玻璃体手术治疗视网膜中央静脉阻塞伴黄斑水肿

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of vitrectomy and radial optic neurotomy (RON) for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods Thirty-six consecutive patients (36 eyes) were identified duration of macular edema secondary to ischemic CRVO. According to the time of surgery, these patients divided into two groups, the radial optic neurotomy (RON) group, the Pars Planna Vitrectomy/Panretianl Endophotocoagulation (PPV/PE) group. The average follow-up periods were 28.6± 6.3 months. The changes in visual acuity (VA), foveal thickness, visual fiPEd and the case of optic disc were observed and compared. Results The visual acuity (VA) of 4 eyes in the radial optic neurotomy (RON) group and 6 eyes in the Pars Planna Vitrectomy /Panretiani Endopbotocoagulation (PPV/PE) group improved at the first 1 month. Then clinical observation and follow-up more than 1 year, in the radial optic neurotomy (RON) group: visual acuity (VA) had improvement in 8 eyes, 4 remained the same, whereas 2 became worse. The Pars Planna Vitrectomy/Panretianl Endopbotocoagulation (PPV/PE) group: visual acuity (VA) had improvement in 12 eyes, 8 remained the same, whereas 4 became worse. None of both the groups were≥0.5 in BCVA, and 50% were ≥0.1. It was not statistically significant between the two groups which eyes were≥ 0.1 in BCVA at 1 month and 1 year of follow-up (P >0.05 ). OCT showed that all patients were improved at their last follow-up when compared with preoperative foveal thickness. However,4 eyes had optic atrophy in RON group. Conclusions The improvement in visual acuity and macular edema between RON group and PPV/PE group has no statistically significant differences. However, optic atrophy is a major postoperative complication in the RON group. It's better to choose PPV/PE first.     

曲安奈德治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效评估

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone aeetonide (IVTA) for maeular edema secondary to B RVO determined by optic coherence tomography (OCT)and multifoeal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods TA was injected intravitreally in 28 eyes of 28 patients with maeular edema secondary to BRVO determined by OCT and mfERG. The change of visual acuity,the maeular thickness measured by OCT and maeular function by rnIERG were recorded and analyzed. Results Vi-sual acuity was improved significantly at the end of the follow up. The average macular thickness and the aver-age P1 amplitude was improved after treatment, which had statistical significance (P <0.05). Conelusion Ⅳ-TA could alleviate the macular edema secondary to BRVO. OCT and mfERG were useful means to evaluate the macular changes before and after IVTA for BRVO.     

曲安奈德治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效评估

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone aeetonide (IVTA) for maeular edema secondary to B RVO determined by optic coherence tomography (OCT)and multifoeal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods TA was injected intravitreally in 28 eyes of 28 patients with maeular edema secondary to BRVO determined by OCT and mfERG. The change of visual acuity,the maeular thickness measured by OCT and maeular function by rnIERG were recorded and analyzed. Results Vi-sual acuity was improved significantly at the end of the follow up. The average macular thickness and the aver-age P1 amplitude was improved after treatment, which had statistical significance (P <0.05). Conelusion Ⅳ-TA could alleviate the macular edema secondary to BRVO. OCT and mfERG were useful means to evaluate the macular changes before and after IVTA for BRVO.     

Effects of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Injection on Macular Edema and Visual Prognosis in Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Aim To determine the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone injection on macular edema and the visual prognosis in cases with CRVO. Methods Eyes with CRVO were classified as ischemic or nonischemic according to extend of retinal capillary nonperfusion. The patients received intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (4 mg/0.1 ml). A complete ophthalmologic evaluation together with flourescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed for each patient at presentation and at follow-up visits. The functional and anatomical results of both groups were assessed separately. Results A total of 22 eyes (11 ischemic, 11 nonischemic) were included in the study. Mean duration of symptoms before steroid injection was 4.9±5.5 months. Mean follow-up time was 11.5±2.4. All the eyes completed at least 9 months of examination. At least 3 lines of visual acuity increase using snellen visual acuity chart was observed in 81.8% of the eyes in nonischemic group, while only in 18.2% of the eyes in the ischemic group. In ischemic group, the mean foveal thickness was 766±320.7 μm at presentation, which significantly decreased to 441.7±166.9 μm at 9th month. In nonischemic group, the mean foveal thickness was 667±223 μm at presentation, which significantly decreased to 320±175.5 at 9th month. Significant IOP elevation was observed in 8 (36.4%) of the eyes, 75% of which could be controlled with medical treatment. Conclusion Intravitreal triamcinolone injection may be a promising and effective method for the treatment of macular edema associated with CRVO. Although anatomical results are similar in both groups, functional results are better in non-ischemic CRVO cases.     

