检出铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌及大肠埃希菌,革兰阳性菌主要检出金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌及肺炎链球菌。高龄、病程长、心功能分级高、住院时间长、住院期间有侵入性操作、合并糖尿病均可能是老年慢性心力衰竭患者住院治疗期间呼吸道感染的独立危险因素(OR1,P0.05)。结论铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌等革兰阴性菌是老年慢性心力衰竭患者住院期间呼吸道感染主要致病菌,高龄、病程长、心功能分级高、住院时间长、接受侵入性操作、合并糖尿病等因素可能是导致感染发生的独立危险因素,临床应重视这类患者住院治疗期间的感染防控,以减少呼吸道感染的发生,改善患者预后。     

肺结核合并肺部感染患者的菌群分布特点及其耐药性分析

目的分析肺结核合并肺部感染患者的菌群分布特点及其耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法选择2011年3月—2015年4月孝感市中心医院收治的肺结核合并肺部感染患者314例,取患者早晨洗漱后咳出的深部痰或支气管灌洗液进行细菌培养,分析其菌群分布特点及耐药性。结果 314份标本共培养出病原菌414株,其中革兰阳性菌108株(占26.09%)、革兰阴性菌290株(占70.05%)、真菌16株(占3.86%);革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主(占13.53%),革兰阴性菌以铜绿假单胞菌为主(占22.22%),真菌均为白色假丝酵母菌。药敏试验结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌对青霉素G的耐药率为100.0%,对万古霉素的耐药率均为0;铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林耐药率均为100.0%,肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌和大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率为0,铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率较低,均为15.2%,鲍曼不动杆菌对阿米卡星和头孢哌酮的耐药率较低,分别为18.7%和21.9%。结论肺结核合并肺部感染患者病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,主要革兰阳性菌为金黄色葡萄球菌,主要革兰阴性菌为铜绿假单胞菌。金黄色葡萄球菌和溶血葡萄球菌对万古霉素无耐药,肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌和大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南无耐药,鲍曼不动杆菌对头孢哌酮耐药率低。     

危重症患者导管相关血流感染病原菌耐药性及影响因素分析

目的 分析危重症患者导管相关性血流感染(CRBSI)病原菌分布、耐药性及危险因素。方法 选取2018年6月～2021年6月在本院综合ICU患者作为研究对象,统计患者感染率,分析感染患者的感染部位、病原菌分布及病原菌的耐药率,并采用SPSS22.0软件对感染的危险因素进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析。结果 1 200例行中心静脉置管患者中有58例发生CRBSI感染,感染率为4.83%;58例感染患者共检查出37株病原菌,其中以革兰阳性菌为主,共25株占67.37%,革兰阴性菌12株占比32.63%。感染病原菌前三位的分别为金黄色葡萄球菌(10株,占27.03%)、表皮葡萄球菌(10株,占27.03%)和大肠埃希菌(6株,占16.22%)。革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林、红霉素、克林霉素有较高的耐药率,均≥50.00%;表皮葡萄球菌对苯唑西林、磺胺甲恶唑、庆大霉素有高耐药率,均≥30.00%;肠球菌属对苯唑西林、红霉素、环丙沙星有较高的耐药率,均≥60.00%。革兰阴性菌对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、美罗培南、亚胺培南等耐药率为0;其中鲍曼不动杆菌对10类抗菌药物耐药,铜绿假单胞...     

肺科病区下呼吸道感染耐药性分析

目的了解2009年我院分离菌的分布和耐药特征。方法采用纸片扩散法（K-B法）对我院分离的菌株进行药敏试验。结果共分离细菌487株,其中革兰阴性杆菌422株,占86.65%,革兰阳性球菌65株,占13.35%。AECOPD中90.3%为革兰阴性菌感染,而革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌占第一位。铜绿假单胞菌是支气管扩张下呼吸道感染最常见的病原菌。铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、左氧氟沙星均有较高耐药率。结论临床常见病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,铜绿假单胞菌对头孢他啶、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、左氧氟沙星均有较高耐药率,鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类仍敏感。     

