脑星形细胞瘤中bFGF及其受体对血管新生和肿瘤细胞增殖的影响

目的：为探讨碱性纤维母细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）及其受体（ＦＧＦＲ－２）对人星形细胞瘤的血管新生及细胞增殖的作用。方法：彩和免疫组织化学方法,结果：发现ｂＦＧＦ及其受体,增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）在瘤细胞及血管内皮细胞中均有表达,高级别星形细胞瘤的表达阳性率高于低级别者,ｂＦＧＦ在瘤细胞中的表达阳性率分别为与ＦＧＦＲ－２及ＰＣＮＡ的表达阳性率呈正相关关系（Ｐ〈０．０１,Ｐ〈０．０５）,ｂＦＧＦ及其受     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的自分泌与反应性星形细胞胶质化

目的观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）的自分泌现象及其与反应性星形胶质化的关系。方法在大鼠星形胶质细胞（ＡＳ）原代培养的机械损伤模型上，以免疫细胞化学及原位杂交技术检测ｂＦＧＦ、ＰＣＮＡ、ＧＦＡＰ和ＧＦＡＰ－ｍＲＮＡ的动态变化。结果（１）损伤边缘的ＡＳ于伤后２小时起表达ｂＦＧＦ，１２小时达高峰，２天后回落；（２）损伤边缘的ＡＳ于伤后６小时起表达ＧＦＡＰ－ｍＲＮＡ，１天达高峰，２天后回落；（３）伤后１天起，ＧＦＡＰ表达明显增强，ＡＳ胞体肥大并向损伤区伸出粗大突起，２天时ＧＦＡＰ表达至高峰；（４）损伤边缘的部分ＡＳ从伤后２小时起表达ＰＣＮＡ，１天时达到高峰。结论（１）受损的ＡＳ能自分泌ｂＦＧＦ，这是ＡＳ受损后的早期反应之一，具有促进反应性星形胶质化的作用；（２）反应性星形胶质化时，ＧＦＡＰ表达增强是转录水平上ＧＦＡＰ－ｍＲＮＡ增加的结果；（３）反应性星形胶质化以ＡＳ肥大为主，增生为辅。     

bcl-2、p53蛋白及PCNA表达与横纹肌肉瘤临床病理相关性研究

目的：研究横纹肌肉瘤（ＲＭＳ）中ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ表达与其临床病理的相关性。方法：对５０例（随访４１例）横纹肌肉瘤进行免疫组化ＡＢＣ法标记。结果：ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３基因蛋白和ＰＣＮＡ，发现ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ阳性表达率分别为２８％、７２％、７０％，其阳性表达与年龄、性别及不同组织类型的ＲＭＳ无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。但与分化程度有关，ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ在低分化ＲＭＳ阳性率分别为８５％、９５％，显著高于高分化ＲＭＳ４２．８％和１４．３％（Ｐ＜０．０５），随访存活１年以内的ｐ５３、ＰＣＮＡ阳性率均为８６．７％，亦明显高于存活超过３年以上的阳性率３３．３％和４１．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。而ｂｃｌ－２在低分化ＲＭＳ阳性２０％显著低于高分化７１．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５），随访存活１年以内的阳性率１３．４％明显低于存活超过３年以上的４１．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ｐ５３与ｂｃｌ－２阳性表达呈明显负相关，ｐ５３阳性率越高，而ｂｃｌ－２阳性率越低。结论：ＰＣＮＡ、ｐ５３、ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达能比较准确地反映ＲＭＳ的生物学特性，ｐ５３、ｂｃｌ－２可作为肿瘤预后显著相关的有效指标。     

转化生长因子-α、表皮生长因子受体与胃癌发生的关系及其与增殖细胞核抗原的相关性分析

目的研究在胃癌发生的不同阶段转化生长因子－α（ＴＧＦ－α）、表皮生长因子受体（ＥＧＦＲ）的表达情况及与增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达的关系。方法应用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法。结果（１）ＴＧＦ－α在癌周正常粘膜、肠化生组织中的表达明显高于非癌正常粘膜及肠化生（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）ＥＧＦＲ在肠化生、不典型增生粘膜表达较正常、癌组织明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）ＴＧＦ－α、ＥＧＦＲ共同表达常伴不典型增生。（４）ＴＧＦ－α、ＥＧＦＲ表达与ＰＣＮＡ表达有明显的相关性。（５）ＴＧＦ－α、ＥＧＦＲ、ＰＣＮＡ表达与肿瘤外侵、淋巴结转移无关。结论ＥＧＦＲ／ＴＧＦ－α是胃癌前病变的一项有意义的标志，结合ＰＣ－ＮＡ监测高危人群可能有助于发现早期胃癌。     

