佐替平对家兔齿状回兴奋性突触反应和长时程增强的影响

Objective To observe the impact of zotepine on the excitatory synaptic response and long term potentiation (LTP) of dentate gyrus neurons.Methods Male rabbits ( n = 20) weighting about 2.5 ～ 3.5 kg were divided into four groups randomly ( n = 5 ): control, zotepine 1.0, zotepine 2.0 and zotepine 5.0.To each rabbit,there were 60 results during 120 min.Population spike(PS) amplitude and excitory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) slope were used to be the indexes of the excitatory synaptic response of dentate gyrus neurons.The sequence was base response ( at the beginning), intraperitoneal injection of 0.5ml dimethylsulfoxide or 0.5ml zotepine-dimethylsulfoxide solution ( 1.0,2.0,5.0 mg/kg of zotepine dosage) ( after 30 min) and titanic stimulation (after 90 min).Results To 4 groups,the PS amplitude and EPSP slope after single stimuli were not significantly different from those before single stimuli.In control group, the PS amplitude and EPSP slope after titanic stimulation[(0.68 ± 0.052)mV and(0.633 ± 0.024 )mV/ms] were significantly different from those before injection[(0.266 ±0.008) mV and(0.246 ±0.010) mV/ms] (P＜0.05 ～0.01 ) ,and LTP were induced.LTP were not induced after titanic stimulation in group zotepine 1.0,2.0 and 5.0.After titanic stimulation, the PS amplitude and EPSP slope in group zotepine 5.0[(0.277 ±0.008)mV and(0.296 ±0.007) mV/ms] were significantly different from those in group control(P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Zotepine had little effect on the excitatory synaptic response of dentate gyrus neurons after single stimuli in perforant path, while it blocked the induction of LTP in perforant path-dentate gyrus pathway.     

Effects and wavelet spectral entropy analysis of rhubarb extracts rhein on synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal ca1 area in vitro

Background 5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (rhein) inhibits oxidoreduction induced by reducing nicotingamide adenine dinucleotide in the mitochondria and reducing reactive oxygen species, it also suppresses lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates. This study was to assess the effects of anthraquinone derivatives, rhein on synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell layer by intracellular recording.Methods The excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) evoked by stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals in the presence of bicuculline (15 μmol/L) was depressed by application of rhein (0.3－30 μmol/L). The amplitude of the EPSP was restored within 20 minutes after removal of rhein from the supernatant. At a concentration of 30 μmol/L, rhein reduced the amplitude of the EPSP to 42%±3.7% (n=24) of the control. Subsequently, wavelet spectral entropy was used to analyze the EPSP. Results A strong positive correlation was observed between the wavelet spectral entropy and other parameters such as amplitude, slope of rising phase and slope of descending phase of the EPSP. The paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) of the EPSP was significantly increased by rhein (30 μmol/L). The inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) recorded in the presence of CNQX (20 μmol/L) and APV (40 μmol/L) is not altered by rhein (30 μmol/L). Conclusions Rhein (30 μmol/L) can decrease the frequency but not the amplitude of the miniature EPSP (mEPSP). It is suggested that rhein inhibits excitatory synaptic transmission by decreasing the release of glutamate in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.     

Effect of tiaoxin recipe on long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices of rats

Objective

To investigate the effect of Tiaoxin Recipe (TXR) on long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices of rats.

Methods

Population spikes (PS) in CA1 area of rats hippocampal slices were evoked by extracellular microelectrode recording technique, and tetanic stimulation (100Hz, 100 pulses) was used to induce long-term potentiation (LTP).

Results

The successful rate of evoking LTP was about 60% under normal condition, the PS amplitude increased after stimulation, whereas PS latent period decreased obviously. Pre-incuba-tion of hippocampal slices with TXR (7. 45 mg/ml) showed little effect on either the shape or amplitude of PS, indicating it didn’t influence the basal synaptic transmission. However, after tetanus, the LTP induction rate and PS amplitude were significantly enhanced compard with the control.

