卡通表情自动加工的失匹配负波研究

Objective To investigate the mechanism of automatic processing of cartoon facial expressions by using event-related potential(ERP).Methods Sixteen healthy volunteers (7 males and 9 females) were recruited for this study.The subjects were instructed to mentally count green faces (targets) and ignore the red ones (non-targets) including standard neutral expressions and deviant emotional expressions.Thirty two channels electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded by Neuroscan Nuamps System.The amplitudes of mismatch negativity (MMN) were analyzed.Results (1) MMN1:the amplitudes were(-0.570 ± 0.076) μV (TP7/TP8),(-0.840 ±0.119) μV(A1/A2) ,(-1.199 ±0.105)μV(T5/T6) ,(-1.184 ±0.102)μV(O1/O2).There was a significant main effect of site (F(3,45) = 8.340, P ＜ 0.05 ) and an interaction of orientation × hemisphere (F(1,15) =11.977, P＜0.05).( 2 ) MMN2: the amplitudes were (-0.469 ± 0.126 ) μV ( TP7/TP8 ), (-1.014 ± 0.255 ) μV(A1/A2) ,(-1.071 ±0.182)μV(T5/T6), (-0.915 ±0.178)μV (O1/O2).There was a significant main effect of orientation (F(1,15) = 7.232, P ＜ 0.05 ) and interactions of orientation × type (F(1,15) = 6.458, P ＜ 0.05 )and orientation × hemisphere(F(1,15) = 11.907, P＜0.05 ).Conclusion Cartoon emotional faces elicit expressionrelated MMN indexing automatic processing.The MMN amplitude is right-lateralized and larger for negative than positive expression.     

卡通表情自动加工的失匹配负波研究

目的 采用事件相关电位(Event-related potential,ERP)技术探讨人脑对卡通表情自动加工的脑电生理机制.方法 受试者为16名健康人(男7,女9).要求受试者观看卡通表情图片并计数靶刺激绿色图片的呈现次数,而忽略非靶刺激红色图片(包括作为标准刺激的中性表情及作为偏差刺激的情绪性表情).记录32导脑电,对受试者的视觉失匹配负波(Mismatch negativity,MMN)的波幅进行分析.结果 (1)MMN1:波幅分另为(-0.570±0.076)μV(TP7/TP8)、(-0.840±0.119)μV(A1/A2)、(-1.199±0.105)μV(T5/T6)、(-1.184±0.102)μV(O1/O2).波幅的电极位置主效应显著(F(3,45)=8.340,P＜0.05).方向与半球存在交互效应显著(F(1,15)=11.977,P＜0.05).(2)MMN2:波幅分别为(-0.469±0.126)μV(TP7/TP8)、(-1.014±0.255)μV(A1/A2)、(-1.071±0.182)μV(T5/T6)、(-0.915±0.178)μV(O1/O2).方向主效应差异有显著性(F(1,15)=7.232,P＜0.05),且方向与表情交互效应显著(F(1,15)=6.458,P＜0.05),方向与半球交互效应显著(F(1,15)=11.907,P＜0.05).结论 人脑对正、负性卡通表情均可进行自动加工,而负性表情自动加工较正性表情更强;表情信息自动加工存在右侧偏侧化效应.     

情绪启动对大学生内隐和外显记忆影响的心境一致性记忆效应

Objective To investigate the different effect of positive and negative emotion induced by film clips on explicit and implicit memory,and whether there is mood congruency effect. Methods Thirty participants who were randomly assigned to three experimental groups were investigated. They were exposed in different film clips and then worked on memory task. After each emotional condition,the 5-point Self Assessment Scale was registered , Buchner's processing dissociation corrected model was employed to separate explicit and implicit memory. Results (1) The emotion arousal level of different films is significantly different, the scores of negative film and positive film were more than that of neutral film( (3.24 ± 1.02),(2.85 ± 1.35),(1.12 ± 1.42) , P＜0.01) ; the scores of emotional valence of positive,negative and neutral priming condition were (4. 10 ±0. 20), (3. 60 ± 0.22) and (3.20 ±0. 97), and there was a significant difference between emotion priming conditions (F(2,27) = 46.81, P＜ 0. 01). (2) There was a significant difference among different emotion priming conditions in R (F(2,87) = 30.129, P＜0.05) .and there was no significant difference among different emotion priming conditions in A. (3) In R,there was a main effect in emotional words(F(2,81) = 10.516, P＜0.05) ,the R scores of neutral words were significantly higher than those of negative words(P＜0.01) ,there was a main effect in emotion priming conditions(F (2,81) =10.516, P＜0.05) ,the R scores of positive emotion priming group and neutral emotion priming group were significantly higher than those of negative emotion priming group (P＜0.05). There was an interaction of emotional words and emotion priming conditions(F(4,81) = 10.640, P ＜ 0.01). Under positive emotion priming condition, the R scores of positive and neutral words were significantly higher than those of negative words (P＜0.05);under negative emotion priming condition, the R scores of negative words were significantly higher than those of positive words (P ＜0.05); under neutral emotion priming condition, the R scores of positive and neutral words were significantly higher than those of negative words (P＜0.05). (4) In A, the main effect of emotion priming conditions and emotional words and interaction effect between them were not significant(P＞0.05). Conclusions Explicit memory showed mood congruency memory effect,but implicit memory,neither the positive emotion priming group nor the negative emotion priming group exhibited mood congruency memory effect.     

