48例鼻腔鼻窦肉瘤的临床分析

目的：探讨鼻腔鼻窦肉瘤的临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后，以提高对鼻腔鼻窦肉瘤的诊疗水平。方法：回顾性分析48例鼻腔鼻窦肉瘤患者的临床资料。结果：鼻腔鼻窦纤维肉瘤4例，恶性纤维性组织细胞瘤3例，脂肪肉瘤4例，平滑肌肉瘤5例，横纹肌肉瘤5例，骨肉瘤2例，软骨肉瘤3例，恶性黑色素瘤4例，非霍奇金淋巴瘤4例，浆细胞肉瘤1例，恶性神经鞘膜瘤5例，嗅神经母细胞瘤5例，血管肉瘤3例，综合治疗后随访，1，3，5年生存率分别为62．5％，46．7％，35．7％。结论：鼻腔鼻窦肉瘤不易明确诊断，结合免疫组织化学有助于诊断，对肿瘤易复发及全身转移者，综合治疗可提高生存率。     

鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤6例报告

目的探讨鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的临床表现、病理、诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗.方法诊治鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤6例,B期4例,C期2例,均行手术加放射治疗.结果B期患者2年生存率50%,3年生存率25%.C期患者2年生存率50%,5年生存率50%.结论鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤B、C期患者手术加放疗是最佳的治疗方案.     

嗅神经母细胞瘤6例诊疗分析

目的：探讨嗅神经母细胞瘤的诊疗方法及预后。方法：回顾性分析6例嗅神经母细胞瘤的临床资料。单纯放疗1例，手术加术后放疗4例，手术加术后放疗、化疗1例。结果：全部患者随访1～10年，1、3、5年生存率分别为100．0％（6／6）、83．3％（5／6）和66．7％（4／6），其中1例已存活8年，无复发。结论：根治性手术加术后放疗为局部控制最佳方案，而化疗对防止远处转移帮助较大。早期的准确诊断和综合治疗是提高本病生存率的关键。     

嗅神经母细胞瘤34例临床治疗经验

目的 探讨嗅神经母细胞瘤的诊断、治疗及预后。方法 回顾分析1958～1998年收治的34例嗅神经母细胞瘤患者的临床资料。根据Kadish分期：A期1例，B期9例，C期24例。治疗方法：单纯手术3例，单纯放射治疗9例，综合治疗22例。综合治疗包括手术结合放射治疗15例，放射治疗结合化学治疗4例，手术结合放射、化学治疗3例。结果 5年生存率为47．1％(16／34)，其中A期100％(1／1)，B期88．9％(8／9)，C期29．2％(7／24)；单纯手术生存率为33．3％(1／3)，单纯放射治疗生存率为33．3％(3／9)，综合治疗生存率为54．5％(12／22)。局部控制率和远处转移率分别为61．8％(21／34)和32．4％(11／34)。10例死于远处转移，5例死于局部复发。早期(A、B期)患者的生存率好于晚期患者(C期)(χ^2=8．174，P=0．004)，年轻患者(≤30岁)的远处转移率较高(χ^2=3．865，P=0．049)，预后较差(χ^2=4．194，P=0．041)。结论 早期发现和综合治疗对改善生存率有重要意义。术前放射治疗加手术有助于提高嗅神经母细胞瘤的局部控制率。远处转移是影响预后的主要因素。     

嗅神经母细胞瘤的化疗

分析影响嗅神经母细胞瘤化疗的因素并探讨嗅神经母细胞瘤的化疗方案。方法：回顾分析1993年3月至2004年6月收治的4例行化疗的嗅神经母细胞瘤患者的临床资料，包括就诊时年龄、性别、病程、Kadish分期、组织病理学分级、治疗方式、预后，并对文献进行复习。结果：4例均为男性，平均31.5岁，Kadish分期均为C期。组织病理学分级：2级1例，3级2例，4级1例。化疗药物4例含有足叶乙甙、3例含有铂类药物。化疗在首次治疗中应用1例（病理2级随访6个月，带瘤生存），挽救治疗中应用3例（2例病理3级分别随访48个月、6个月无瘤生存，1例病理4级随访12个月带瘤生存）。结论：嗅神经母细胞瘤治疗采用化疗有效，组织病理学分级影响肿瘤对化疗的敏感性，化疗宜采用含铂类及足叶乙甙的多种药物。     

鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤（摘要）

鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤（摘要）彭培宏，师秀珍，张宝泉，倪道凤，张连山，魏伯俊嗅神经母细胞瘤是鼻腔较罕见的神经源性肿瘤，具有低度恶性肿瘤的特征。本院近１０年来收治７例，现就其临床特征、治疗和预后作一分析讨论。一、临床资料：７例患者中男５例，女２例，年龄在３...     