老年血液透析患者导管相关感染的病原菌特征及影响因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的 分析老年血液透析患者导管相关血流感染(CRBSI)的病原菌构成、耐药性及影响因素。方法 将2012年11月1日-2017年11月1日本院收治的93例老年血液透析患者纳入研究,其中29例发生CRBSI,未感染64例。通过细菌培养、鉴定分析病原菌分布情况,通过药敏试验检测主要病原菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药性。收集患者临床资料,对老年血液透析患者发生CRBSI的影响因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 接受血液透析的93例老年患者共发生CRBSI 29例,感染率31.18%,检出病原菌43株,其中革兰阳性菌26株(60.47%),革兰阴性菌17株(39.53%);革兰阳性菌中金黄色葡萄球菌对红霉素、左氧氟沙星、四环素敏感性较高;表皮葡萄球菌对环丙沙星、四环素敏感性较高。革兰阴性菌中铜绿假单胞杆菌对氨曲南、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林敏感性较高;肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林敏感性较高;单因素分析中合并糖尿病、低蛋白血症与血液透析患者血流感染的发生有关(P<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析,合并糖尿病、穿刺次数≥3次是血液透析患者发生CRBSI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年血液透析患者发生CRBSI中,革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌均有感染,主要感染病原菌对四环素、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林敏感性较高,可作为临床选择抗菌药物的参考。合并糖尿病,穿刺次数是CRBSI发生的危险因素。     

某院外科感染常见病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的了解医院外科感染常见病原菌的分布及其耐药性,为外科院内感染合理选用抗生素提供参考。方法收集山东省医学科学院第三附属医院外科2013-08/2015-08住院且发生感染的患者210例,分离培养并鉴定细菌,采用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,对病原菌的来源、分布及耐药情况进行进行统计分析。结果在210例患者中发生医院感染32例,感染率为15.23%;共检测出病原菌65株,以革兰阴性菌为主,占58.46%(38/65),其中大肠埃希菌(占27.69%)居多,其次为铜绿假单胞菌(占9.23%),肺炎克雷伯菌(占6.15%);检测出革兰阳性菌23株(占35.38%),其中以金黄色葡萄球菌为多(占16.92%),其余依次为表皮葡萄球菌、肠球菌及溶血性链球菌;产ESBLs酶大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和检出率肺炎克雷伯菌分别为55.56%、50.00%和40.00%,未发现产ESBLs株对亚胺培南的耐药株;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为45.45%,但对万古霉素和呋喃妥因的敏感率为100.00%。真菌4例,占6.15%,以白色念珠菌为主。结论山东医科院第三附院外科感染及多重耐药情况较严重,以革兰阴性菌为主,对亚胺培南敏感。     

糖尿病足溃疡感染患者足部溃疡分泌物主要病原菌构成及耐药性分析

选择2018年1月至2020年1月糖尿病足溃疡感染患者98例,收集足部溃疡分泌物,并进行细菌培养、药敏试验。结果共分离出病原菌103株,其中革兰阴性菌42株(40.78%),革兰阳性菌49株(47.57%),真菌12株(11.65%);对亚胺培南及美罗培南对大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的敏感率较高;哌拉西林-他唑巴坦对铜绿假单胞菌的敏感率较高;对替考拉宁及万古霉素,金黄色葡萄球菌及粪肠球菌的敏感率均较高。结论糖尿病足溃疡感染患者足部溃疡分泌物病原菌分布以革兰阳性菌为主。     

Effects of inspiratory muscle training in patients with heart failure

Aim

To investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on functional capacity and balance, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnea, fatigue, depression, and quality of life in heart failure patients.

Methods

A prospective, randomized controlled, double-blinded study. Thirty patients with heart failure (NYHA II-III, LVEF<40%) were included. Sixteen patients received IMT at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and 14 patients received sham therapy (15% of MIP) for 6 weeks. Functional capacity and balance, respiratory muscle strength, quadriceps femoris muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnea, fatigue, quality of life, and depression were evaluated.

