血管性勃起功能障碍病人阴茎血流动力学的变化

目的分析血管性勃起功能障碍(ED)病人阴茎血流动力学的变化,提高对该病的诊断和治疗水平.方法对52例血管性ED病人分别采取海绵体内注射试验和阴茎彩色双功能超声等检查,分析其血流动力学变化.结果52例血管性ED(动脉性ED 14例,静脉性ED 26例,混合血管性ED 12例)病人在阴茎勃起的充盈、勃起、充分勃起和强直勃起期均有明显不同的血流动力学变化,表现为充盈、勃起期延长,充分勃起和强直勃起减少等.结论血管性ED会发生明显的阴茎血流动力学变化,了解该变化有助于其正确诊断和采取适当的治疗方法.     

多普勒超声技术动态观察血管性勃起功能障碍患者阴茎血流动力学的变化

目的动态观察多普勒超声技术配合阴茎海绵体注射在血管性勃起功能障碍患者诊断中的价值。方法120例疑血管性ED患者在阴茎注射PGE1后5min、10min和20min应用多普勒超声技术测量阴茎血流动力学变化,指标包括:收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期峰值流速(EDV)、血流阻力指数(RI)。另100例心因性ED设为对照组。第一次注射后勃起不佳的患者3d后增加PGE1剂量重新检测。结果120例患者可以观察到明显的血流动力学变化,其中有动脉性ED者34例,静脉性ED 55例,混合血管性31例。ICI后不同时间的多普勒测量其血流动力学变化有一定差异。结论多普勒超声技术诊断血管性勃起功能障碍有一定意义。阴茎海绵体注射药物后须动态观察阴茎血流动力学的变化。     

彩色多普勒超声在血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的评估阴茎海绵体注射后彩色多普勒超声对男性血管性阴茎勃起功能障碍（ED）患者诊断作用。方法47例ED患者经阴茎海绵体注射PGE1 30μg诱导勃起后行彩色超声多普勒检查左、右海绵体动脉血流指标,包括收缩期最大流速（PSV）,动脉舒张末期血流速度（EDV）,阻力指数（RI）。结果非血管性ED组41例（87.2%）,其中左、右海绵体动脉PSV分别〉25 cm/s者33例,左右海绵体动脉PSV相加〉50 cm/s者8例。动脉性ED组2例（4.25%）,左右海绵体动脉PSV均〈25 cm/s,背深静脉未见血流。静脉性ED组4例（8.51%）。结论阴茎海绵体注射血管活性药物后多普勒彩色超声对男性血管性ED检查是一种微创而准确的方法。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在血管性勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的:评估彩色多普勒超声在诊断血管性勃起功能障碍中的临床价值。方法:应用彩色多普勒超声技术,检测527例疑似血管性勃起功能障碍患者,海绵体注射血管活性药物前、后阴茎海绵体动脉血流动力学。结果:动脉性勃起功能障碍207例(49.88%),静脉性勃起功能障碍144例(34.70%),动静脉性勃起功能障碍64例(15.42%),非血管性勃起功障碍112例(26.99%)。结论:彩色多普勒超声技术是目前诊断血管性勃起功能障碍的一种微创而可靠的检查方法,其能够定量反映阴茎的血流动力学状态,为合理的治疗勃起功能障碍提供有价值的依据。     

糖尿病性勃起功能障碍的超声研究

目的 应用彩色多普勒超声血流显像(CDFI)技术探讨动脉在糖尿病性勃起功能障碍(ED)中的作用.方法 23例糖尿病性ED患者和30例非糖尿病ED患者经阴茎海绵体注射前列地尔注射液(主要成分为PGE1)10 μg诱导勃起后,行CDFI检查双侧海绵体动脉血流动力学指标,包括收缩期最大流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)及内径(R).结果 PSV和R这两项指标在糖尿病性ED和非糖尿病ED患者中存在差异具有统计学意义,EDV和RI在两组患者中的差异没有统计学意义.糖尿病性ED患者中的动脉性ED明显多于非糖尿病性ED.结论 动脉供血不足在糖尿病性勃起功能障碍发病机制中起着重要作用.阴茎海绵体注射血管活性药物后CDFI对血管性ED检查是一种微创而准确的方法.     