Conclusion

TXR facilitates LTP induction rate and PS amplitude in rat hippocampal slices, which might be one of the mechanisms of TXR in improving learning and memory function of hippocampus.     

The Long-Lasting Effect of Neonatal Repeated Sevof lurane Anesthesia on the Synaptic Plasticity in the Rat Hippocampal CA1 Field

Objective:In the present study,from the functional perspective,the effect of neonatal repeated sevoflurane anesthesia on the synaptic plasticity at juvenile and adult age was observed in the SD rat model. Also,the related mechanism was probed in depth. Methods:1.Grouping and establishing models for repeated inhaled anesthesia:32 healthy P7 Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats,weight 15~19 g,female and male either,were assigned into experimental group(group Sev) and control group(group C)(n=16). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups:juvenile group(P37) and adult group(P97). During juvenile stage,group Sev inhaled 2.6% sevoflurane and carrier gas(1 L·min-1 Air+1 L·min-1 O2) for 2 h at day 7,14 and 21 repeatedly,while group C inhaled carrier gas merely in the same time points. 2. Electrophysiological experiment:On postnatal day 37(P37) and P97,8 rats were extracted from each groups respectively for electrophysiological recording in vivo.(1)The tip of recording electrode located in the pyramidal cell body layer of CA1,the bipolar stimulating electrode was inserted into the ipsilateral Schaffer collaterals.(2)A test stimulation with duration of 0.2 ms and intensity of 3~6 m A was given every 10 s to elicit the adequate wave shape. 50% of intensity to elicit maximum amplitude of population spike was regarded as intensity of basic stimulation. The response to basic stimulation was recorded for 30 min stably.(3) 5 min power spectrum analysis was implemented before basal stimulation,before HFS and after the whole recording to maintain the similar anesthetic level of each sample in the experiment.(4)After 30 min steady basal stimulus,paired stimulation with different interstimulus interval of 25,50,75,100,150,200 and 250 ms were implemented. High frequency stimulation(HFS) was performed and thereafter shifted into basal stimulation for subsequent 90 min recording.(5)The population spike amplitude(PSA),slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potential(f EPSP) and the response to paired stimulation with different interstimulus interval were recorded at several time points before and after HFS on both P37 and P97. The discrepancy of above-mentioned index between P37 and P97 were compared as well. Results:1. During neonatal anesthesia,rats in both groups breathed steadly,with ruddy lips,tail and skin and without cyanosis. All rats waked up spontaneously after anesthesia without death induced by anesthetic factors 2.5 min power spectrum analysis before basal stimulation,before HFS and after the whole recording indicated:there is no significant difference in the power spectrum of slow wave(0~1 Hz),δ(1~4 Hz),θ(4~8 Hz),α(8~12 Hz) and β(12~25 Hz) frequency band between group Sev and group C(P>0.05). 3.The effects of neonatal repeated sevoflurane anesthesia on LTP in the hippocampal CA1 fields of rats:(1)The variation of PSA before and after HFS(1)During juvenile stage(P37),PSA was increased to(247.58±25.45) %,(206.97±16.73)%,(195.78±11.86) % and(179.66±13.83) % at 5 min,30 min,60 min and 90 min after HFS in group C. The PSA increment of group Sev at each time point reduced remarkably as compared to group C(P<0.05),which were(215.64±28.31) %,(153.15±23.59) %,(146.71±22.87) % and(141.03±16.05) %.(2)During adulthood(P97), PSA was increased to(267.04±23.89)%,(209.42±21.55)%,(196.47±26.74)% and(180.60±21.48)% at 5 min,30 min,60 min and 90 min after HFS in group C,The PSA increment of group Sev at each time point reduced as well comparing with group C(P<0.05),which were(217.53±28.31)%,(167.38±16.88) %,(161.03±14.63)% and(156.50±12.75)%.(3)The discrepancy of PSA between group Sev and group C at P97 shrunk comparing with P37,but the variation had no statistical significance(P>0.05).(2)The changes of f EPSP slope(1)During juvenile stage(P37),f EPSP slope was increased to(238.18±23.11) %,(193.04±19.34) %,(165.56±16.82)% and(151.76±17.85) % at 5 min,30 min,60 min and 90 min after HFS in group C. The slope of group Sev at the same time points were(210.22±22.74) %,(169.27±26.65) %,(146.75±21.18) % and(139.51±14.03) %. Comparing at all time points,f EPSP slope of group Sev was lower than group C at 5 min,10 min,15 min,and 55 min after HFS(P<0.05),whereas there was no discrepancy at other time points.(2) During juvenile stage(P97),f EPSP slope was increased to(240.44±33.1) %,(194.76±24.04) %,(169.39±27.3) % and(160.65±19.30)%. The slope of group Sev at the same time points were(235.93±27.84) %,(195.52±25.89) %,(174.46±15.03) % and(149.59±15.38)%,there was no significant discrepancy at all time points between two groups(P>0.05). 4.The effects of neonatal repeated sevoflurane anesthesia on PPF in the rat hippocampal CA1 neurons.(1) In P37 rats of group Sev,PPF ratio induced by paired stimulation with interstimulus interval of 100 ms,150 ms,200 ms and 250 ms in group Sev was significantly increased as well(P<0.001). At P97 PPF ratio induced by paired stimulation with interstimulus interval of 150 ms,200 ms and 250 ms in group Sev was also significantly higher than group C(P<0.05).(2)As compared with P37,the discrepancy of PPF ratio in response to stimulation with interstimulus interval of 150 ms and 200 ms between two groups at 97 was significantly decreased(P<0.05). Conclusion:1. Neonatal repeated sevoflurane anesthesia can induce lesion to both longterm and short-term synaptic plasticity in the neurons of hippocampal CA1 region at juvenile and adult age. This alteration may be the functional mechanism underlying dysfunction of learning and memory induced by neonatal repeated sevoflurane anesthesia. 2. The mechanism underlying the lesion of synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampal neurons induced by neonatal repeated sevoflurane anesthesia may be related to the effects on presynaptic neurotransmitters release and postsynaptic neuronal population response. 3. The long-term lesion on synaptic plasticity induced by neonatal repeated sevoflurane anesthesia was most obvious at juvenile stage with trend of alleviation during adulthood.     