Results

Functional capacity and balance, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, dyspnea, depression were significantly improved in the treatment group compared with controls; quality of life and fatigue were similarly improved within groups (p < 0.05). Functional capacity (418.59 ± 123.32 to 478.56 ± 131.58 m, p < 0.001), respiratory (MIP = 62.00 ± 33.57 to 97.13 ± 32.63 cmH₂O, p < 0.001) and quadriceps femoris muscle strength (240.91 ± 106.08 to 301.82 ± 111.86 N, p < 0.001), FEV₁%, FVC% and PEF%, functional balance (52.73 ± 3.15 to 54.25 ± 2.34, p < 0.001), functional dyspnea (2.27 ± 0.88 to 1.07 ± 0.79, p < 0.001), depression (11.47 ± 7.50 to 3.20 ± 4.09, p < 0.001), quality of life, fatigue (42.73 ± 11.75 to 29.07 ± 13.96, p < 0.001) were significantly improved in the treatment group. Respiratory muscle strength (MIP = 78.64 ± 35.95 to 90.86 ± 30.23 cmH₂O, p = 0.001), FVC%, depression (14.36 ± 9.04 to 9.50 ± 10.42, p = 0.011), quality of life and fatigue (42.86 ± 12.67 to 32.93 ± 15.87, p = 0.008) were significantly improved in the control group.

Conclusion

The IMT improves functional capacity and balance, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength; decreases depression and dyspnea perception in patients with heart failure. IMT should be included effectively in pulmonary rehabilitation programs.     

Cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in women

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Herzrhythmusstörungen sind seit Jahrzehnten bekannt. Einflüsse von Sexualsteroiden auf das autonome Nervensystem und die zelluläre Elektrophysiologie des Erregungsbildungs- und -leitungssystems werden ebenso diskutiert wie direkte genetische Dispositionen auf zellulärer, funktioneller oder metabolischer Ebene. Zudem gilt es, die alters- und geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede im Hinblick auf unterschiedliche kardiale Grunderkrankungen zu berücksichtigen, die ihrerseits Häufigkeit, Form und Schwere maßgeblich mitbestimmen. Herzrhythmusstörungen bei Frauen: Eine im Vergleich zu Männern höhere Ruhefrequenz und ein längeres QTc-Intervall, beginnend nach der Pubertät, sind die auffälligsten EKG-Veränderungen bei Frauen und weisen eine enge Beziehung zu konstitutionellen und hormonellen Einflüssen auf. Supraventrikuläre Herzrhythmusstörungen, bei Frauen prädestiniert Sinus- und AV-Knoten-Reentry-Tachykardien, seltener Wolff-Parkinson-White-Tachykardien, können zyklusabhängigen Häufigkeitsschwankungen unterliegen. Vorhofflimmern ist bei Frauen ebenfalls häufiger als bei Männern, meist typischerweise symptomatisch, und die Therapie erweist sich als problematischer. Ventrikuläre Herzrhythmusstörungen, in der gesunden Allgemeinbevölkerung gleich häufig, weisen bei Männern eine enge und prognostisch bedeutsame Beziehung zur KHK auf, während diese bei Frauen weniger ausgeprägt ist und arrhythmogene Kofaktoren eine größere Rolle spielen. Frauen leiden häufiger an erworbenem und kongenitalem Long-QT-Syndrom, in deren Folge häufiger Torsade de pointes-Tachykardien auftreten (u. a. durch ausgeprägtere medikamentös induzierte QT-Verlängerung, häufigere Kurz-Lang-Sequenzen, Unterschiede der Ikr-Sensitivität), die allerdings seltener als bei Männern in Kammerflimmern degenerieren. Frauen sind von einem plötzlichen Herztod etwa dreimal seltener betroffen. Er ereignet sich etwa zehn Jahre später; die zugrunde liegende Ursache ist deutlich heterogener als bei Männern, und die Prognose, ein solches Ereignis zu überleben, ist deutlich schlechter. Frauen sind in Studien zu Primär- und Sekundärprävention deutlich unterrepräsentiert, wenngleich der Nutzen dieser Therapie sogar den bei Männern zu übersteigen scheint. Schlussfolgerungen: Auch wenn die Genese der geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede von kardialen Arrhythmien in einer Reihe von Punkten noch offen ist, implizieren die dargestellten Befunde die besondere Notwendigkeit eines entsprechend ausgerichteten Forschungsansatzes, da sich nur so geschlechtsspezifische Risikostratifikations- und Therapieansätze für die Zukunft entwickeln lassen.     

