Medpor薄片替代睑板植入 修复眼睑缺损观察

目的 观察人工合成材料Medpor薄片替代睑板植入,在修复眼睑缺损中的应用效果.方法 采用美国产9546型Medpor薄片替代睑板联合滑行结膜瓣和带蒂皮瓣移植修复眼睑缺损,共10例患者(10只眼),随访6个月至5年.结果 术后眼睑形态及功能,无收缩性上睑内卷、睑内外翻、倒睫等合并症.植人物无吸收、移位、排斥,1例植人物暴露感染取出.结论 Medpor薄片具有良好的组织相容性及形态稳定性,易于修剪和塑形,是一种理想的睑板替代物.     

Medpor下睑插片修复中重度下睑缺损的疗效观察

目的：观察下睑恶性肿瘤切除术后采用Medpor下睑插片植入在修复中重度下睑缺损中的效果。

方法：选取下睑恶性肿瘤切除术后患者19例19眼,采用Medpor下睑插片植入替代睑板联合滑行结膜瓣和带蒂皮瓣移植,修复下睑全层缺损行眼睑再造术。

结果：眼睑外观修复及功能恢复满意,对眼球无刺激,对视功能无影响,术后随访6～36mo,植入物无吸收、移位、排斥及感染,肿瘤无复发。

结论：Medpor下睑插片替代睑板植入修复中重度下睑缺损简便易行,术后并发症少,是一种理想的睑板替代物。     

游离鼻中隔粘膜软骨植片在上睑重建中的应用

目的 探讨游离鼻中隔粘膜软骨植片在眼睑缺损重建修复中的效果。方法 采用自体鼻中隔单侧粘膜及软骨游离植片对13例上眼睑肿瘤切除及2例陈旧性外伤上睑全层缺损重建修复,替代缺损的睑板及睑结膜。结果 15例全部成活,眼睑外观良好,眼睑形态及运动功能恢复正常,无干涩及异物感,无睑内外翻、畸形等并发症发生。结论 利用自体鼻中隔粘膜软骨游离植片作睑板及睑结膜修复材料,具有取材方便、效果好的特点,是一种较为理想的方法。     

异体巩膜联合生物羊膜移植修复眼睑全层大缺损临床观察

目的 探讨异体巩膜联合生物羊膜移植替代睑板修复眼睑全层大缺损的远期效果.方法 对39例因肿瘤切除术或外伤造成的眼睑全层大缺损(超过睑长四分之一时)患者行异体巩膜联合羊膜移植替代睑板的眼睑重建术,并随访观察半年至5年.结果 39例患者经眼睑重建术后,植片生长良好,功能正常,对眼球无刺激,对视功能无影响,肿瘤未见复发.结论 异体巩膜联合生物羊膜移植替代睑板修复眼睑全层大缺损远期疗效确切,术后眼睑形态、功能恢复良好,不影响视功能,是一种较为理想的手术方式.     

自体眶骨膜替代睑板植入修复外眦部眼睑缺损

目的观察自体眶骨膜修复眼外眦部眼睑缺损的临床效果。方法采用自体眶骨膜替代睑板联合滑行结膜瓣和眶周旋转滑行皮瓣修复外眦部眼睑缺损。共6例（6只眼）,术后随访6个月至3年。结果术后眼睑形态及功能满意,无收缩性上睑内卷,睑内外翻,植入骨膜瓣无吸收、移位及感染。结论自体眶骨膜替代睑板植入修复外眦部眼睑缺损简便易行,术后并发症少。自体眶骨膜是理想的睑板替代物。     

硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周表浅肌肉腱膜系统皮瓣重建全层眼睑缺损

目的:探讨利用自体游离硬腭黏膜植片替代后睑组织联合眶周表浅肌肉腱膜系统(SMAS)皮瓣转移修复缺损的前层眼睑皮肤,重建因肿瘤术后或外伤所致的全层眼睑缺损的临床疗效。方法:对16例≥眼睑全长1/2中重度全层眼睑缺损患者,全部用口腔硬腭黏膜植片替代睑板和结膜,再造后层眼睑;用眶周血供丰富的表浅肌肉腱膜系统(SMAS)皮瓣转移覆盖于硬腭黏膜上,替代缺损的眼睑皮肤肌肉层再造前层眼睑,其中10例采用眼轮匝肌单蒂皮瓣,3例为颞浅动脉皮瓣,2例为上睑皮肤轮匝肌双蒂皮瓣,1例为眉上皮瓣。手术操作中首先行硬腭黏膜移植,然后根据眼睑前层缺损的部位和范围设计眶周的SMAS转移皮瓣,手术完毕行睑缘缝合3～6mo后切开。结果:全部患者随访>12mo,硬腭黏膜植片及其转移皮瓣全部成活,无移位、感染和坏死等不良反应,无收缩,眼睑外观及功能改善满意。结论:硬腭黏膜联合SMAS皮瓣转移修复重建眼睑全层缺损,可以一次性修复眼睑缺损的皮肤、睑板、结膜,疗效肯定,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植修复眼睑缺损的临床观察

目的 评价深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植修复,因眼睑肿物切除造成的眼睑缺损的临床效果.方法 采用深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植眼睑再造术修复眼睑缺损21例(21只眼).结果 术后随访3～80月,平均46.9月.本组病例共治愈10只眼,好转11只眼,1例(1只眼)因首次手术时切缘未净再次行扩大切除时未更换移植片导致植片脱落.结论 深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植修复眼睑缺损,简便易行,保存方便,术后并发症少,临床效果满意.异体睑板睑结膜是理想的眼睑缺损修复的材料.     

自体游离硬腭粘膜移植修复眼睑缺损

目的探索自体硬腭粘膜修补眼睑缺损的效果。方法动物实验：３只狗的１２只眼睑，自体硬腭粘膜修补人为眼睑缺损。观察２２周，眼睑外形修复。病理检查上皮形态、厚度恢复，结缔组织内细胞及毛细血管数量呈正常水平，胶原纤维束排列整齐。临床研究：收治１３例（１５只睑）眼睑缺损患者，其中上睑３例，下睑８例，上、下睑２例。肿瘤导致缺损５例，外伤造成缺损８例。完全缺损６只睑，２／３缺损４只睑，１／２～１／３缺损５只睑。年龄２２～７９岁。采用脂肪区中厚硬腭粘膜植片修补眼睑缺损。结果术后观察平均１１．３个月。治愈８只睑，显效３只睑，改善４只睑。无严重并发症发生。结论自体硬腭粘膜移植不仅能替代睑板起支架作用，同时可修补睑结膜缺损。     

眼睑恶性肿瘤35例手术治疗与临床体会

目的:体会眼睑恶性肿瘤行Mohs法切除及即期修复的手术效果。方法:对35例35眼眼睑恶性肿瘤行Mohs法切除后根据眼睑缺损范围及部位采用不同方法即期行眼睑成形或再造手术治疗。结果:35例术后眼睑完整,形态及功能基本恢复正常,随访10mo～2.5a,有2例复发。结论:眼睑恶性肿瘤行Mohs法切除后造成眼睑缺损,通过成形或再造行眼睑重建,效果满意,睑板结膜瓣或硬腭黏膜瓣是替代睑板行眼睑再造的适用材料。     