内源性E2,EGFR,PCNA在大肠癌中作用及其相互关系

目的：明确内源性雌激素（Ｅ２）和相生长因（ＥＧＦＲ）在大肠癌中的作用及相互关系，方法；免疫组化检测４８例大肠癌内源性Ｅ２ＥＧＦＲ和ＰＣＮＡ的表达。结果：内源性Ｅ２阳性２９（６０．４％）例，其阳性细胞平均百分率为４１．１％，与肿瘤淋巴结转移呈负相关（Ｐ〈０．０５），ＥＧＦＲ过表达３２（６６．７％）例，ＰＣＮＡ增殖指数高，且两者均与肿瘤淋巴结转移呈正相关（Ｐ〈０．０５），内源性Ｅ２阳性细胞百分率与ＥＧ     

培养的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞血管紧张素Ⅱ受体的基因表达及调节

在培养的自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和正常血压ＷＫＹ大鼠的主动动脉平滑肌细胞（ＡＳＭＣ）模型，应用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交和逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术，分别检测ＡＳＭＣ中碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｈＦＧＦ）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡＮＧⅡ）Ｉ型受体（ＡＴ１Ｒ）的基因表达。结果表明：ＳＨＲＡＳＭＣ中ｈＦＧＦ基因的基础表达和ＡＮＧⅡ刺激后的表达水平元旦明显高于ＷＫＹ大鼠；ｂＦＧＦ（１０ｎｍ／ｍｌ）对两种     

p53、c-erbB-2、PCNA和EGFR在膀胱癌中过表达及其意义

目的：研究癌基因和抑癌基因蛋白产物在膀胱移行细胞癌中异常表达与病理分级、临床分期、复发和预后的关系。方法：应用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法检查１１７例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ＰＣＮＡ和ＥＧＦＲ的表达水平。结果：１１７例膀胱移行细胞癌中ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ＰＣＮＡ和ＥＧＦＲ阳性表达率分别为４７．０％、２９．９％、５３．８％和４８．７％。ｐ５３和ＰＣＮＡ阳性表达产物定位于肿瘤细胞核内，ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２阳性表达产物定位于细胞膜上，ＥＧＦＲ阳性表达产物定位于细胞膜或细胞浆内。结果表明ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ＰＣＮＡ和ＥＧＦＲ异常表达与膀胱癌的分级、分期、复发及术后生存率等之间有统计学意义。结论：ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ＰＣＮＡ和ＥＧＦＲ异常表达有助于评估膀胱癌预后，多基因异常表达作为预后评价指标更有意义。     

用细胞原位杂交方法检测NPY mRNA在PC12细胞中的表达

目的：建立ＮＰＹ ｍＲＮＡ物细胞原位杂交检测方法,并以ＮＧＦ为诱导因子研究Ｄｅｘ对大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤ＰＣ１２细胞中ＮＰＹｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。方法：采用细胞原位杂交方法。方法：ＮＧＦ具有诱导ＮＰＹ基因表达的生物学效应且呈剂量效应关系;Ｄｅｘ对ＮＰｘＲＮＡ表达具有双相调节效应,即早期（〈８ｈ）可促进ＮＧＦ的诱导作用,而晚期（〉１６ｈ）则具有抑制作用（Ｐ〈０．０１）,但单独Ｄｅｘ对ＮＰＹｍＲＮＡ表达无显著影     

bFGF对左旋硝基精氨酸诱导大鼠高血压的影响

本文观察了ｂＦＧＦ对Ｌ－ＮＮＡ诱导的大鼠高血压形成的影响及其机制。结果发现：（１）ｂＦＧＦ使高血压大鼠的平均动脉压较单纯高血压动物的血压降低３．８ｋＰａ（ｐ＜０。０５）;主动脉对乙酰胆碱（ＡＣｈ）的最大舒张反应增加６４．２％（Ｐ＜０．０１）：（２）注射ｂＦＧＦ使高血压大鼠血浆及主动脉薄片孵育液中的亚硝酸盐（ＮＯ２－）含量均显著增高,并明显恢复了血管薄片对ＡＣｈ刺激的敏感性;（３）ＭＧＦ使高血压大鼠血管壁的ｔＮＯＳ、ｉＮＯＳ及ｃＮＯＳ含量分别较单纯高血压大鼠的增加２５．５％、１５．６％和４５．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：ｂＦＧＦ具有明显的拮抗Ｌ－ＮＮＡ诱导的高血压形成的作用,其机理与刺激血管壁ＮＯＳ活性、增加ＮＯ的产生有关。     