Gut microbiota changes in patients with hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hypertension is a major public health issue worldwide. The imbalance of gut microbiota is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The authors conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the relationship between gut microbiota and hypertension through conducting an electronic search in six databases. Our meta-analysis included 19 studies and the results showed that compared with healthy controls, Shannon significantly decreased in hypertension [SMD = −0.13, 95%CI (−0.22, −0.04), p = .007]; however, Simpson [SMD = −0.01, 95%CI (−0.14, 0.12), p = .87], ACE [SMD = 0.18, 95%CI (−0.06, 0.43), p = .14], and Chao1 [SMD = 0.11, 95%CI (−0.01, 0.23), p = .08] did not differ significantly between hypertension and healthy controls. The F/B ratio significantly increased in hypertension [SMD = 0.84, 95%CI (0.10, 1.58), p = .03]. In addition, Shannon index was negatively correlated with hypertension [r = −0.12, 95%CI (−0.19, −0.05)], but had no significant correlation with SBP [r = 0.10, 95%CI (−0.19, 0.37)] and DBP [r = −0.39, 95%CI (−0.73, 0.12)]. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes [SMD = −0.01, 95%CI (−0.37, 0.34), p = .94], Bacteroidetes [SMD = −0.15, 95%CI (−0.44, 0.14), p = .30], Proteobacteria [SMD = 0.25, 95%CI (−0.01, 0.51), p = .06], and Actinobacteria [SMD = 0.21, 95%CI (−0.11, 0.53), p = .21] did not differ significantly between hypertension and healthy controls. At the genus level, compared with healthy controls, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium decreased significantly [SMD = −0.16, 95%CI (−0.28, −0.04), p = .01], while the Streptococcus [SMD = 0.20, 95%CI (0.08, 0.32), p = .001] and Enterococcus [SMD = 0.20, 95%CI (0.08, 0.33), p = .002] significantly increased in hypertension. Available evidence suggests that hypertensive patients may have an imbalance of gut microbiota. However, it still needs further validation by large sample size studies of high quality.     

Clinical characteristics of non‐small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations and ALK&ROS1 fusions

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between clinical characteristics and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions, c‐ros oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) gene fusions, and epidermic growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to distinguish these different types.MethodsBoth ALK, ROS1 gene rearrangements and EGFR mutations testing were performed. The clinical characteristics and associated pulmonary abnormalities were investigated.ResultsFour hundred fifty‐three NSCLC patients were included for analysis. One hundred seventy (37.5%), 32 (7.1%), and 9 cases (2.0%) with EGFR mutations, ALK gene fusions, and ROS1 gene fusions were identified, respectively. The EGFR‐positive and ALK&ROS1‐positive were more common in female (χ ² = 61.934, P < 0.001 and χ ² = 28.152, P < 0.001), non‐smoking (χ ² = 59.315, P < 0.001 and χ ² = 11.080, P = 0.001), and adenocarcinoma (χ ² = 44.864, P < 0.001 and χ ² = 12.318, P = 0.002) patients; proportion of patients with emphysema was lower (χ ² = 35.494, P < 0.001 and χ ² = 15.770, P < 0.001) than the wild‐type patients. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that female (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.834, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.069–3.144, P = 0.028), non‐smoking (adjusted OR 2.504, 95% CI 1.456–4.306, P = 0.001), lung adenocarcinoma (adjusted OR 4.512, 95% CI 2.465–8.260, P < 0.001), stage III–IV (adjusted OR 2.232, 95% CI 1.066–4.676, P = 0.033), and no symptoms of emphysema (adjusted OR 2.139, 95% CI 1.221–3.747, P = 0.008) were independent variables associated with EGFR mutations. Young (adjusted OR 3.947, 95% CI 1.873–8.314, P < 0.001) and lung adenocarcinoma (adjusted OR 2.950, 95% CI 0.998–8.719, P = 0.050) were associated with ALK/ROS1 fusions.Conclusions EGFR mutations were more likely to occur in non‐smoking, stage III–IV, and female patients with lung adenocarcinoma, whereas ALK&ROS1 gene fusions were more likely to occur in young patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Emphysema was less common in patients with EGFR mutations.     

Arterial blood pressure and serum lipids in a population of children and adolescents from Southern Italy: The Calabrian Sierras Community Study (CSCS)

Background

Lipid standards in Italy are lacking in children and adolescents whereas those for blood pressure (BP) were derived from US surveys.