蛋白激酶B1基因多态性与重性抑郁障碍事件相关电位的关联性研究

Objective To explore the relationship of protein kinase B1 ( PKB1 ) gene polymorphisms in PI3-K pathway of BDNF and event-related potentials in depression.Methods The design of case-control research was used ,and 91 major depressive patients and 65 normal controls who were made in age and gender matched with patients were measured auditory event-related potential P300 and contingent negative variation ( CNV ) in the day when two groups were collected.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing technology were used to detect PKB1 gene polymorphisms.Three SNPs that named rs3001371 ,rs2494738 ,rs1130214 were selected from 3 representative BLOCK Districts of PKB1.Two independent samples t test was used to analysis P300 and CNV between two groups,and the same way to analysis the average level of P300 and CNV and PKB1 SNP genolatency of P2(P＜0.05) and lower amplitude of P3a(P＜0.01 ) ,P3b(P＜0.01 ) and P3 (P＜0.01 ) ;CNV had der had statistical difference (P＜ 0.05 )in PKB1 rs3001371 gene between C/C and C/T genotype combined which included C allele, and T/T genotype.The amplitude of P3a( (5.93 ± 2.35 ) μV, P3b(6.51 ± 3.00) μV, P3 (6.27±2.43) μV) were lower than TT Genotype ( (7.45 ±2.19)μV, (8.63 ±3.57)μV,(8.04 ±2.57)μV,respectively).The mean of CNV indicators were not found different in statistics among the rs3001371 genotypes.Conclusions PKB1 gene rs3001371 polymorphism is associated with the principal component of P300 amplitude in patients with Major depressive disorder which suggest that genetic factors may have a certain impact on cognitive function in the patients with Major depressive disorder.     

蛋白激酶B1基因多态性与重性抑郁障碍事件相关电位的关联性研究

Objective To explore the relationship of protein kinase B1 ( PKB1 ) gene polymorphisms in PI3-K pathway of BDNF and event-related potentials in depression.Methods The design of case-control research was used ,and 91 major depressive patients and 65 normal controls who were made in age and gender matched with patients were measured auditory event-related potential P300 and contingent negative variation ( CNV ) in the day when two groups were collected.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing technology were used to detect PKB1 gene polymorphisms.Three SNPs that named rs3001371 ,rs2494738 ,rs1130214 were selected from 3 representative BLOCK Districts of PKB1.Two independent samples t test was used to analysis P300 and CNV between two groups,and the same way to analysis the average level of P300 and CNV and PKB1 SNP genolatency of P2(P＜0.05) and lower amplitude of P3a(P＜0.01 ) ,P3b(P＜0.01 ) and P3 (P＜0.01 ) ;CNV had der had statistical difference (P＜ 0.05 )in PKB1 rs3001371 gene between C/C and C/T genotype combined which included C allele, and T/T genotype.The amplitude of P3a( (5.93 ± 2.35 ) μV, P3b(6.51 ± 3.00) μV, P3 (6.27±2.43) μV) were lower than TT Genotype ( (7.45 ±2.19)μV, (8.63 ±3.57)μV,(8.04 ±2.57)μV,respectively).The mean of CNV indicators were not found different in statistics among the rs3001371 genotypes.Conclusions PKB1 gene rs3001371 polymorphism is associated with the principal component of P300 amplitude in patients with Major depressive disorder which suggest that genetic factors may have a certain impact on cognitive function in the patients with Major depressive disorder.     