老年ED病人阴茎背动脉横切面积和血流量研究

目的 :探讨老年人血流动力学因素在勃起功能障碍 (ED)中的作用。　方法 :随机抽取 40例勃起功能正常和 5 9例老年ED病人 ,先以脉冲超声波多普勒探测阴茎背动脉横切面图形和平均流速时间积分 ,再用微机图像扫描仪自动测量图形面积 ,最后计算出阴茎背动脉每分血流量。　结果 :勃起功能正常不同年龄组间阴茎背动脉横切面积和血流量均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;勃起功能正常与ED相同年龄两组间阴茎背动脉横切面积有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,血流量有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。　结论 :血管横切面积缩小及血流量降低在老年ED流行病学中起重要作用。     

阴茎血流指数(PFI)测定及其临床意义

目的 探讨阴茎血流指数(PFI)在勃起功能障碍(ED)筛查诊断中的临床意义.方法 采用国.产SW-3501男性功能诊断治疗系统中的血流多普勒探测仪测定37例主诉ED患者的左侧桡动脉和阴茎背动脉、双侧阴茎海绵体动脉的血流速度,求得PFI值;对6例PFI>6和随机抽取6例PFI<6的患者分别进行了彩色双功能多谱勒超声检查.结果 阴茎疲软状态下37例患者的PFI值为O.9～8,平均(3.5±0.6).其中有6例PFI>6,平均为(7.4±0.9),31例PFI<6,平均(3.3±0.5);随机抽取6例PFI<6的患者经彩色双功多普勒检查,其中1例诊断为血管性ED,余5例未发现异常;6例PFI>6的患者经彩色双功能多谱勒超声检查5例诊断为血管性ED,其中有1例PFI>8,考虑为动脉性ED.统计学上的诊断试验方法 提示,其灵敏度和特异度均为83.3%,误诊率和漏诊率均为16.7%.结论 PFI的测定对血管性ED的诊断具有筛查意义,它是一种无创、简便、经济和实用的诊断方法 .     

双功能彩色多普勒超声在勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨血管活性药物诱导后双功能彩色多普勒超声(DCDU)对勃起功能障碍(ED)的诊断及其应用前景。方法 采用罂粟碱及立其丁混合液海绵体内注射诱导阴茎勃起后行DCDU检测,测定SPV、EDV、RI及判定勃起硬度分级。结果 动脉性ED16例,静脉性ED28例,非血管性ED23例,其中Peyronie’s病4例。阴茎硬度分级为Ⅴ度9例,Ⅳ度14例,Ⅲ度25例,Ⅱ度19例。Ⅳ、Ⅴ度提示为非血管性ED,Ⅲ度以下提示为血管性ED。结论 DCDU为筛选血管性ED的一线诊断方法。     

阴茎肱动脉压力指数(PBI)测定的临床意义

目的　探讨阴茎肱动脉压力指数 (PBI)对勃起功能障碍 (ED)筛诊的临床意义。方法　①采用DT 2 10 0型多谱勒血流探测仪测定 4 2例主诉ED患者的阴茎背动脉收缩压 ,采用水银血压计测量肱动脉收缩压 ,求得PBI值 ;②阴茎海绵体内注射罂粟碱针30mg(ICI)试验后再次测量PBI值 ;③对 7例PBI<0 .75和 16例PBI>0 .75的患者进行了彩色双功能多谱勒超声检查。结果　①阴茎疲软状态下 4 2例患者的PBI值为 0 .5 9～ 0 .93,其中有 7例PBI<0 .75 ,平均为 0 .83;②在ICI试验后有 35例患者能诱发勃起 ,其PBI值为 0 .83～ 1.5 4 ,平均为 1.0 3;③ICI试验勃起欠佳的 7例 ,PBI<0 .75 ,经彩色双功能多谱勒超声检查诊断为血管混合性ED。其中有 1例PBI<0 .6 ,以动脉性ED为主。结论　PBI的测定对血管性ED的诊断具有筛诊意义 ,它是一种无创、简便、经济、实用的一种诊断手段     

