韦氏记忆量表中国修订本在儿童中的应用

韦氏记忆量表系列是临床心理评估中被广泛应用的评估工具之一.本文试图对近年来韦氏记忆量表中国修订本在国内儿童中的应用情况进行简单总结.发现WMS-RC在儿童中主要应用于临床诊断和疗效评估等,对正常儿童的相关研究较少;ADHD和学习障碍儿童总的记忆功能受到损害,主要表现在短时记忆和长时记忆方面,而TS儿童总的记忆功能处于正常偏低水平,但是短时记忆受损;在临床上,WMS-RC与韦氏智力量表、瑞文测验、WCST、数字划消、Stroop测验联合应用较多.     

健康少年记忆规律研究

本文应用龚耀先等修订的韦氏记忆量表，在广州市区及乡镇中小学抽样测查１１－１６岁的健康少年，显示记忆能力大致相同，记忆商数为８９－１１２，但存在城乡差异，年龄越小差异越显著。     

精神分裂症患者利培酮治疗前后认知功能的研究

目的研究精神分裂症患者利培酮治疗前后认知功能是否有所改善.方法研究对象符合CCMD-3精神分裂症诊断标准,病程≤2年,首发住院,实际完成研究50例.采用中国修订的韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS-RC）,韦氏成人记忆量表（WMS-RC）,于治疗开始时和第8周末分别进行两次评定.利培酮的每日剂量为2～8mg.结果大多数分测验项目和言语智商、操作智商、智商总分、记忆商数,在治疗前后都有显著性差异.结论利培酮对精神分裂症患者的认知功能障碍有改善作用.     

临床记忆评估的现状及发展趋势

记忆评估是临床心理评估的重要内容。近 2 0多年来 ,由于认知心理学、神经心理学以及认知神经科学 (ｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｖｅｎｅｕｒｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ)的迅速发展 ,关于人类记忆的神经和认知过程的了解有了实质性的进展。记忆评估从理论到技术均相应地发生了深刻的变化。临床记忆评估的目的、内容及作用均较以往有了明显的不同之处。本文试图对目前较重要的一些临床记忆评估方法作一评论性总结 ,并就记忆评估中若干已经显露或可以预见的未来趋势作些评论。一、成套记忆量表1 韦氏记忆量表系列韦氏记忆量表系列包括编制于 1 945年的初版 (ＷＭＳ…     

简易老年记忆测验的信效度分析

目的：对简易老年记忆测验的信度和效度进行检验。方法：采用分半相关法，复本法以及效标关联效度的同时效度和预测效度进行检验。结果：①信度检验：内部结构检验的分半相关系数较高（P〈0．001）。交叉重复测试显示两套测验基本等同（P〈0．001），再现性、稳定性良好；②效度检验：简易老年记忆测验与韦氏记忆测验量表有较高的相关性（P〈0．01）。18F-FDG脑代谢显像与简易老年记忆测验结果呈正相关关系（P〈0.05—0．01）． 结论：简易老年记忆测验的内部结构的稳定性，两套平行测验的一致性以及效标关联效度的有效性均基本符合设计的构思和要求。     

慢性疼痛、抑郁症患者的自传体记忆对照研究

目的:探讨慢性疼痛、抑郁症患者自传体记忆的特征及其与情绪的关系。方法:应用自传体记忆测验(AMT)、目测类比疼痛定级法(VAS)、汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表(HAMD)、贝克抑郁量表(BDI)和贝克焦虑量表(BAI)对正常人、慢性疼痛患者、抑郁症患者各40人的自传体记忆、情绪和疼痛进行了评估。结果:①正常组的具体性记忆明显多于临床组(P0.05),慢性疼痛组的具体性记忆明显多于抑郁组(P0.05);②正常组的过度概括化记忆明显少于临床组(P0.05),而两个临床组间无显著差异(P0.05);③正常组和疼痛组的反应时快于抑郁组(P0.05);④BDI总分与AMT的具体性记忆存在显著负相关(P0.01),与无相关记忆/缺失、反应时存在显著正相关(P0.01)。结论:慢性疼痛患者和抑郁症患者的自传体记忆都存在过度概括化特征,提示慢性疼痛、抑郁可能通过相同的神经心理机制影响自传体记忆信息加工。     