眼睑恶性肿瘤95例诊治分析

目的 回顾性分析眼睑恶性肿瘤的临床、病理学分类以及行Mohs法切除后进行眼睑缺损修复的方法及效果.方法 对近10年来收治的95例(95只眼)眼睑恶性肿瘤进行回顾性分析,其中上睑54例,下睑41例,其中男性46人,女性49人,平均年龄(61.2±16.8)岁(47岁～87岁).所有患者行Mohs法切除后,根据眼睑缺损范围和部位采用不同方法进行眼睑成形或再造.其中66例患者眼睑后层缺损达全长30％～50％,行外眦切开直接缝合;19例患者眼睑后层缺损超过全长50％,分别采用睑板结膜瓣滑行修复、异体巩膜移植修复.采用皮瓣或游离皮片修复眼睑前层缺损;9例患者为眼睑前层缺损,行邻近带蒂皮瓣或游离皮片修补;1例患者眼睑缺损较大仅行带蒂皮瓣转移修复,二期行眼睑再造.结果 95例患者的病理诊断分别为基底细胞癌43例、睑板腺癌30例、鳞状上皮细胞癌16例、恶性黑色素瘤6例.94例患者手术后眼睑完整,形态及功能基本恢复正常;有1例基底细胞癌患者因肿瘤侵及范围较大,术后眼睑畸形明显,6个月后行二期眼睑再造,回复了眼睑基本功能,效果较为满意.所有患者随访10～30个月,有2例患者肿瘤局部复发,无全身转移,经再次手术后均未再复发.结论 眼睑恶性肿瘤多发生于中老年人,其中以基底细胞癌最常见,其次为睑板腺癌和鳞状上皮细胞癌.治疗方法多采取Mohs法切除肿瘤后联合Ⅰ期眼睑缺损修复,达到眼睑形态和功能的恢复.     

外伤性眶壁骨折伴上睑下垂矫治方法的改进--一期行高密度聚乙烯充填和额肌瓣悬吊术

目的 评价高密度聚乙烯(Medpor)作为填充物同期行额肌瓣悬吊术在治疗晚期眶壁骨折伴外伤性上睑下垂中的作用。方法 对眼眶壁骨折伴上睑下垂进行整复，术中使用Medpor人工材料充填修复眶壁缺损，以矫治眼球内陷和移位；同期行额肌瓣与上睑提肌远端吻合治疗外伤性上睑下垂。结果 1998年1月～2002年12月施行此手术7例，随访3～24月(平均9．8月)，显示整形后的眼眶眼睑外形良好，无感染、排异；其中7例原眼球内陷、下移均获得改善，7例睑裂宽度与健眼对称，3例复视消失，4例复视明显的改善。结论 Medpor是一种良好的眼眶骨缺损填充替代骨移植的人工材料，同期行额肌瓣与上睑提肌远端吻合治疗复杂眼眶骨折伴上睑下垂疗效确切。     

高密度多孔聚乙烯种植体修复眼眶下壁骨折

目的探讨高密度多孔聚乙烯种植体（Medpor）修复眶下壁骨折效果。方法做睫毛下切口,充分暴露眼眶骨折部位、松解嵌顿的眶内容物,骨膜下填充Medpor修复眶下壁骨折。观察术后复视、眼球运动、眼球内陷等症状改善情况及植入物有无脱出及感染。结果随访期内未出现Medpor脱出或排斥现象。全部21例（21只眼）术后均无明显的眼球内陷,19眼复视消失,2眼复视明显改善。结论Medpor填充是眶下壁骨折有效治疗方法。     

Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the upper eyelid structures in normal eyelids

PURPOSE: To evaluate the normal upper eyelid structures quantitatively and qualitatively using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). METHODS: Sixteen upper eyelids of 16 healthy subjects with no eyelid problems were evaluated with UBM. The orbicularis oculi muscle, levator aponeurosis, Müller muscle-conjunctival complex, and tarsus were imaged centrally just above the tarsus, and the tarsus was imaged just above the eyelid margin. The thickness of these structures was measured primary gaze. The measurements of levator aponeurosis and Müller muscle-conjunctival complex were repeated in upgaze. RESULTS: Of 16 patients, 8 were men and 8 were women. Eight were more than 40 years old and eight were younger. Orbicularis oculi muscle and Müller muscle-conjunctival complex were echo-dense, while levator aponeurosis and tarsus were echo-lucent. The mean thickness was 0.74 +/- 0.11 mm for orbicularis oculi muscle, 0.44 +/- 0.67 mm for levator aponeurosis, 0.91 +/- 0.15 mm for tarsus, and 0.38 +/- 0.64 mm for Müller muscle-conjunctival complex. There was no significant difference in the thickness of these structures between the patients younger than 40 years old and older patients, or between male and female patients (p > 0.05). In upgaze, the increases in thickness of levator aponeurosis and Müller muscle-conjunctival complex were a mean of 53% and 32%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: UBM is an easy, non-invasive test used to visualize normal eyelid structures. It can be used in the diagnosis and follow-up of eyelid problems. The normal upper eyelid structures showed no significant differences based on age or gender.     