Effect of propentofylline on hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage in newborn rat

Background Studies showed that propentofylline enhances the action of adenosine and protects hippocampal neuronal demage against transient global cerebral ischaemia. Our study was to investigate the effect of propentofylline on hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage in neonatal rat.Methods Seven-day-old Wistar rats were subjected to unilateral common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia in oxygen 8 kPa for two hours at 37℃. Propentofylline (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally one hour after hypoxia-ischaemia (treated group). Control group rats were received an equivalent volume of saline. The effects of propentofylline were assessed by observing the body mass gain, behavioural alteration and neurohistological changes. The rats were sacrificed at 72 hours after hypoxia-ischaemia, and the brain sections were examined after haematoxylin and eosin staining.Results The propentofylline-treated rats had better body mass gain and better behavioural response than the paired saline-controls did. In the control group, the rats either lost body mass or had little mass gain after the insult, their average body mass gain was 97.3% at 24 h, 100.3% at 48 h, and 114.1% at 72 h of recovery. In propentofylline-treated group, there was a significant improvement of body mass gain at 24 h (100.2%, P&lt;0.05) and 48 h (110.3%, P&lt;0.01) of recovery; the percentage of rats that performed well on behavioural test was significantly higher from 48 h to 72 h of recovery (P&lt;0.05); the incidence of severe brain damage to the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus was significantly reduced in propentofylline-treated rats (cortex, 93%-70.8%, P&lt;0.01; dentate gyrus 95%-66.7%, P&lt;0.01) as compared with control rats. Conclusions Administration of propentofylline 1 hour after hypoxia-ischaemia significantly attenuates brain damage in both the cerebral cortex and dentate gyrus, and also improves the body mass gain as well as behavioural disturbance in 7-day-old rats.     