Anatomic and functional results of idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane surgery

AIM: To assess the impact of macular surgery on the functional and anatomic outcomes in patients with grade 2 epiretinal membrane(ERM), and the effect of internal limiting membrane(ILM) peeling on visual acuity and to analyze the long-term effect of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) on intraocular pressure(IOP).METHODS: Pseudophakic eyes(62 eyes) diagnosed as idiopathic grade 2 ERM with at least 6 mo postoperative follow-up were included in this retrospective study. The fellow eye was nonvitrectomized. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1(29 eyes) treated with ERM and ILM peeling and group 2(33 eyes) with only ERM peeling. Preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), slit-lamp, and a dilated fundus examination was performed. IOP was measured with Goldman applanation tonometer before, day 1 and first week and each visit after surgery. The incidence of significant IOP elevation was compared between vitrectomized eyes and nonvitrectomized fellow eyes.RESULTS: Visual improvement was statistically significant and similar in both groups(P=0.008 in group 1, P=0.002 in group 2, P=0.09 inter-group). The amount of decrease in central macular thickness was statistically significant and similar in both groups(P=0.005 group 1, P=0.008 group 2, P=0.37 intergroup). At the final follow-up(14.1±9.6 mo) the incidence of significant IOP elevation was 4% in vitrectomized eyes(three eyes) and 3%(two eyes) in the nonvitrectomized fellow eyes(P=0.12). Four eyes(12.1%) had recurrent ERM after a mean follow-up of 8.6±1.1 mo in group 2, there was no recurrence in group 1(P=0.01).CONCLUSION: Recurrence of ERM may be decreased by ILM peeling during ERM surgery. However, it seems that ILM peeling do not affect the functional outcome and 23-gauge PPV alone do not have a significant effect on IOP.     

曲安奈德治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效评估

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone aeetonide (IVTA) for maeular edema secondary to B RVO determined by optic coherence tomography (OCT)and multifoeal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods TA was injected intravitreally in 28 eyes of 28 patients with maeular edema secondary to BRVO determined by OCT and mfERG. The change of visual acuity,the maeular thickness measured by OCT and maeular function by rnIERG were recorded and analyzed. Results Vi-sual acuity was improved significantly at the end of the follow up. The average macular thickness and the aver-age P1 amplitude was improved after treatment, which had statistical significance (P <0.05). Conelusion Ⅳ-TA could alleviate the macular edema secondary to BRVO. OCT and mfERG were useful means to evaluate the macular changes before and after IVTA for BRVO.     

The Natural History of Dry Type of Age-related Macular Degeneration

To study the natural history of dry type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and search for a sensitive method for detecting the development of the disease, the fundus fluorescein angiography, visual acuity, electroretinogram and FM 100-hue test were used to examine 75 eyes, 147 eyes, 73 eyes, and 94 eyes respectively. These examinations were taken at least twice during the follow-up periods. The average age was 63.2 years (50-80 years ). The average follow-up was 29.8 months with a range of 3-74 months. It was shown that there were not any statistically significant difference in the macular lesions and electroretinogram between the initial examinations and after follow-up (P>0.05). 91.14% of the eyes maintained good visual acuity during the follow-up. Subretinal neovascularization developed only in one of the eyes. The total error score of FM 100-hue test had a statistically significant difference between the initial test and the test taken two years afterwards (P<0.01). It was suggested that most of the dry type of AMD had a favorable prognosis and that color visual test was a sensitive method for monitoring the development of dry type of AMD.     

增殖型糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切割术后视力不良的相关因素研究

Objective To determine the incidence and predisposing factors for the poor visual acuity of less than 0.1 after vitrectomy in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods The clinical data of 95 cases (120 eyes) of PDR patients treated with vitrectomy were analyzed retrospectively. Compared the potential predisposing factors to the poor visual acuity between the two groups: one group with postoperative visual acuity of less than 0.1, the other group with postoperative visual acuity of 0.1 or more than 0.1. Results There were 37 (31%) eyes with postoperative visual acuity of less than 0.1. Univariate analysis revealed that there were association between the poor postoperative visual acuity and preoperative macular detachment、intraocular tamponade, postoperative high intraocular pressure, with no preoperative panretinal photocoagulation. Multivariate analysis revealed that there were great association between the poor postoperative visual acuity and preoperative macular detachment, postoperative high intraocular pressure. Conclusions The poor visual acuity of less than 0.1 after vitrectomy in the treatment of PDR has great association with preoperative macular detachment, postoperative high intraocular pressure.     