幼年应激致成年大鼠应激敏感性增加的突触形态学变化

Objective To observe the influence of stress in childhood on adult rat's stress sensitization and the neural mechanism. Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into stress group (thirty) and non-stress group(thirty). The rats in stress group were given 14 repeated daily forced swimming. The emotional behaviors were tested at the beginning of the experiment and when stress of forced swimming ended 8 weeks later. When the appraisal of behavior ended,the pyramidal neuron in the left hippocampal CA3 regions were counted under the light microscope, the pictures of synapses in the left hippocampal CA3 regions were got under the electromicroscope,and the morphological changes of synapses were analyzed with the automatic image analyzing system. Results (1) The score (1.20±0.60) of emotional behavior of stress group increased more than non-stress group(-0.13±0.83) (P<0.05). (2) The number of pyramidal neuron in the left hippocampal CA3 re-gions of stress group rats was small than that of non-stress group rats. (3) The number density [(1.01±0.15) N/ μm3 ], prosop density (0.20±0.04 )μm2/μm3], the average area of synaptic linkage [(0.05±0.02) μm2], the length of active areas [(314.78±46.32) nm], the curvatures (1.02±0.04), the thickness of postsynaptic dense material [(46.35±6.81) nm] in the left hippocampal CA3 regions of the stress group were small than those of non-stress group (P<0.05). Conclusion The stress in childhood could increase the stress sensitization of adult rats,and the decrease of synaptic plasticity might be the mechanism.     

Localization and distribution of magnetic chemotherapeutic drugs with magnetic targeting in rat brain

Background Magnetic targeting therapy may be a new method for the treatment of malignent tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the localization and distribution of ferrofluid microsphere of human serum albumin methotrexate (FM-HSA-MTX) carriers in the brain and to explore the magnetic targeting chemotherapy for malignant brain tumor.Methods Ninety SD rats were divided into three groups: targeting group, non-magnetic targeting group, and control group. Synthesized FM-HSA-MTX carriers (MTX 25 mg/kg) were injected into the systemic circulation via the caudal vein (magnetic targeting group, n=30). A 0.6 T magnetic field was placed around the right hemisphere. The non-magnetic targeting group (n=30) was administered with FM-HSA-MTX without external magnetic field, meanwhile the control group (n=30) was treated with MTX and a magnetic field. Random serial sacrifices (n=10) were conducted at 15, 30 and 45 minutes after drug administration. Bilateral hemispheres were collected respectively, and analyzed for total MTX content. Results MTX content in the right hemisphere of the magnetic targeting group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups at 15, 30 and 45 minutes after drug administration （P＜0.05) No difference was seen between the non-targeting group and control group. In the magnetic targeting group, MTX returned to the peak level ［(0.564±0.018） mg/g, q15-45=32.252, P＜0.05］ 45 minutes after the injection but it deceased in the other two groups ［non-magnetic targeting group: （0.060±0.015） mg/g, q15-45=9.245, P＜0.05, control group: （0.074±0.045） mg/g, q15-45=6.299, P＜0.05］. In the magnetic targeting group, the concentration of MTX in the right hemisphere was significantly higher than that in the left hemisphere (t45min=21.135, P=0.000) but no difference was observed between bilateral hemispheres in the other two groups （non-magnetic targeting group： t45min=0.434, P=0.670; control group： t45min=0.533, P=0.600）. Conclusion In the presence of the external magnetic field, FM-HSA-MTX can distribute successfully in the targeting areas of the brain.     

Pioglitazone ameliorates experimental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B and cyclooxygenases-2 expression in rats

Background Pioglitazone is effective in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the mechanism of action is not completely understood. This study was designed to investigate the impact of pioglitazone on hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) expressions in NASH rats. Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to a control group (n=10), NASH group (n=10) and pioglitazone treatment group (n=10). Liver tissues were processed for histology by HE and Masson stained. Biochemical parameters of antioxidant enzyme activities, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the serum and hepatic samples were measured. The mRNA and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), NF-κB and COX-2 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results There were severe steatosis, moderate inflammatory cellular infiltration and fibrosis in the livers of the NASH models. After treatment, steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis were significantly improved compared with the NASH group (χ2＝20.40, P＜0.001; χ2＝20.17, P＜0.001; χ2＝13.98, P=0.002). The serum and hepatic levels of total anti-oxidation competence (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the NASH group were conspicuous disordered than those indicators in the control group. In the NASH group, the levels of serum TNF-α and PGE2 were significantly increased compared with the control group. Immunohistochemistry showed expressions of NF-κB and COX-2 in livers were significantly elevated, but PPARγ was decreased in the NASH group. Real-time PCR and Western blotting revealed mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 were increased in the NASH group compared with the control group (0.57±0.08 vs 2.83±0.24; 0.38±0.03 vs 1.00±0.03, P＜0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). After pioglitazone intervention, all of those indicators markedly improved(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ). Conclusion Suppressing hepatic NF-κB and COX-2 expression, at least in part, is one of the possible therapeutic mechanisms of pioglitazone in NASH rats.     