Electrical stimulation of deep peroneal nerve mimicking acupuncture inhibits the pressor response via capsaicin-insensitive afferents in anesthetized rats

Objective:To assess the inhibitory modulation of blood pressure by stimulation of the deep peroneal nerve(DPN) and to determine the involvement of nociceptive fibers in the modulation.Methods:All the animals were divided into six groups(A-F).The rats in groups A and B received no pretreatment.The rats in groups C and D received subcutaneous injection of capsaicin or control vehicle,respectively,near the DPN for 2 days.Those in groups E and F had the DPN exposed to capsaicin or control vehicle,respectively,for 20 min.Subsequently,pressor responses were induced by stimulation of paraventricular nucleus(PVN) either electrically(groups A and C-F) or chemically via injection of glutamate(group B).After two stable pressor responses(baseline),all groups were subject to 5-min DPN stimulation followed by PVN stimulation for 10 s. Arterial blood pressure,heart rate,and electrocardiogram were recorded.The pressor response was calculated as the difference in the mean arterial pressure(MAP) before and after PVN stimulation,and changes from baseline in pressor response after DPN stimulation were compared between the groups.Results:Increases of MAP of 22.88±2.18 mm Hg and 20.32±5.25 mm Hg were induced by electrical(group A) or chemical(group B) stimulation of the PVN,respectively.These pressor responses were inhibited by stimulation of the DPN,and the MAP was reduced to 12.00±2.10 mm Hg in group A(n=6,P<0.01) and 7.00±2.85 mm Hg in group B(n=6,P<0.01). Subcutaneous injection of capsaicin(125 mg/kg) near the DPN in group C(n=7) had no effect on the inhibitory effect of DPN stimulation compared with the group D(n=9),and neither did blockade of nociceptive fibers with capsaicin in group E(n=6) compared with group F(n=8).Conclusion:Stimulation of the DPN mimicking acupuncture has an inhibitory effect on the pressor response,and the effect is mediated by capsaicin-insensitive afferent fibers in the DPN.     

EXCITATORY CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SPINAL MOTONEURONS IN THE ADULT RAT

Objectives. Dendro-dendritic and dendro-somatic projections are common between spinal motoneurons. We attempted to clarify whether there are functional connections through these projections. Methods. Motoneurons were antidromically stimulated by the muscle nerve and recorded intracellularly to examine the direct interaction between them, after the related dorsal roots had been cut. Results. Excitatory connections, demonstrated by depolarizing potentials in response to muscle nerve stimulation,were found between motoneurons innervating the same muscle or synergistic muscles, but never between motoneurons in-nervating antagonistic muscles. These potentials were finely graded in response to a series of increasing stimuli and resistant to high frequency (50Hz) stimulation. Conclusions. These results indicate that excitatory connections, with certain specificity of spatial and temporal distribu-tion, occur in the spinal motoneurons. It is also suggested that electrical coupling should be involved in these connections and this mechanism should improve the excitability of the motoneurons in the same column.     