曲安奈德治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效评估

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone aeetonide (IVTA) for maeular edema secondary to B RVO determined by optic coherence tomography (OCT)and multifoeal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods TA was injected intravitreally in 28 eyes of 28 patients with maeular edema secondary to BRVO determined by OCT and mfERG. The change of visual acuity,the maeular thickness measured by OCT and maeular function by rnIERG were recorded and analyzed. Results Vi-sual acuity was improved significantly at the end of the follow up. The average macular thickness and the aver-age P1 amplitude was improved after treatment, which had statistical significance (P <0.05). Conelusion Ⅳ-TA could alleviate the macular edema secondary to BRVO. OCT and mfERG were useful means to evaluate the macular changes before and after IVTA for BRVO.     

曲安奈德治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效评估

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone aeetonide (IVTA) for maeular edema secondary to B RVO determined by optic coherence tomography (OCT)and multifoeal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods TA was injected intravitreally in 28 eyes of 28 patients with maeular edema secondary to BRVO determined by OCT and mfERG. The change of visual acuity,the maeular thickness measured by OCT and maeular function by rnIERG were recorded and analyzed. Results Vi-sual acuity was improved significantly at the end of the follow up. The average macular thickness and the aver-age P1 amplitude was improved after treatment, which had statistical significance (P <0.05). Conelusion Ⅳ-TA could alleviate the macular edema secondary to BRVO. OCT and mfERG were useful means to evaluate the macular changes before and after IVTA for BRVO.     

去炎松对玻璃体切除兔眼视网膜电图和超微结构的影响

3组12只兔双眼行玻璃体切除术，分别于一眼玻璃体内注入0.5、1.0，2.0mg去炎松悬液，另一眼注入眼用平衡盐液．观察术后28天内眼底及ERGb波和28天时视网膜结构的变化．注入各剂量的去炎松在28天时均未完全吸收，0.5、1 .0mg组用药眼ERGb波在各时间点与对照眼及术前无显著差异(P>0.05)；2.0mg组用药眼较术前无显著差异(P>0.05)，较对照眼有轻度升高(t=3.3589，P>0.05)．光镜及电镜下视网膜结构无损害．表明玻璃体切除后使用有效剂量的去炎松对视网膜仍是安全的． （中华眼底病杂志，1996，12：105-107）     

正确认识和掌握高度近视黄斑病变的诊疗方法,减少高度近视患者视功能损害

以近视眼中心凹劈裂、黄斑裂孔及黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离、近视性脉络膜新生血管为代表的高度近视黄斑病变是影响高度近视患者视功能的主要原因之一.光相干断层扫描检查有助于提升高度近视黄斑病变的认知水平.选择合适的手术时机,解除玻璃体后皮质和内界膜对视网膜的牵拉,有利于恢复视网膜的弹性,使近视眼中心凹劈裂消失.促进黄斑裂孔的闭合和视网膜复位;而抗新生血管药物与光动力疗法和(或)糖皮质激素联合应用,则是治疗近视性脉络膜新生血管的发展方向.正确认识和掌握高度近视黄斑病变的诊疗方法 和时机,采取针对性的干预措施.使其能够得到合理有效的治疗,是进一步减少高度近视患者视功能损害的关键.     

Coats病19例临床病理观察

目的：观察Coats病的临床及病理改变。 方法：复习本院眼科病理室1959—1994年经病理学证实的19例Coats病患者的临床资料和病理切片。 结果：男14例，女5例，年龄为1~18岁，10岁前发病者男性明显多于女性，随年龄增长，性别差异逐渐减少。病理改变主要是视网膜外层血管扩张充血，血管壁厚薄不均及结缔组织增生。晚期病例眼底多见视网膜脱离隆起，表面有血管改变和出血，视网膜下液中有泡沫细胞和胆固醇结晶，有的病例视网膜外层有钙化及骨化。 结论：Coats病是视网膜血管病变引起的视网膜多种病理变化，视网膜下液细胞学检查可作为本病与视网膜母细胞瘤鉴别诊断的可靠方法。 （中华眼底病杂志，1996，12：157-159）     