嗅神经母细胞瘤的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨嗅神经母细胞瘤的诊断和治疗效果。方法：２２例患者,１５例常规病理检查明确诊断,７例用ＮＳＥ、ＮＦ、ＬＣＡ、ＥＭＡ、ＣＥＡ抗体行免疫组化检查。所有病例分别采用手术、放疗、手术加放疗、手术加放疗和化疗进行治疗。结果：ＮＳＥ阳性率７／７,ＮＦ５／７,其余３种抗体检查均为阴性。１９例手术中１４例发现前颅窝底骨质破坏。随访１７例,３年、５年生存率分别为５９％和３５％。结论：免疫组化检测对本病诊断和鉴别诊断有较大帮助,病变位于鼻腔顶部且前颅窝底骨质破坏提示本病的可能。早期诊断加综合治疗能提高本病生存率。     

头颈部恶性淋巴瘤17例报告

头颈部恶性淋巴瘤（malignantlymphoma，ML）临床少见，症状缺乏特征性，常规病理诊断有一定困难，故易发生漏诊及误诊。1986年2月～1995年4月，我院收治17例头颈部ML患者。为加深对本病的认识，现报告如下。1临床资料本组17例，男10例，女7例；年龄12～80岁，平均38．6岁。病程21d～2年，4个月以上者11例。病变部位为颈淋巴结4例，鼻腔4例，鼻腔鼻窦2例，鼻咽2例，鼻咽、咽腭弓、扁桃体1例，鼻腔、鼻咽、口咽、扁桃体2例，扁桃体1例，鼻翼1例。17例均经病理证实，非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）15例，霍奇金病（HD）1例，ML未分类1例。T细胞淋…     

晚期嗅神经母细胞瘤治疗经验

晚期嗅神经母细胞瘤治疗经验张虹陶远孝廖文满王朝晖吴宇平樊晋川陈建超王桃仙郎锦义嗅神经母细胞瘤是鼻腔较少见的恶性肿瘤，好发于筛窦、鼻腔。可向眼眶、前颅底、额叶、上颌窦等处扩展。我科从１９８４～１９９４年共收治４例嗅神经母细胞瘤患者，皆行颅面联合进路根治...     

鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的诊断与治疗（附1例额鼻联合进路手术切除报告）

鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的诊断与治疗（附１例额鼻联合进路手术切除报告）袁晓阳，陈绿琦，贾月芝，李晓鼻腔内神经源性肿瘤较多，但以嗅神经毋细胞瘤最为罕见。现将我科经额鼻联合进路手术切除嗅母细胞瘤１例报告如下。１临床资料患者女，５０岁，左鼻间歇性鼻塞、流涕、鼻出...     

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance

The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF‐C in early laryngeal cancer: relationship with radioresistance Angiogenesis is essential for tumour growth and invasion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prime mediator of tumour angiogenesis. VEGF‐C is a closely related protein that effects lymphatic endothelial cells and may be important in the process of lymphatic metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of these cytokines in patients with T1 and T2a glottic, squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison with normal epithelial control tissue, to ascertain any association with radioresistance. Twenty‐two tumours treated by radiotherapy (13 radiosensitive, nine radioresistant) and seven normal control tissues were studied. The minimum follow‐up was 2 years after radiotherapy. Expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsy specimens. Analysis was carried out using a quantitative computer image analyser. Both VEGF and VEGF‐C were detectable in tumour and normal control specimens. There was increased expression in tumour specimens of both VEGF (P = 0.03) and VEGF‐C (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression of VEGF‐C was associated with tumours of higher histological grade (P = 0.021). There was, however, no difference in VEGF and VEGF‐C expression between radioresistant and radiosensitive tumours. The expression of VEGF and VEGF‐C is increased in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, measuring the expression of these proteins cannot predict radioresistance in this tumour group.     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Cervical Reflex Induced by Click Stimuli in Cats

We studied click-evoked potentials in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in 17 cats. A concentric needle electrode was inserted into the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C3-C6. Potentials evoked with 105 dB SPL clicks were recorded with a peak latency of 4.89-5.10 ms only at the C3 level. These responses were observed 45-60 dB SPL above the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, and no potentials were evoked by stimulation of the contralateral ear. Average was performed 100 times with changes in stimulation frequency of 1-20 Hz. The amplitude of the potentials decreased with increasing stimulus frequency, but there were no changes in ABRs. The responses disappeared after destruction of the medial vestibulospinal tract at the obex level, but ABRs were still recorded. The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerves was located in the anterior horn of the spinal cord at levels C1-C6, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle motoneurons were found at levels C1-C3. The click-evoked potentials recorded in this study reflect responses of the spinal nucleus of accessory nerves through the vestibulospinal tract to click stimulation. The responses have the same characteristics as vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials that can be recorded using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles of humans.     

Lack of significant estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in nasal telangiectasias in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: an immunohistochemical analysis

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring and apnea during sleep leading to decreased oxygen saturation and disturbed sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological disturbances. This study investigates cognitive neuropsychological abilities in a group of 53 OSAS patients before and after treatment with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. General intellectual ability, verbal learning and memory as well as executive functioning were measured at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. After surgery there were significant improvements in verbal learning and memory (mean change - 39, SD 57.3, p <0.001), recall (mean change - 24.3, SD 39.3, p <0.001) and executive functioning (as assessed by percentage of errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; mean change-9.1, SD 15.7, p <0.001). These improvements were in accordance with improvements in the degree of sleep apnea, the oxygen desaturation index (mean change -9.7, SD 15.9, p <0.001) and arterial minimum oxygen saturation (mean change 4.5%, SD 10.2%, p <0.01). Surgical treatment seems to improve verbal learning, memory and recall and executive functions in parallel with better oxygenation in OSAS.     

Measurement of chemosensory function

Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.