伴有眼眶骨折的羟基磷灰石义眼座植入

目的 探讨伴眼眶骨折的羟基磷灰石眼座植入的方法。方法 对63例眼眶骨折的患者在植入羟基磷灰石眼座时根据CT及术中情况，对其中34例同时行眼眶骨折整复并垫Medpor或羟基磷灰石骨板，29例单纯眼座植入。结果 随访1～36个月，平均17．6月，无继发感染和植入物排出现象。3例单纯眼座植入及1例同时手术处理骨折者出现上睑轻度凹陷，其余病例放置义眼片后外观满意。结论 对外伤引起眼球破裂者，尤其是钝性外伤，应检查CT以确定有无骨折，再根据CT及术中情况决定是否处理骨折。     

异体巩膜移植治疗眼睑恶性肿瘤术后睑板缺损的临床观察

目的：探讨异体巩膜移植在眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后睑板缺损重建手术中的临床效果。

方法：对24例24眼眼睑恶性肿瘤术后睑板缺损长度大于1/2睑板的患者实施眼睑重建, 利用异体巩膜替代睑板,异体巩膜材料取自眼库。

结果：术后3～12mo随访,眼睑重建术后形态良好,未出现明显的异体巩膜溶解或排斥反应; 巩膜脉络膜面均被结膜细胞移行覆盖,异体巩膜与皮肤粘连紧密,缺损区修复完整。4眼出现睑缘轻、中度内翻后行眼睑内翻矫正。2眼出现不同程度睑球粘连,行睑球粘连分离手术。

结论：异体巩膜具有材质稳定性好、组织相容性佳、取材保存方便、手术操作简单易行等优点。术后眼睑功能良好、外观满意,是理想的睑板替代材料。     

The diagnosis of chronic simple conjunctivitis. Vital staining of tarsus with tetrazolium - alcian blue mixture.

Vital staining with a tetrazolium - alcian blue mixture gave a characteristic punctate red staining of the superior or the inferior tarsus in 69% of all examined patients with chronic simple conjuctivitis (69 patients subjected to 168 examinations). The superior tarsus was more frequently stained than the inferior (61% against 33%). The staining was most often concentrated centrally or in the middle anterior part of the superior tarsus. If located on the inferior tarsus, it was most often found medially, anteriorly. No corresponding staining was seen in normal eyes. The differential diagnosis involving keratoconjunctivitis sicca and pemphigoid is mentioned. The staining is due to enzymatic reduction of tetrazolium in the cytoplasm of the tarsal epithelial cells. The positive vital staining finding is consistent with a diagnosis of chronic simple conjunctivitis.     

Vertical tarsal buckling as a complication of levator aponeurosis repair for acquired blepharoptosis

In two patients (a 60-year-old man and a 69-year-old woman) vertical buckling of the superior tarsus followed surgery to correct levator aponeurosis disinsertions for the management of acquired upper eyelid blepharoptosis. The superior tarsus rotated posteriorly and folded on itself because the sutures reattaching the levator aponeurosis to the tarsus were placed too low on the anterior tarsal plate. This complication can be prevented by placing the tarsal sutures above the vertical midpoint of the tarsus. If this complication develops, early correction is possible by revising the suture heights and keeping the tarsus flat with a symblepharon ring. This led to a satisfactory outcome in one of our cases. Late correction of vertical tarsal buckling requires excision of the buckled tarsus and repositioning the levator aponeurosis sutures. In one of our patients, an entropion developed as a result of insufficient vertical tarsal height that caused instability of the upper eyelid. The outcome was otherwise satisfactory.     

The use of homologous tarsus as a donor graft in lid surgery

Several materials have been used to extend the posterior lamella of the eyelids in cases of retraction due to thyroid disease, cicatrix, or loss of tissue. Substances previously used have been autogenous tarsus, mucous membrane, ear or nasal cartilage, and donor sclera or just space. I present the use of homologous bank tarsus, its advantages, limitations, and methods of handling.