后巩膜加固术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的：探讨改进的后巩膜加固术对高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离的治疗效果。 方法：1993年3月至1995年11月对住院的20例高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离患者的20只眼，采用后巩膜加固术治疗，有关临床资料进行回顾分析。 结果：眼轴可对比的14只眼，术前与出院时的均值为28.22mm与26.87mm，17只眼视网膜复位，获得0.02一0.2的矫正视力，3只眼失败，增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreous retinopathy，PVR)加重。 结论：后巩膜加固术可有效治疗无严重PVR的高度近视黄斑裂孔所致的视网膜脱离，不必采用视网膜粘连法以尽量保存残留的中心视力。 （中华眼底病杂志，1996，12：214-216）     

兔视网膜中蛋白激酶C的定位研究

目的：证实兔视网膜中有α、β和γ三种蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C，PKC)亚型的分布。方法；采用免疫组织化学技术，以抗PKC同功酶I(α)、Ⅱ(β)、Ⅲ(γ)单克隆抗体对兔视网膜进行PKC同功酶定位研究。 结果：兔视网膜中有PKC-α、PKC-β和PKC-γ的阳性免疫反应。PKC-α免疫反应主要呈现在内核层的双极细胞；PKC-β免疫反应主要呈现在神经节细胞层的神经节细胞；PKC-γ则在神经节细胞层、内网状层以及光感受器的外节呈弥漫性弱阳性染色。 结论：作为中枢神经系统的一部分，视网膜可以同时存在PKC-α、PKC-β和PKC-γ三种亚型。 （中华眼底病杂志，1996，12：242-244）     

病理性近视黄斑劈裂光相干断层扫描图像分型及其对临床的指导意义

病理性近视黄斑劈裂光相干断层扫描(OCT)的类组织学分型可以分为单纯外层劈裂、外层和中层劈裂、外层和内层劈裂、多层劈裂4种情况.以彻底清除玻璃体后皮质及后部血管弓内的内界膜为重点的玻璃体视网手术是治疗病理性近视黄斑劈裂的主要选择.其中,单纯外层劈裂合并中心凹脱离者,手术后视功能改善较明显;而多层劈裂者视功能改善有限或不改善.合理剥除后皮质与内界膜起始点,应在未发生内层劈裂处.正确认识和了解病理性近视黄斑劈裂的OCT分型.对于选择玻璃体视网膜手术方式和判断治疗预后有积极意义.     

前后段联合手术及硅油填充治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察前后段联合手术及硅油充填治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离临床疗效.方法 回顾分析前后段联合手术及硅油充填治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离患者48例48只眼的临床资料.患者均有高度近视史,视网膜脱离以后极部为主.裂隙灯前置镜和(或)光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查均发现黄斑裂孔.均行白内障超声乳化或抽吸联合玻璃体切割硅油充填,41例行内界膜(ILM)剥离,23例植入人工晶状体(10L).硅油取出的时间距第一次手术时间为3.5～48.0个月.取硅油前均行OCT检查.取硅油后随访观察均1年以上.结果 除5例外,其他患者手术后1周,前置镜检查均不能看到黄斑孔边缘;视力均有不同程度的提高.48例患者全部已取硅油.取硅油前OCT检查,黄斑孔愈合呈U型8例,V型为6例,W型为23例;未闭合11例.未闭合的11例经取硅油与膨胀气体充填后全部复位,其中,U型2例,W型9例.32例W型愈合者中2例患者在取油后13、38个月后出现视网膜脱离复发.最终黄斑裂孔U型和V型愈合者16例,占33.3%;W型愈合者32例,占66.7%.视网膜复位率为100.0%.结论前后段联合手术及硅油充填是治疗高度近视黄斑孔视网膜脱离的有效方法 ;OCT检查是确定黄斑孔是否封闭的客观标准.     

