腰椎硬膜外布鲁氏菌脓肿1例报告

布鲁氏菌脊柱炎是一种非常少见的脊柱感染,以侵犯椎体最多见,形成腰椎管脓肿的病例较为少见,于后壁形成脓肿者未见报道.我院收治1例腰椎椎管后壁硬膜外布鲁氏菌脓肿患者,报道如下. 患者女性,54岁.3个月前无明显诱因出现腰痛,2个月前疼痛逐渐加重伴双下肢疼痛麻木.发病以来无发热,无午后低热,无盗汗、乏力等.在当地医院就诊,行腰椎MRI检查,诊断为"腰椎管内转移瘤",建议患者行PET-CT检查,并给予口服止痛药物对症治疗,疼痛症状控制差.患者因腰痛伴下肢放射痛剧烈来我院就诊.查体:头颈部、心肺腹未见异常.脊柱无明显畸形,未见明显包块.腰椎前屈、后伸、侧弯及旋转活动明显受限.L3、L4棘突压痛明显,有叩痛和放射痛.     

Brucellar spondylo-discitis with rapidly progressive spinal epidural abscess presenting with sciatica

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To present a patient with spinal brucellosis, which was initially presented with sciatica and misdiagnosed as a lumbar disc herniation owing to nonspecific neurological and radiological findings. The delay in diagnosis led to rapid progression of the disease and complications. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery at a tertiary university teaching hospital (Sutcu Imam University Medical Center in Turkey). CASE REPORT: A 57-year-old woman with a history of low-back pain for 6 months, fatigue, and severe left-sided sciatica for the last 3 months presented to our hospital. Three months earlier, at another hospital, she had had a negative Rose-Bengal test for brucellosis and a lumbar computed tomography performed at that time showed only minimal L4-5 annular bulging. For 2 months, she was treated with analgesics for 'lumbar disc herniation' without relief of pain. On presentation to our department, her magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination showed edema and minimal annular bulging at L3-4 and L4-5. When her Rose-Bengal test returned positive, she was started on triple antibiotics for presumed Brucella infection. When symptoms and neurologic signs worsened while taking antibiotics, repeat MRI scan showed a spinal epidural abscess at the L4-5 level. Emergent surgery and 8 weeks of antibiotics resulted in cure. CONCLUSION: In areas endemic for brucellosis, subtle historical and exam features should be sought to exclude an infection such as brucellar sponylo-discitis. Appropriate serological tests should be readily available to confirm or exclude this diagnosis in selected patients, to avoid delays in antibiotic treatment.     

Brucellar orchiepididymitis

Brucellosis is a cause of human disease, especially in regions whose brucellosis in animals is enzootic. Brucella orchitis is a rare complication of systemic brucellosis (2-14%). Necrotizing orchitis is posible and it must be distinguished from necrotizing involvement arising from other pathogens (TB or Salmonella). Treatment with specific antimicrobial medication helps to avoid unnecessary orchiectomy and prevent infectious disease in the contralateral testis as well as systemic manifestations. We report a case of brucellar epididymo-orchitis presenting as an acute scrotal mass in a 19 years old male who lived in a city. The anamnesis was crucial in the diagnosis of this rare testicular infection. We review the diagnosis and management of this patology.     

Brucellar orchiepididymitis

The brucellosis is an unusual entity whose incidence has diminished due to the improvement in preventive measures. We have carried out a retrospective study of all the patients admitted in our service between 1996 and 1998, with diagnosis of orchitis. Two of the 31 patients admitted for this reason presented a final diagnosis of brucellar orchiepididymitis. Both patients presented clinic of affectation from the general state accompanied by resistance to habitual antibiotic treatment. The patient's epidemic antecedents, accompanied by the suitable clinical evolution took to the suspicion of orchiepididymitis of brucellar etiology, with change in the antibiotic rule. The diagnosis of the process was obtained by means of serologic tests and blood cultures.     