脑立体定向手术戒毒对近期神经心理功能的影响

目的：了解脑立体定向手术戒毒对病人智力、记忆等脑功能的影响。方法：采用韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS）、韦氏记忆测验（WMS）、HR—B神经心理成套测验（HR—B）于术前、术后对病人进行检查。结果：①WAIS：知识、相识性、图画填充等分测验以及语言智商、操作智商、总智商术后均有所提高，其中知识、图画填充及总智商有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。②WMS：倒数数字、图片回忆、联想学习、背数等分测验较手术前下降（P〈0．01），触摸测验及记忆商数（MQ）也有下降（P〈0．05）。术后5-6个月对其中19例患者的WMS测验成绩追踪，各分测验成绩及MQ均有改善，尤以数数和记忆商数改善明显（P〈0．01）。③HR—B：脑损伤指数（DQ）手术前后未见明显变化，仅分测验连线A、连线B成绩术后有降低（P〈0．01）．而利手敲击成绩较术前有提高（P〈0．01）。结论：于术戒毒未造成患者智力明显下降及脑功能障碍．近期记忆下降可在4～5个月内恢复。     

高原缺氧与智力和记忆功能研究

本文采用ＷＡＩＳ－ＲＣ及韦氏记忆量表甲式，分别对２４名男性青年于上高原前居住海拔５３８０米（ｍ）１年时及返回平原８个月时进行了智力与记忆功能的现场测验。结果提示，高原长期严重缺氧对人的操作智力功能及记图、再生、联想、理解、背数、记忆商数影响较大，返回平原８个月，上述脑功能损害基本恢复到上高原前的水平。     

新编多维记忆评估量表的理论构思

根据多重记忆系统理论，借鉴国内外最新记忆成套量表的成果，编制了一个多维记忆评估量表（MMAS）。该量表包括三个维度，17个分测验，其中基本测验12个，备选测验5个。对新编MMAS的结构、分测验和条目选择、测验结果量化等问题作了讨论，提出了一些设想。     

颅脑创伤患者记忆研究

本文对１５５例颅脑创伤患者和４０例正常人，分别采用《韦氏记忆量表》进行测试，以前瞻性研究方式进行对照分析。结果表明，创伤患者各项记忆成绩及智商均低于对照组。以多灶性创伤，顶叶创伤患者记忆障碍明显，枕叶创伤对记忆影响较少。颅脑创伤的范围大小，昏迷时间与记忆障碍并不成正比。提示颅脑创伤部位与记忆功能关系密切。     

Memory evaluation of alcoholics with Russell's revised Wechsler Memory Scale

Fifty-four alcoholics and 30 nonalcoholics were tested on Russell's (1975) revision of the Wechsler Memory Scale (RWMS). Subjects were dichotomized into groups of old and young, and alcoholics were divided further into groups of short- and long-term abusers. Groups were matched on socioeconomic status. Significant group differences were found on three of the four RWMS measures as a function of abuse status and on two of the measures as a function of age. In terms of severity of impairment, alcoholics were found to demonstrate only mild verbal and figural memory deficits when compared to age-matched controls. Results are discussed with regard to the clinical utility of the RWMS as a memory screening instrument with alcoholic patients and in terms of treatment implications.     

Developmental analysis of the Wechsler Memory Scale

Memory functions commonly decline with age. All dimensions of memory functioning may not change equally with age. Some studies have shown declines in visual-spatial memory tasks, others in remembering stories, and another in learning pairs of associated words. The purpose of this study was to determine which dimensions deteriorate with increasing age. In addition, this study examines the construct validity of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), for which previous reports note two-, three- and four-factor solutions. WMS data from 1264 males and 1141 females at six age intervals, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 years, were compared on seven subtests to assess age trends. Visual-spatial memory tasks, remembering stories, and learning pairs of associated words proved more difficult with advanced age. Using theoretical, psychometric and statistical criteria, a one-factor (cluster) solution in both sexes across all age groups shows that the WMS measures only one construct, memory. This was shown by using principal component analyses, hierarchical cluster analyses, and very simple structure.     

Wechsler Memory Scale performance in geropsychiatric patients

Patients (N = 36) on a geropsychiatric acute care unit were administered the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) at admission and discharge. The results indicated that there were significant increases in WMS scores from admission to discharge. Mean scores on the WMS were generally below those previously reported for normal geriatric groups, but above those reported for chronically ill or demented groups. As in previous studies, a significant positive relationship was found between education and WMS score, although no such relationship was found between age and WMS score. Overall, the results highlight the need for comprehensive norms for the elderly, which would increase greatly the practical utility of the WMS in clinical settings.     