病理性近视黄斑裂孔患者黄斑区视网膜前膜的组织学观察

目的 观察病理性近视内界膜表面结构的组织学变化与黄斑裂孔发生发展的关系.方法 同顾分析行玻璃体切割手术的病理性近视黄斑裂孔患者34例34只眼的临床资料.患眼屈光度均超过-6.00 D,眼轴26.00～33.12 mm,平均眼轴长度27.74 mm.5只眼为黄斑裂孔无视网膜脱离(黄斑裂孔组),29只眼为黄斑裂孔合并后极部视网膜浅脱离(视网膜脱离组).对入选患眼行睫状体平坦部三切口的玻璃体切割手术,手术中观察Weiss环以判断玻璃体后脱离程度,获取34只眼的视网膜前膜及19只眼的内界膜组织标本,行苏木精-伊红(HE)及醋酸铀-枸橼酸铅双染色,采用光学及透射电子显微镜观察.结果 玻璃体切割手术中,5只眼出现Weiss环,24只眼的视网膜表面有多层玻璃体组织残留.光学显微镜观察发现,内界膜表面的视网膜前膜主要由玻璃体胶原纤维.星形胶质细胞及细胞外基质组成.透射电子显微镜观察发现,19只眼的内界膜标本中,5只眼可她内界膜一玻璃体胶原纤维-细胞的"三明治"样结构,1只眼可见内界膜损伤、表面组织牵引和星形胶质细胞移行.结论病理性近视玻璃体后界面劈裂、内界膜表面组织结构的变化是黄斑裂孔发生发展直至视网膜脱离的重要原因.     

视网膜内界膜剥离手术治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效观察

目的 观察视网膜内界膜剥离治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的疗效. 方法 回顾分析25例25只眼高度近视黄斑裂孔伴视网膜脱离患者的临床资料.根据治疗方法 分为2组,A组为单纯玻璃体切割手术,13例13只眼;B组为玻璃体切割手术加吲哚青绿染色内界膜剥离,12例12只眼.所有患者行惰性气体填充,手术后保持面朝下体位7～15 d.观察最佳矫正分辨角对数(LogMAR)视力,检查眼底,光相干断层扫描(OCT)、B型超声检查视网膜复位及黄斑裂孔闭合情况,比较两组间疗效差异.手术后随访6～18个月,平均随访时间10个月. 结果 A组13只眼中,7只眼手术后视网膜复位,占53.8%;B组12只眼中,11只眼手术后视网膜复位,占91.7%.B组视网膜复位率明显优于A组(X2=4.427,P=0.046);25只眼中,手术后黄斑裂孔闭合者17只眼,占68.0%.其中,A组13只眼中,6只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占A组患者的46.2%;B组12只眼中,11只眼黄斑裂孔闭合,占B组患者的91.7%.两组患者手术后黄斑裂孔闭合率比较,差异有统计学意义(X2=5.940,P=0.020).A组手术后最佳矫正LogMAR视力提高平均0.32,与手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.045,P=0.041),B组手术后最佳矫正LogMAR视力提高平均0.53,与手术前比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.481,P=0.012).两组间手术后视力差异无统计学意义(U=51.5,P=0.16). 结论玻璃体切割联合视网膜内界膜剥离手术可能通过完全解除玻璃体黄斑牵引、增加视网膜顺应性而提高高度近视黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的治疗效果.显著增加视网膜复位率及黄斑裂孔闭合率.     

高度近视黄斑部视网膜劈裂和非裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的 观察高度近视黄斑部视网膜劈裂(MRS)和非裂孔性视网膜脱离(MRDH)的临床表现和影像学特征.方法 高度近视患者186例349只眼中合并MRS和MRDH的19例24只眼纳入研究.所有患者均进行了主觉验光、双目间接检眼镜、裂隙灯显微镜联合Goldmann三面镜检查,以及眼底照相、A/B型超声和光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查.结果 349只眼中后极部存在MRS和(或)MRDH 24只眼,占6.9%.眼底检查结果 显示.所有患跟均有后巩膜葡萄肿(PS),占100.0%;玻璃体黄斑牵引条带(VMT)2只眼.占8.3%;黄斑部局限性视网膜浅脱离2只眼,占8.3%;黄斑全层裂孔1只眼,占4.2%.B型超声检查结果 显示,所有患眼均伴有PS,占100.0%;黄斑部局限性视网膜浅脱离7只眼,占29.2%,脱离的视网膜与PS锥顶形成弓样结构;VMT条带2只眼,占8.3%.OCT检查结果 显示,黄斑部外层视网膜劈裂(ORS)22只眼,占91.7%,其中合并黄斑部内层视网膜劈裂(IRS)8只眼,占黄斑部ORS的36.4%.MRDH 5只眼,占20.8%,其中合并ORS 3只眼,占MRDH的60.0%;单纯性MRDH 2只眼,占MRDH的40.0%,其中合并VMT 1只眼.VMT 13只眼,占54.2%;黄斑囊样水肿(CME)3只眼,占12.5%;黄斑板层裂孔4只眼,占16.7%.结论 MRS和MRDH是伴有PS的高度近视眼的常见并发症.与常规眼底检查和B型超声相比,OCT是发现MRS和MRDH的更为有效的检查手段.