Periareolar abscess in the nonlactating breast

Periareolar abscesses in nonlactating women are usually accompanied by a sinus tract that communicates with the nipple. This abnormal tract represents the source of the initial invasive infection and, if left unattended, may be the nidus for recurrence. The medical records of 32 patients with periareolar abscess treated at Temple University Hospital from January 1970 through January 1980 were reviewed. Follow-up data were obtained recently for 21 patients, including 1 patient with bilateral disease. Several patients also had an inverted nipple. Nineteen patients denied recurrence after our initial treatment and two required a secondary procedure for cure. Only one patient was dissatisfied with the postoperative appearance of the surgical site. None required partial or simple mastectomy for cure, as reported elsewhere. Excision of the sinus tract and, when present, correction of the inverted nipple as herein described are necessary to prevent reinfection. Simple abscess excision or incision and drainage is usually inadequate therapy.     

Brucellar spine infection--four case reports

Brucellosis can be difficult to diagnose because of the nonspecific and variable clinical picture. This systemic disease is still an important public health problem in the Mediterranean Basin. These four cases of brucellar spine infection originated from rural areas around Aydin, Turkey. The systemic complaints of fever, profuse sweating, malaise, polyarthromyalgia, and weight loss indicated the final diagnosis of brucellosis and presumptive diagnoses were made based on agglutination testing for brucellosis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated signs of bone infection and soft tissue involvement. Good outcomes were obtained with prolonged treatment with antibrucellar drugs including streptomycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline. Early diagnosis is important and prompt antibrucellar chemotherapy is effective in most cases, but prolonged follow up is necessary in all patients with spinal brucellosis.     

Brucellar spondylitis: MRI findings

This study was carried out to identify the distinguishing features of brucellosis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI examinations were performed in 14 patients with spinal brucellosis. A 1-T Magnetom (Erlangen, Siemens) was used to obtain T1-weighted (TR/TE 500/30) and T2-weighted (TR/TE 2000/80/20) spin echo sequences, in both sagittal and axial planes. Thirty-three percent of the vertebrae and 18 levels of disc were involved in the 14 brucellar spondylitis cases. Eleven patients (79.8%) with discitis revealed anterior superior vertebral body involvement. Fourteen (77.7%) of the levels with discitis displayed soft tissue swelling without presence of abscess formation. Seven facet joints of five patients with discitis displayed signal increase after contrast enhancement. Vertebral body signal changes without morphologic changes marked signal increase in the intervertebral disc on T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced sequences, and soft tissue involvement without abscess formation can be accepted as specific MRI features of brucellar spondylitis. The facet joint signal changes following contrast enhancement is another MRI sign of spinal brucellosis, which has not been mentioned so far.     

Brucellar spondylodiscitis in the lumbar region

A 59-year-old male farmer presented with a rare case of spondylodiscitis as a manifestation of systemic brucellosis. The patient presented with radicular pain and restricted mobility of the spine due to localized muscle spasm in addition to systemic complaints. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated discovertebral involvement at the L4-5 intervertebral space, indicating infectious spondylodiscitis. The Rose-Bengal test was positive and the serum antibody titer was 1/1280. The patient was treated with streptomycin combined with tetracycline plus rifampicin, with complete recovery. Early diagnosis is important and prompt antibrucellar chemotherapy is effective in most cases. Therefore, spondylodiscitis due to brucellosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of spinal infections.     

乳腺脓肿微创治疗的临床应用

目的 评价乳腺脓肿微创治疗的临床应用价值.方法 将86例乳腺脓肿患者分为穿刺引流组（29例）、小切口引流组（33例）和传统切开引流组（24例）,观察各组治疗效果.结果 穿刺引流组在疼痛评分、愈合时间和换药次数方面优势明显,传统引流组有一定比例的并发症.脓肿直径大于5cm者微创治疗失败率明显增高（P〈0.01）.结论 微创治疗在乳腺脓肿的治疗中具有极大意义,尤其适用于脓腔较小者,但传统切开引流法仍有意义.