Methods

In a 14-town community in Southern Italy 1657 (64%) of 2594 children aged 6–14 years were enrolled and anthropometric, BP, lipid and glucose serum levels were obtained.

Results

Average systolic BP was 101 ± 11 (60–150) mm Hg and cholesterol (CholT) level was 156 ± 28 (57–264) mg/dl. There were positive (p < 0.00001) age-trends for systolic BP and body mass index (BMI) in both genders whereas age-trends for CholT and heart rate were negative (p < 0.00001). A negative age-trend in both genders was also seen for non-HDL cholesterol (p < 0.03). Based on 95% percentile gender and age distributions, there were 177 (10.68%) hypertensive (HT) and 82 (4.94%) hypercholesterolemic (HC) children or adolescents. Univariately, HT had higher (p < 0.00001) height, weight, BMI, arm circumference, hips, waist, diastolic BP and waist/height, whereas HC had higher LDL-, HDL and non-HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.01). Systolic BP was predicted (r² = 0.2810, p = 0.00001) by age (t = 2.319, p < 0.0205), male gender (t = 3.179, p < 0.0015), glucose (t = 2.357, p < 0.0186), height (t = 2.473, p < 0.0135), arm circumference (t = 3.313, p < 0.0009) and heart rate (t = 4.161, p < 0.00001). CholT was related inversely (r² = 0.1399, p = 0.00001) to height (t = − 3.928, p < 0.0001), weight (t = − 3.922, p < 0.0001) and waist/height (t = − 4.797, p < 0.00001) and directly to BMI (t = 3.064, p < 0.0022), waist (t = 5.149, p < 0.0000), triglycerides (t = 11.332, p < 0.00001) and female gender (t = − 2.041, p < 0.0414).

Conclusion

In these Southern Italian children and adolescents systolic BP and CholT are related with anthropometric and other variables, not confined to height. BP is lower than previously reported.     

Quality of life in young fibromyalgia patients and effect of depression

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the depression and quality of life (QOL) scores of fibromyalgia (FM) patients and control subjects. We also aimed to detect relationships between different QOL scales, depression and clinical symptoms. Method: Ninety‐eight fibromyalgia patients and 48 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Depression was evaluated by a psychiatrist according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Edition 4 (DSM‐IV) criteria. QOL of the FM patients was assessed according to the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). Results: We found significantly higher scores of depression, NHP, FIQ and HAQ in FM patients compared with controls (P < 0.000). Pain, tender point count (TPC), pain intensity, skinfold tenderness, FIQ, HAQ, and NHP scores were higher in patients with depression than in those without depression. Depression scores correlated with FIQ (r = 0.39, P < 0.01), HAQ (r = 0.35, P < 0.01), NHP (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) scores, TPC (r = 0.34, P < 0.01) and duration of disease (r = 0.21, P < 0.05). Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire scores correlated with HAQ scores (r = 0.45, P < 0.01), NHP scores (r = 0.49, P < 0.01) and TPC (r = 0.21, P < 0.05). HAQ scores correlated with NHP scores (r = 0.40, P < 0.01) and TPC (r = 0.29, P < 0.05). Nottingham Health Profile scores correlated with TPC (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) and duration of disease (r = 0.22, P < 0.05). Conclusion: We found higher scores of TPC, pain intensity, skinfold tenderness, NHP, FIQ, and HAQ in depressive FM patients as compared with non‐depressive FM patients. Our study indicates that there is an important relationship between pain, depression and QOL scales in young FM patients. Therefore; these patients should be managed using a multidisciplinary approach including psychiatric support.     

Diabetes and pregnancy

Summary Pregnancy raises insulin requirement, lowers the renal threshold for glucose, increases the tendency to infection of the urinary tract and to renal insufficiency. Diabetic women are more prone to hydramnios, toxemia, stillbirths and neonatal deaths. Their infants, in contrast to their appearance (macrosomia), are immature and of low vitality. Congenital abnormalities, hyaline membrane disease, cardiac dilatation, hyperbilirubinemia, hypocalcemic tetany make their adaptation to extrauterine life difficult during the first few days. Good cooperation between internist, obstetrician, anesthesiologist and pediatrician considerably improves the prognosis of diabetic pregnancies.