p53,c—erbB—2,PCNA和EGFR在膀胱癌中过表达及 …

目的：研究癌基因和抑癌基因蛋白产物在膀胱移行细胞癌中异常表达与病理分级、临床分期、复发和预后的关系。方法：应用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法检查１１７例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ＰＣＮＡ和ＥＧＦＲ的表达水平。结果：１１７例膀胱移行细胞癌中ｐ５３、ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２、ＰＣＮＡ和ＥＧＦＲ阳性表达率分别为４７．０％、２９．９％、５３．８％和４８．７％。ｐ５３和ＰＣＮＡ阳性表达产物定位于肿瘤细胞核内，     

Modes of reinforcement and gender and culture of experimenter and subject: effects of "alien" and external reinforcement for Japanese and American men and women

In this study, we examined external and "alien" reinforcement (ER and AR. respectively) as a factor in social learning, and studied the combined effects of culture and reinforcement mode. A female (Experiment 1) and a male (Experiment 2) experimenters conducted experimental sessions. Both men and women, who grew up in the same culture as the experimenter, participated and performed the experimental task. A three-way interaction effect of experimenter gender, culture, and reinforcement mode was found on task performance. And the effect was more pronounced for a Japanese experimenter. A female and a male experimenters conducted Experiments 3 and 4, respectively; however participants this time were men and women who grew up in different cultures than the experimenter. Results indicated that the pattern of the subject gender and reinforcement mode interaction effect, when the experimenter was Japanese with American subjects, was exactly opposite to that when the experimenter was American. These experiments showed that AR was as effective for social learning as ER, and that the cultural backgrounds of experimenter and subject influenced AR and ER effectiveness.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and of anaerobic glycolysis in renal cortex and medulla of adult and new-born rats and guinea-pigs

1. Rates of oxygen uptake and of anaerobic glycolysis were estimated in slices from the renal cortex and medulla (a) of adult rats and guinea-pigs, (b) of new-born (1-, 5- and 21-day-old) rats and of guinea-pigs of 1, 12, 21, 24 and 120 hr age.2. In the adult rat, Q(O2) values for the cortex were 12.55 +/- 0.20 (22) and for the medulla: 8.56 +/- 0.17 (22) mul./hr.mg dry weight, while in the new-born rat (24 hr old) they were 10.99 +/- 0.46 (12) and 9.33 +/- 0.18 (9) mul./hr.mg dry weight respectively.3. Values for Q(CO2) (N2) (anaerobic glycolysis) in the 14 hr old new-born rat were in the renal cortex 9.65 +/- 0.35 (5) and in the medulla 7.39 +/- 0.43 (5) mul./hr.mg dry weight; while in the adult they were 2.25 +/- 0.08 (16) and 5.76 +/- 0.14 (16) mul./hr.mg dry weight, respectively.4. In the adult guinea-pig values for Q(CO2) (N2) were of the same order as in the adult rat, though the rate of O(2) uptake was for the cortex 8.12 +/- 0.22 (12) and for the medulla 5.02 +/- 0.23 (11) mul./hr.mg dry weight.5. Though the Q(O2) values in the renal cortex and medulla were smaller in the 1 hr old new-born guinea-pig, they were already increasing in the 12 hr old neonate.6. The results are discussed in the light of enzyme changes occurring during the process of maturation of the nephron as indicated by histochemical observations.     

Timing and intensity of early fevers and the development of allergies and asthma

BACKGROUND: Early childhood fevers appear to protect against later allergies and asthma. What is not known is the time in which fevers exert this effect and whether the degree of temperature increase is important. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship between the time and degree of early fevers and later allergies and asthma. METHODS: Eight hundred thirty-five children from southeast Michigan were enrolled at birth. Clinic records from their first 2 years were abstracted for episodes of fever. At age 6 to 7 years, children underwent allergy testing. We examined fevers occurring within 6-month intervals in the first 2 years of life and outcomes at age 6 to 7 years. The primary outcome measures were allergic sensitization, asthma, asthma with allergic sensitization, and asthma without allergic sensitization. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months of age was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.90) at age 6 to 7 years. Likewise, every 1 degrees C increase in the maximum temperature between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower odds of allergic sensitization (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61-0.96) and asthma with allergic sensitization (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40-0.94). After adjusting for potential confounders, each episode of fever between 7 and 12 months was associated with a lower likelihood of asthma with allergic sensitization (adjusted OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.94) at age 6 to 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: Both the timing and intensity of childhood fevers appear to be important factors in the development of allergies and asthma.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...