麻疹的双相移位研究进展

近年新生儿、婴儿、成人麻疹患者逐年增加,临床表现一般仍较典型,成年人麻疹患者全身中毒症状较重。麻疹抗体检测结果阳性是主要的诊断依据。麻疹发病的双相移位的机理可能是,免疫保护力不足,婴儿出生时麻疹抗体力低。孕期母传胎的麻疹抗体减弱,母经乳汁传给婴儿的抗体减弱,成人麻疹抗体水平逐年下降。预防措施是怀孕前给予育龄妇女麻疹疫苗接种,鼓励母乳喂养,麻疹疫苗计划免疫适当提前,在成人追加麻疹疫苗的免疫,加强病毒变异的研究等。     

正常增殖期子宫内膜细胞增生状态的定量观察

以＾３氢－胸腺嘧啶核苷放射自显影法及ＨＥ染色，观察并分别测定了１８例正常子宫内膜增殖中期，１５例增殖晚期的腺上皮细胞或间质细胞的标记指数、分裂指数。结果显示：子宫内膜增殖晚期腺上皮细胞或间质细胞之ＬＩ均明显高于增殖中期。同时，增殖晚间质细胞之ＭＩ也明显高于增殖中期，即此两种细胞在增殖晚期中增生明显，其增生状态初步获得了定位定量测定的正常值。     

人工全髋关节置换术的手术配合

目的：介绍人工全髋关节置换术的手术配合做法;方法：主要在手术配合的六个方面,解决防感染、防栓塞等问题。结果：30例人工全髋关节置换术均获成功,结论：手术配合是护士责任心和基本功的全面体现,对提高手术效果有至关重要的影响。     

尿微量白蛋白检测在继发性肾脏疾病中的临床意义

目的探讨尿微量白蛋白（m-Alb）检测在继发性肾脏疾病中的临床意义。方法采用Beckman Immage全自动特种蛋白分析仪对糖尿病组、高血压组、心脏病组患者进行了m-Alb测定,同时与健康组结果作对比。结果m-Alb检测糖尿病组为3.7±5.26mg/dl,高血压组为7.5±8.18mg/dl,心脏病组为7.8±3.76mg/dl,健康组为0.66±0.48mg/dl,各试验组m-Alb增高百分率为糖尿病组48.9%,高血压组37.5%,心脏病组26.9%。结论尿蛋白阴性的糖尿病、高血压、心脏病患者进行m-Alb检测,可以监测病程的进展。     

尿液pH值对红细胞检验影响的探讨

[目的 ]通过尿液 pH值对红细胞检验影响的观察 ,更加科学、准确地诊断血尿和血红蛋白尿。[方法 ]采用干化学分析仪检测和尿液显微镜红细胞计数 ,观察 180例正常人尿标本加入正常人血标本后 ,不同 pH值 ,不同时间内 ,观察红细胞溶解情况。 [结果 ]pH <5 .5以下时 ,随着时间的延长 ,红细胞溶解现象明显。 1h后观察有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;2h后有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。[结论 ]pH <5 .5时对红细胞计数影响较大 ,易致红细胞发生溶解现象 ,出现假性血红蛋白尿 ,对血尿和血红蛋白尿很难区分 ,给临床诊断造成不便 ,更易引起漏诊和误诊。     

80例局限性银屑病误诊原因分析

本文报告80例局限于小腿或手或足的银屑病。均经皮肤组织病理检查确诊。因部位比较特殊。受多种理化因素影响,使皮疹形态发生轻重程度不同的变化,常看不到典型损害,因而误诊为神经性皮炎,湿疹,慢性皮炎及癣等。作者对误诊原因进行了分析后,提出了鉴别诊断方法。     

腰椎间盘突出症再次手术的原因分析

目的解决腰椎间盘突出症手术中神经压迫。方法对1980～1998年再手术资料进行统计分析,讨论分析再手术原因,再次手术前影像学检查,观察病理变化以确定再手术方法。结果对11例随访6个月～1年,优7例(68．4％),良3例(36．8％),差1例(2．8％)。结论初次手术前详细查体和分析X线片,术中用导尿管和神经剥离探查,尽量避免髓核遗留,手术范围不宜太大,尽量减少对软组织和脊柱结构的破坏,避免形成硬膜囊与神经根粘连而致单纯形疤痕。