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Zusammenfassung Schwangerschaft erhöht den Insulinbedarf, senkt die Nierenschwelle für Traubenzucker, steigert die Neigung zu Infektionen der Harnwege und zu Niereninsuffizienz. Diabetikerinnen neigen zu Hydramnion, Spättoxikose, Totgeburt und Neugeborenen-Todesfällen. Die Kinder zuckerkranker Mütter sind trotz ihrer Makrosomie unreif und lebensschwach. Missbildungen, hyaline Membranen, Herzerweiterung, Hyperbilirubinämie, hypokalzämische Tetanie erschweren während der ersten Tage die Anpassung an das extrauterine Leben. Gute Zusammenarbeit von Internist, Geburtshelfer, Narkosearzt und Pädiater verbessern die Prognose der Schwangerschaft bei zuckerkranken Frauen in wesentlichem Masse.

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Resumen El embarazo aumenta la necesidad de insulina, disminuye el dintel renal de la glucosa, aumenta la tendencia a las infecciones de las vias urinarias y a la insuficiencia renal. En las mujeres diabéticas son más frecuentes el hidramnios, la toxiemia, la natimortalidad y las muertes neonatales. Los recién nacidos de madre diabética, contrariamente a su aspecto (macrosomia), son inmaturos y escasamente vitales. Su adaptación a la vida extrauterina en los primeros días de vida se hace difícil a causa de anomalías congénitas, membranas hialinas, dilatación cardiaca, hiperbilirrubinemia y tetania hipocalcémica. Una buena collaboración entre internista, obstétrico, anestesista y pediatra mejora considerablemente el pronóstico de los embarazos diabéticos.

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Résumé La grossesse augmente le besoin en insuline, descend le seuil rénal pour glucose et agrandit la tendance à l'infection des voies urinaires et à l'insuffisance rénale. Chez les femmes diabétiques l'hydramnie est fréquente; elles sont disposées à la toxémie, aux mort-nés et à une mortalité exagérée des nouveau-nés. Les nouveau-nés des mères diabétiques sont immatures et de vitalité réduite malgré leur apparence macrosomique. Des malformations congénitales, des membranes hyalines, une dilatation aiguë du coeur, l'hyperbilirubinémie, une tétanie hypocalcémique rendent difficile l'adaptation à la vie extrautérine, surtout pendant les premiers jours. Une étroite coopération entre interniste, accoucheur, narcotiseur et pédiatre améliore considérablement le pronostic de la grossesse des diabétiques.

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Riassunto La gravidanza accresce il fabbisogno insulinico, abbassa la soglia renale per il glucosio, aumenta la disposizione alle infezioni delle vie urinarie e all'insufficienza renale. Nelle donne diabetiche sono più frequenti l'idramnios, la tossiemia, la natimortalità e le morti neonatali. I neonati di madre diabetica, contrariamente al loro aspetto (macrosomia), sono immaturi e scarsamente vitali. Il loro adattamento alla vita extrauterina nei primi giorni di vita è reso difficile da anomalie congenite, membrane ialine, dilatazione cardiaca, iperbilirubinemia e tetania ipocalcemica. Una buona cooperazione tra internista, ostetrico, anestesista e pediatra migliora considerevolmente la prognosi delle gravidanze diabetiche.

     

Predictive Factors of Severe Behçet's disease: A Longitudinal,Prospective Cohort Followed Between 1981–2020

IntroductionBehçet's disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown cause. The spectrum of the disease ranges from mucocutaneous manifestations to other organ diseases with relevant morbidity. Associations between disease severity and male sex, earlier age at onset, and the presence of erythema nodosum have been described.ObjectivesTo evaluate clinical factors associated with manifestations of severe disease in a single-center cohort.MethodsA longitudinal, prospective, unicentric cohort study with patients followed in a specialized outpatient clinic between 1981 and 2020. Severe BD was defined as a Krause total clinical severity score >4 points.ResultsWe included 243 patients, of whom 31% were male, with an average follow-up time of 14.6 years. Regarding organ manifestations, all patients had mucous manifestations (N = 243, 100%), 133 (55%) skin, 104 (43%) joint, 71 (29%) ocular, 48 (20%) vascular, 47 (19%) neurological, 22 (9%) gastrointestinal and 1 (0.4%) cardiac involvement by BD. One hundred fifty-six (64%) patients were classified as having severe BD. Severe BD was more frequent in men (OR = 2.004, p = 0.024), increasing with age (OR = 1.021 per year, p = 0.037), in the presence of skin manifestations (OR = 4.711, p < 0.001), specifically erythema nodosum (OR = 8.381, p < 0.001), and pseudofolliculitis (OR = 2.910, p < 0.001).In the multivariate model, variables independently associated with severe BD were male gender (Adjusted OR = 1.961, p = 0.047), erythema nodosum (Adjusted OR = 8.561, p < 0.001) and pseudofolliculitis (Adjusted OR = 2.372, p = 0.007).DiscussionMale gender, erythema nodosum, and pseudofolliculitis were independently associated with severe BD forms and therefore should serve as warning signs to the clinician.     