中药振阳煎对动脉性勃起功能障碍患者阴茎血流动力学的影响

目的:通过中药振阳煎对动脉性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者阴茎血流动力学的临床观察,探索对动脉性ED 患者有效的治疗方法。　方法:47例(40～49岁)动脉性ED患者,用中药振阳煎口服治疗1个月,治疗前后均采 用罂粟碱30mg+酚妥拉明1mg进行阴茎海绵体内注射(ICI),并运用双功能彩色多普勒超声检查治疗前后阴茎 左右海绵体动脉收缩期最大血流流率(PSV)。　结果:47例患者经中药振阳煎治疗后,左右两侧海绵体动脉PSV 明显改善(P<0.05)。　结论:中药振阳煎能明显改善动脉性ED患者的阴茎海绵体动脉血流,有效促进阴茎勃起。     

夜间生物电阻抗容积测定对勃起功能障碍的诊断

目的:探讨夜间生物电阻抗容积测定(NEVA)在诊断勃起功能障碍(ED)中的应用价值。方法:对临床怀疑ED的100例患者进行NEVA测定。其中58例怀疑血管性ED,将该测定与阴茎海绵体造影联合彩超检查进行比较。结果:10例糖尿病性ED中有2例夜间阴茎勃起(NPT)正常,2例为动脉供血不足,6例无NPT。4例内分泌性ED患者中,2例NPT正常,2例无NPT。20例心理性ED的患者中,16例NPT正常,1例为动脉供血不足,3例无NPT。58例怀疑血管性ED的患者中确诊者有30例,其中18例为动脉性,12例为静脉性,非血管性ED28例。而应用NEVA发现在30例血管性ED中6例NPT正常,28例非血管性ED中4例NPT异常。8例外伤性ED中,2例腰椎骨折患者的NPT表现为轻度动脉供血不足;3例骨盆骨折患者中2例NPT正常,1例无NPT;3例骨盆骨折并发-后尿道断裂的患者,2例NPT正常,1例NPT提示动脉供血不足。结论:NE-VA对临床上怀疑心理性ED和血管性ED的诊断有较好的参考价值。     

Is a second injection of vasoactive medication necessary during color duplex doppler evaluation of young patients with veno-occlusive erectile dysfunction?

OBJECTIVES: To assess the contribution of a second injection of vasoactive medication into the corpus cavernosum during the duplex Doppler study for evaluation of young patients with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS: Thirty-five patients, 23 to 50 years old (median age 43), clinically diagnosed as having veno-occlusive ED underwent a color duplex Doppler study. The peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, resistance index, and arterial diameter measurements were obtained from both cavernosal arteries before and 2, 5, 10, and 20 minutes after an intracavernous injection of a vasoactive drug. All patients were reinjected with similar doses of the same medication, and all measurements were repeated. The erection quality was estimated 20 minutes after each injection. RESULTS: The peak systolic velocity after the second injection was significantly higher statistically than after the first injection (P <0.02). No differences in end-diastolic velocity, resistance index, arterial diameter, or the evaluated side between the first and second injections were found. CONCLUSIONS: A single injection of vasoactive drugs can provide sufficient information on the arterial and veno-occlusive mechanism during color duplex Doppler evaluation of young patients with vasculogenic ED without compromising the quality of the evaluation. Limiting the number of injections to only one may prevent adverse reactions caused by the second injection and reduce the cost and duration of this test.     

