用中药肉汤保存菌种的研究

目的探讨简易效佳的菌种保存方法,以便临床、教学和科研工作之用.方法用中药芡实、山药分别加入营养肉汤中作为菌种保存液,对23种细菌进行滤纸冰冻法保存.结果保存2年后取出培养,各菌存活率达100%.结论芡实或山药肉汤作为菌种保存液,用滤纸冰冻法可较长时间保存菌种.     

三种简易菌种保藏方法的效果比较

目的:寻找一种即简便又经济实用的菌种保存方法。方法:将菌种分别用采用鲜牛奶法、滤纸片法和CRYOBANK菌种保存管保存3、6、9、12个月后,进行复苏鉴定,比较保藏质量。结果:苛氧菌的长期保存应选用CRYOBANK菌种保藏管或鲜牛奶法,苛氧菌的短期保存及非苛氧菌的保存采用三种方法效果一致。结论:从经济实用的角度出发,鲜牛奶法和滤纸片法尤其适合于基层实验室,具有推广应用价值。     

三种简易菌种保藏方法的效果比较

目的：寻找一种即简便又经济实用的菌种保存方法。方法：将菌种分别用采用鲜牛奶法、滤纸片法和CRYOBANK菌种保存管保存3、6、9、12个月后,进行复苏鉴定,比较保藏质量。结果：苛氧菌的长期保存应选用CRYOBANK菌种保藏管或鲜牛奶法,苛氧菌的短期保存及非苛氧菌的保存采用三种方法效果一致。结论：从经济实用的角度出发,鲜牛奶法和滤纸片法尤其适合于基层实验室,具有推广应用价值。     

医学微生物菌种长期保存方法探讨

目的 为探讨一种能长期保存菌种的理想方法,以便更好地为科研、教学提供标准菌株。方法将需保存的菌株纯化后,用保护剂鲜牛奶制成常用菌悬液、高浓菌悬液,分别分装菌种管中置-70℃超低温快速预冻过夜,冷冻干燥机真空干燥封口,-30℃保存。结果浓度为10^6-10^7／ml和5^10-10^10个/ml的菌液经15年保存后菌株的存活率分别为92．3％和100％。经20年保存后菌株的存活率分别为61．53％,98．46％。结论鲜牛奶高浓菌悬液冷冻真空干燥可长期保存各种微生物菌种。     

介绍一种新鲜牛奶保存菌种的好方法

目的 菌种的保存是医学微生物学实验室的一项重要工作.探索一种简便、实用、并能较长期保存菌种的方法,以便更好地为教学、科研提供标准菌株,切实为提高实验室工作效益带来具有可操作性的新思路和新途径.方法 将复苏的25种细菌,用接种环取2～3环细菌分别接种于无菌新鲜牛奶培养基中,形成菌悬液置普通冰箱-20℃低温保存,并定期复苏进行鉴定.结果 所有菌种一次接种可保存3年以上,通过对细菌存活情况、形态结构、染色特性、生化反应及血清学试验观察和鉴定等与初始鉴定结果一致.结论 新鲜牛奶低温保存细菌是一种简便易行有效的好方法,易于推广.     

29种细菌用新鲜牛乳低温保存菌种的新方法

目的 为了摸索出一种简便、实用、并能较长期保存菌种方法,以便更好地为教学、科研提供标准菌株.方法 将复苏的29种细菌菌种,接种于经鉴定无污染者的无菌新鲜牛乳中,置普通冰箱冷冻室-20℃低温保存,并定期复苏进行鉴定.结果 所有菌种一次接种可保存三年以上,通过对细菌存活情况、形态、染色、生化特性及血清学试验观察和鉴定等与初始鉴定结果一致.结论 新鲜牛乳保存菌种法保存菌种效果可靠,而且不须反复传代,不需特殊设备,是一种操作简便、易于推广的保存菌种新方法.     

pTAT—HA质粒转化菌保存效果的实验研究

目的探讨保存pTAT—HA质粒转化菌简单有效的方法。方法配制LB细菌培养基,将pTAT—HA质粒转化至DH50α感受态细胞,筛选成功转化子并扩增培养,将转化菌接种在不同浓度甘油菌液和新鲜牛奶中,-70℃保存6个月和1年后分别复苏,计算存活率,分析保存效果。结果保存6个月以30％甘油、40％甘油和新鲜牛奶保存效果较好,保存1年仅见30％甘油、40％甘油和新鲜牛奶冻存管有存活菌。结论pTAT-HA质粒转化菌宜使用30％-40％甘油菌液或新鲜牛奶保存。     

铜绿假单胞菌三种保存方法探讨

我们对铜绿假单胞菌(ＰＡ)菌种半固体、半固体加无菌石蜡油及营养肉汤加无菌甘油3法保存时间进行对比观察,以探讨最长传代时间。1　菌株:从住院感染患者及医院环境分离的ＰＡ109株ＡＴＣＣ278571株,经生化反应、血清型、噬菌体及菌素分型等确属ＡＰ。2　培养基:半固体及营养肉汤。3　观察方法:将ＡＰ单个菌种半固体(2管)及2ｍｌ肉汤中,用橡胶塞塞紧置35℃24小时孵育后,1管半固体加1ｃｍ厚无菌石蜡油与另1管半固体放4℃冰箱保存;肉汤管加甘油(甘油:肉汤=1:3)充分混匀,橡胶塞塞紧置-20℃(冰盒亦可)低温保存,定期分离培养鉴定,观察存活情况。4:…     

一种短期保存肺炎双球菌的简单方法

目的寻求一种简单易行的保存肺炎双球菌的方法. 方法在-20℃和-80℃条件下,用体积分数为10%的甘油新鲜兔脱纤维血(新鲜兔血)、体积分数为10%的甘油陈旧兔脱纤维血(陈旧兔血)和脱脂鲜奶作为保存剂,观察保存一定时间后肺炎双球菌存活百分率和其生物学性状的变化. 结果在-80℃保存18个月其存活率均达100%,且生物学性状保存前后无明显变化;在-20℃该菌株保藏12个月以上时,用新鲜兔血、陈旧兔血和脱脂鲜奶保存剂保存该菌,其存活率分别为70%、30%和55%,差异有显著性(P<0.01);而用新鲜兔血方法保存的菌株,其菌形、胆汁溶解和荚膜试验与保存前菌株相似,生化反应与保存前菌株相比稍有改变,而其它生物学性状无变化. 结论在-80℃保存该菌,上述3种保存剂均可使用;在-20℃保存该菌,应使用新鲜兔血作为保存剂.     

肺炎链球菌几种保存方法的比较

肺炎链球菌是医学微生物实验教学中经常要用到的菌种，该菌营养要求较高且能产生自溶酶，比一般细菌难保存，常用的定期移植保存法保存效果不理想。冷冻真空干燥法虽能保存菌种数年或十年以上，但所需设备昂贵，操作复杂，一般实验室难以配备。为能建立一种操作简便、保存时间较长、勿需特殊设备的肺炎链球菌保存方法，我们就5种简便易行的保存方法进行对比观察，现报告如下。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.