Doppler parameters of ophthalmic artery in women with preeclampsia: A meta-analysis

Preeclampsia is a progressive and severe cardiovascular disorder in pregnant women. To determine the potential significance of ophthalmic Doppler parameters in preeclamptic women and to provide evidence-based hints for clinical practice and scientific investigation. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library till July 31, 2022. Pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model. Heterogeneity across included studies was evaluated utilizing the Q test and I² statistic. We identified 8 observational studies that met the inclusion criteria. The pooled SMD for peak systolic velocities (PSV) was .12 (95% CI: −.82, 1.06, p = .8071; I² = 94%, p < .0001). The overall SMD for time-averaged mean peak velocities (MV) was 1.79 (95% CI: .87, 2.71, p = .0001; I² = 60%, p = .1152). Regarding the pulsatility index (PI), the pooled SMD was −2.05 (95% CI: −3.12, −.98, p = .0002; I² = 92%, p < .0001). Overall SMD for end-diastolic velocities (EDV) was 1.11 (95% CI: .23, 1.98, p = .0136; I² = 92%, p < .0001). The pooled SMDs for resistance index (RI) and peak ratio (PR) was −.18 (95% CI: −1.90, 1.53, p = .8333; I² = 96%, p < .0001) and 1.46 (95% CI: −1.30, 4.22, p = .2994; I² = 99%, p < .0001), respectively. Publication bias was not identified. MV, PI, and EDV showed significant differences between patients with preeclampsia and non-hypertensive pregnant participants. Studies on the predictive performance of ophthalmic artery Doppler parameters are warranted.     

Inpatientvs. outpatient bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery

BACKGROUND: Recent pressures to decrease the cost of medical care have mandated preoperative outpatient bowel preparation (OBP) for elective colorectal surgery without any data documenting equivalent quality of care. This study examined the safety and efficacy of OBP compared with inpatient bowel preparation (IBP). METHODS: Records of all patients who underwent OBP for elective colorectal resection since the inception of the OBP program from July 1993 to June 1994 were compared with records of all patients who received IBP for elective procedures from January to June 1993. RESULTS: The two groups, 90 patients who underwent OBP and 98 patient who had IBP, were well matched for age, sex, diagnosis, and operations performed. The OBP group had a shorter length of hospital stay (median, 7 vs. 9 days; P < 0.0001; chi-squared analysis), whereas the complication rate was similar (19 percent in the OBP group vs. 18 percent in the IBP group), including infectious complications (10 percent in the OBP group vs. 7 percent in the IBP group). Although operating time was similar (mean, 199 vs. 213 minutes) and estimated blood loss (mean, 528 vs. 536 ml), the OBP group had significantly higher perioperative fluid requirements: intraoperative fluids (median, 4300 vs. 3700 ml; P < 0.05; Student's t-test), intraoperative colloid administration (48 vs. 29 percent; P < 0.0002; chi-squared), 24-hour postoperative fluids (3224 vs. 2700 ml; P < 0.0001; Student's t-test), and postoperative fluid challenges (50 vs. 20 percent; P <0.0001; chi-squared analysis). CONCLUSION: Outpatient bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery is safe and effective. It offers shorter hospital stay, and, therefore, potentially reduces medical care cost. Patients with multiple medical problems may not tolerate extensive fluid shifts; therefore, other preoperative arrangements, such as inpatient or outpatient intravenous fluid therapy, need to be considered to minimize complications that may outweigh potential cost savings.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, May 7 to 12, 1995.