Usefulness of power Doppler ultrasonography in evaluating erectile dysfunction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate deep penile arterial flow after an intracavernosal injection with papaverine in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with ED were evaluated using power Doppler ultrasonography with a linear probe (8 MHz). Diagnostic tests were undertaken after an intracavernosal injection with 40 mg papaverine. The peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistive index (RI) were analysed. RESULTS: After injecting papaverine, seven patients had a normal erection and appropriate waveform patterns; their mean PSV was 30.7 cm/s, the EDV 4.42 cm/s and the RI 0.85. There was tumescence and elongation of the penis with no rigidity in eight patients; their mean PSV was 23.9 cm/s, the EDV 7.34 cm/s and the RI 0.72. There was no erection in five patients. The abnormal flow values showed insufficient arterial vessels in a quarter of the men, venous leakage in 15% and mixed ED in 20%. CONCLUSION: The power Doppler technique allows the accurate location and evaluation of deep penile arteries. Vascular pathology may be differentiated after an intracavernosal injection with a vasomotor agent. Recognising the pathological pattern assists in choosing the best method of treatment.     

Usefulness of electromyography of the cavernous corpora (CC EMG) in the diagnosis of arterial erectile dysfunction

Electromyography (EMG) of the corpora cavernosa (CC-EMG) is able to record the activity of the erectile tissue during erection, and thus has been used as a diagnostic technique in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). The present study examines the usefulness of the technique in the diagnosis of arterial ED. A cross-sectional study was made of 35 males with a mean age of 48.5 years (s.d. 11.34), referred to our center with ED for >1 year. The patients were subjected to CC-EMG and a penile Doppler ultrasound study following the injection of 20 μg of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). The patients were divided into three groups according to their response to the intracavernous injection of PGE1: Group 1 (adequate erection and reduction/suppression of EMG activity); Group 2 (insufficient erection and persistence of EMG activity); and Group 3 (insufficient erection and reduction/suppression of EMG activity). Patient classification according to response to the intracavernous injection of PGE1 was as follows: Group 1: six patients (17%), Group 2: 18 patients (51%), and Group 3: 11 patients (31%). Patients diagnosed with arterial insufficiency according to Doppler ultrasound (systolic arterial peak velocity <30 mm s(-1) in both arteries) were significantly older than those without such damage (54.5 versus 41.8 years, respectively; s.d. 11.12). The patients in Group 3 showed a significantly lower maximum systolic velocity in both arteries than the subjects belonging to Group 2. Likewise, a statistically significant relationship was observed between the diagnosis of arterial insufficiency and patient classification in Group 3. The confirmation of insufficient erection associated with reduction/suppression of EMG activity showed a sensitivity of 66.7% (confidence interval between 50 and 84%) and a specificity of 92.9% (confidence interval between 84 and 100%) in the diagnosis of arterial ED. Owing to the high specificity of CC-EMG response to the injection of PGE1, this test is considered useful as a screening technique in the diagnosis of arterial ED.     

IIEF-5在血管性勃起功能障碍诊断中的应用

目的:评价国际勃起功能简化量表(IIEF-5)对血管性勃起功能障碍(ED)病因区分的意义,以指导血管性ED诊断及治疗。方法:将103例ED患者分为4组,非血管性ED组37例(37/103,35.9%)、动脉性ED组18例(18/103,17.5%)、静脉性ED组35例(35/103,34.0%)、混合性ED组13例(13/103,12.6%),其IIEF-5得分与海绵体血管活性药物注射试验结果、多普勒超声检查结果及双核素检测结果进行比较,以非参数检验的多个独立样本检验(Kruskal-WallisTEST)比较各组之间IIEF-5得分差异的显著性。结果:上述4组之间的IIEF-5得分没有统计学差异(P=0.253)。结论:IIEF-5不能作为一种诊断工具用于鉴别血管性ED的病因以及判断血管病变严重程度。     