Age differences in Wechsler Memory Scale performance

Calculated mean scores for older persons utilizing data from previous studies that measured Wechsler Memory Scale performance in healthy samples and compared with those of younger adults and a sample of neurologically impaired aged (N = 384). Statistical analysis indicated that in total raw scores, as well as in all subtest scores but Digit Span, there are significant differences in the performance of different age groups. The degree to which age is associated with subtest performance varies depending on the particular subtest involved. Results are discussed in terms of their clinical implications and current theories of aging and memory.     

Memory assessment using the Strub-Black Mental Status Examination and the Wechsler Memory Scale

A systematic mental status exam often can differentiate accurately patients with organic brain disease from normal persons and those with functional disorders. The present study attempts to validate the memory portion of the Strub-Black Mental Status Exam by comparing it to the Wechsler Memory Scale. Twenty-five brain-damaged and 25 routine medical patients were given Form I of the Wechsler Memory Scale and the memory portion of the Strub-Black Mental Status Exam at their hospital bedside. Results indicate significant differences in almost all scores between the brain-damaged and normal groups on both the Wechsler Memory Scale and Mental Status exam; the Mental Status Exam differentiated between groups at a higher level of significance of ANOVA and ANCOVA comparisons of total memory scores, as well as several subtests. In these samples, age, more than education, was an important factor that affected memory test performance. The Mental Status Examination appears valid for the differentiation of clinical samples and for the documentation of specific aspects of memory dysfunction in individual brain-damaged patients. This study represents a beginning step in providing normative data on components of the Strub-Black mental status examination.     

WMS在不同年龄老年群体中的应用分析

目的：探讨６０岁以上不同年龄老人记忆变化的规律，并验证ＷＭＳ现常模在不同年龄老年群体中的适用性。方法：采用ＷＭＳ为工具，测定６０例以上健康老年人的记忆状况，从６０岁开始每５岁以一个年龄组，共４组，每组５０人。结果：６０岁以上各年龄组总量表分和记忆商数的平均成绩均有随年龄增长而逐渐衰退的趋势，尤其中７０岁左右是记忆发展的一个关键时期，具体表现在心智、回忆、再生和理解记忆上的成绩年龄差异较显著。结论：     

多维记忆评估量表的信效度研究

目的：检测多维记忆评估量表（MMAS）的信度和效度。方法：根据694名6－91岁被试的MMAS测试结果作了同质信度、结构效度和实证效度检验，以56名被试间隔20天的两次测试资料计算重测信度，以WMS－RC为效标考查效标效度。结果：分测验的重测信度在0．526－0．935之间，组合分的重测信度在0．76以上；分测验的分半信度（0．265－0．970）、α系数（0．246－0．957）和概化系数（0.245-0.957)多数在0．60以上；MMAS组合分与WMS－RC记忆商的相关为0．400－0．745，有关分测验的相关0．3以上；各分测验之间的相关（0．191－0．785），及与对应组合分的相关多数在0．5以上，多维构想得到证实；分测验成绩和组合分与教育呈正相关（0．156－0．764）；在儿童组分测验成绩和组合分与年龄呈正相关（0．214－0．759）、在成人和老人组分测验成绩和组合分与年龄呈负相关（－0．198～－0．595），各分测验的区分效度为0．278－0．889。结论：MMAS的重测信度、同质信度、效标效度和实证效度均较理想，符合心理测量学的要求。     

Factor analysis of the Wechsler Memory Scale and the Warrington Recognition Memory Test.

Subjects were 156 individuals referred, for psychological and neuropsychological evaluation. The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) including the 12h delayed condition of Russell's revision and Warrington's Recognition Memory Test (RMT) were administered as part of each evaluation. Using scores from the RMT subtests: (1) Memory for Words and (2) Memory for Faces, and scores from the WMS subtests: (3) Logical Memory, (4) Digit Span, (5) Visual Reproduction, and (6) Associate Learning flow associate pairs only), a principal components factor analysis was carried out with an orthogonal varimax rotation yielding four factors: (1) verbal learning and memory, (2) Figurai memory, (3) Recognition memory, and (4) Attention-Concentration. Results are discussed with respect to the independent, but complementary information provided by the WMS and RMT for measurement of memory functions.