Effect of ketogenic diet on hippocampus mossy fiber sprouting and GluR_5 expression in kainic acid induced rat model

Ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, low protein, low carbohydrate diet. Its antiepileptic effect iscertain but the underlying mechanism is unknown.1 Mossy fiber sprouting in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus causes the synaptic reorganization in the hippocampus, which is an important cause of temporal lobe epilepsy in animals and humans.1,2 It is also essential to the genesis and development of epilepsy. As the predominant excitatory neurotrans- mitter in the central nervous syste…     

Effect of ketogenic diet on hippocampus mossy fiber sprouting and GluR5 expression in kainic acid induced rat model

Ketogenic diet （KD） is a high fat, low protein, low carbohydrate diet. Its antiepileptic effect is certain but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Mossy fiber sprouting in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus causes the synaptic reorganization in the hippocampus, which is an important cause of temporal lobe epilepsy in animals and humans. It is also essential to the genesis and development of epilepsy. As the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, glutamate plays a role in synaptic reorganization and development of epilepsy.     

Somatosensory disinhibition in patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia

Background  Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is characterized by recurrent brief episodes of chorea and dystonia induced by sudden movement. Whether the central nervous system is hyper- or hypoexcitable in PKD remains undetermined. The aim of our study was to compare the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recovery cycle, a marker of somatosensory system excitability, in PKD patients and controls.

Methods  Twenty-four PKD patients (mean age of (20.0±5.3) years; 21 males, 3 females) and 18 control age-matched subjects (mean age of (22.0±5.0) years; 17 males, 1 female) were studied. The stimuli were delivered to the median nerve in the affected dominant arm in patients and in the dominant arm in controls. The change in SEP amplitude was measured after paired electrical stimulation at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 5, 20, and 40 ms. The SEPs evoked by S2 (test stimulus) were calculated by subtracting the response to S1 (the conditioning stimulus) from the response to a pair of stimuli (S1 + S2), and their amplitudes were compared with those of the control response (S1) at each ISI. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or equivalent was used for non-parametric data.

Results  In patients, the P27 amplitude after the single stimulus (S1) was significantly larger than that after the control stimulus. The (S2/S1)×100 ratio for P14 and N30 SEPs did not differ significantly between PKD patients and normal subjects at ISI of 5 ms but were significantly higher in patients at ISIs of 20 and 40 ms (P <0.05).

Conclusions  Somatosensory system disinhibition takes place in PKD. The finding of reduced suppression of different SEPs, each thought to have a different origin, suggests an abnormality of intracortical and subcortical inhibitory circuits.

     

拓展利用病案资源 突出病案服务功能

从病案信息利用的范围及病案信息利用的管理两大方面阐述了病案在信息时代所处的地位及其利用价值,同时就拓展病案利用价值提出了一些建议。     

服务创新是提升病案质量的保证

病案服务创新是病案工作持续发展的根本动力。病案服务创新要做到服务观念创新,服务内容创新,服务方式创新,服务机制创新。服务创新,由被动服务向主动服务转变,由单一服务向全面服务转变,由一般服务向深层次服务转变,从而更好地为医院各项建设服务。     

病案信息管理发展趋势

目的探索病案信息管理未来发展方向。方法将病案信息管理过程中所涉及的问题进行分析。结果病案信息管理在医疗、教学、科研、医院管理、医疗保险、法律等起着举足轻重的作用。结论病案信息管理发生显著的变化,向数字化、高智能化的电子病案方向发展。     

强迫症的亚型探讨与疗效比较

目的：探讨认知行为心理治疗（CBT）在强迫症（OCD）患者各亚型治疗中的有效性和规律性。方法：本研究为临床对照研究。符合入组标准的强迫症患者按患者自愿原则分为两组,治疗观察3、6个月。疗效评定分别运用Yale-Brown强迫量表,自拟的自评好转程度量表和临床疗效评定。结果：认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗组31例,临床有效率70.9%,其中治愈率1.8%。单纯药物治疗组24例,临床有效率33.3%。Yale-Brown强迫量表在6个月两组有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。其中强迫症亚型（怕脏型、反复检查型和反复担心型）的疗效比较,怕脏型在治疗3个月末两组间自评量表评分有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;反复担心型在治疗6个月末两组间Yale-Brown强迫量表总分有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;反复检查型两组间无统计学差异。结论：认知行为心理治疗合并药物治疗强迫症的疗效明显优于单纯药物治疗。强迫症的亚型在治疗中的有效性次序为：反复担心型〉怕脏型〉反复检查型。     