Significance of hyperhomocysteinaemia as an effective marker for vasculogenic erectile dysfunction: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe primary objective of this cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating serum levels of homocysteinemia (Hcy) in a cohort of erectile dysfunction (ED) patients, and at assessing the correlation between Hcy and vasculogenic ED.MethodsA total of 119 Chinese patients presenting with ED [International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-5≤21] were enrolled in this study. The whole cohort was asked to complete the IIEF-5 questionnaire and blood analysis. A detailed medical history, physical examination, nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) tests and penile color Doppler ultrasonography (pDUS) were performed by a urologist. Based on the pDUS result, they were further categorized into 2 main groups: non-vasculogenic ED (n=79) and vasculogenic ED (n=40).ResultsAge and Hcy levels were significantly higher in the vasculogenic ED group compared to the non-vasculogenic ED group (38.45±8.51 vs. 32.29±7.57 and 22.91±5.85 vs. 16.31±5.23 µmol/L, respectively, P<0.01). Univariate and multivariable regression analyses showed that the incidence of vasculogenic ED raised significantly with the increase of Hcy level. After multivariable adjustment, ED patients with hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) had 13.42 times the odds of vasculogenic ED compared with patients without HHcy (OR: 13.42, 95% CI: 3.78 to 47.64). Moreover, the risk of vasculogenic ED was 1.24 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.48, P=0.01) per-unit increase in Hyc concentration for ED with HHcy. In addition, the smoothing curve revealed that Hcy levels were inversely correlated with peak-systolic velocity (PSV) (β: −0.48, 95% CI: −0.91 to −0.05, P=0.04) in vasculogenic ED patients by multivariate regression analysis. Furthermore, in the analysis of receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under curve for Hcy to predict vasculogenic ED was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73 to 89) in patients with ED.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a dose-dependent association between Hcy and vasculogenic ED. HHcy was a risk factor for vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. Therefore, HHcy is likely to be a potential indicator to predict and diagnose vasculogenic ED when using pDUS.     

Effect of sodium nitropmsside on hemodynamics of corpus cavemosum in Chinese

Aim: To study the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the hemodynamics of corpus cavemosum in Chinese men with erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: In 68 ED patients receiving intracavemous injection (ICI) of SNP, the cavemous hemodynamics were studied by Doppler ultrasonography. Results: The peak flow velocity (PFV), the artery diameter (Ad), the mean velocity of arterial blood (MV) and the vein diameter (Vd) were significantly higher after ICI of SNP than before ICI, but the end diastolic velocity (EDV) did not change significantly. Conclusion: The increase in Vd after SNP suggests that the venous outflow is not invariably decreased during penile election.     

Is sildenafil citrate an alternative agent in the evaluation of penile vascular system with color Doppler ultrasound?

IINTRODUCION: The ideal diagnosis and therapeutic agent for erectile dysfunction (ED) would be an oral drug taken prior to color Doppler ultrasound (CDU) examination and sexual intercourse. In the present study we have investigated if the efficacy of oral sildenafil is optimal in the diagnosis of underlying pathology of ED. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group comprised of 41 patients with ED. Firstly, all patients underwent CDU examinations after the combined intracavernosal injection of 60 mg of papaverine and sexual stimulation (CIS). Secondly, these patients were examined after taking 50 mg of oral sildenafil citrate combined with self-manual and visual sexual stimulation. RERSULTS The differences of peak systolic velocity values were statistically significant between CIS and sildenafil (right: 40.7 +/- 2.9 vs. 28.7 +/- 3.3; left: 41.2 +/- 3.3 vs. 25.7 +/- 2.4; p < 0.001) in patients with normal penile vascular system. However, end-diastolic velocity and resistance index values were not significant between the same groups. In addition, there were not significant differences for peak systolic and end-diastolic blood flow velocities and resistances index with CIS and sildenafil in cases with vasculogenic ED. CONCLUSIONS: Sildenafil citrate plus visual sexual stimulation is not reliable as CIS to make accurate interpretation of penile vascular status using CDU. On the other hand, in some cases suspected of psychogenic ED after detailed sexual history, sildenafil might be tried as an initial step of the functional evaluation with CDU in order to prevent prolonged erection risk with intracavernosal injection of vasoactive agents.