罗格列酮在多囊卵巢综合征促排卵周期中的疗效探讨

目的:探讨罗格列酮(Rosiglitazone)对有胰岛素抵抗的多囊卵巢患者促排卵治疗的影响.方法:133例临床上有PCOS(多囊卵巢综合征)表现的不孕患者通过OGTT(口服葡萄糖耐量实验)、胰岛素及C肽释放实验,检出胰岛素抵抗(IR)患者81例.将81例病人随机分为A、B、C三组,分别给予促排卵药、罗格列酮、罗格列酮与促排卵药合用,共治疗2个月经周期,比较三组用药前后及用药后三组间的Homa IR(胰岛素抵抗指数)、FFA(游离脂肪酸)、TNFα(肿瘤坏死因子)和排卵率的变化.结果:用罗格列酮治疗前后患者的Homa IR指数、血清FFA和TNFα明显下降(P＜0.05).罗格列酮与促排卵药合用排卵率明显优于单用促排卵药(P＜0.05)和单用罗格列酮(P＜0.005).结论:罗格列酮能有效地改善胰岛素抵抗,提高促排卵成功率.     

谈文学审美过程对医务人员自身素质的影响

文学是为满足人的审美需求而产生、存在和发展的。文学以其对美的寻求、揭示、建构和表现,丰富着人们的精神世界,彰显着自身存在的价值。正如席勒所说：＂审美是人性的完成＂。文学和医学是两种互补的认识方式,文学可以说是医学的原动力。文学审美过程是促使医务人员自我完善的过程,可以提高医务人员的综合素质;促进医务人员的医患伦理建构。     

探索病案质检工作的新模式

目的通过探讨病案质检工作的新思路、新方法,以达到提高病案质量,从而提高医疗质量的目的。方法运用现代医院管理的理论知识,结合病案质检的实际将理论知识融于实践之中。结果改进了病案质检的工作模式,由单一质检转变为多元化工作模式。结论环节病历质量、终末病历质量都得到了很大提高,同时强化了临床的质量意识和自我保护意识。     

常见脉象寸口部光电血管容积图的参数分析

为了研究不同脉象与血管容积图的关系,应用“BC－4型”定量式光电血管容积仪对432例受检者（包括正常脉象和10种常见病脉）进行寸口脉光电血管容积图检测,同步进行血流动力学参数分析。结果表明,与正常脉象比较,种种病脉在寸口脉血管容积图上均显示出各种脉象的参数特征,而血流动力学指标的变化反映了不同脉象形成的心血管病理生理特点。提示寸口部光电血管容积图参数为各类病理脉象的临床诊断提供了客观化依据。     

参加死亡病例讨论对死亡病案质控的意义

目的提高死亡病案质量、医疗质量和医护人员的法律意识。方法质量控制等有关人员参加死亡病例讨论,找出问题缺陷、总结经验、吸取教训。结果发现病案首页项目填写错误或漏填较普遍,病历不能及时完成,讨论流于形式,医师自我保护意识差。结论质控人员参加死亡讨论,有利于医护合作、医药配合、科室协作、提高病历质量及医疗质量。     

对七情病因概念的形成分析

七情作为病因概念,首见南宋·陈无择<三因方>.一般对这一概念来源的讨论,多仅追溯到<黄帝内经>中有关情志致病的论述,而对于七情病因概念中可能存在的"非<内经>"内容,讨论甚少.通过分析<三因方>中与 "七情"有关的论述,笔者认为,陈无择的七情病因概念,由<素问·举痛论>"九气"、<诸病源候论>"七气"、<礼记>"七情"以及宋明理学心性论等多种元素构成.探讨这一问题,对于认识中医学概念的建构规律,正确理解和改造现代中医学七情概念有重大意义.