梗阻性无精子症的显微外科治疗(附76例报告)

目的:探讨显微外科治疗梗阻性无精子症的效果及临床意义。方法:对2012年3月至2014年5月间收治的76例梗阻性无精子症患者进行显微外科手术治疗,其中双侧输精管附睾吻合53例(附睾头部吻合8例,体部吻合18例,尾部吻合5例,双侧附睾头、体尾混合吻合22例),单侧输精管-附睾吻合14例,单侧输精管-附睾吻合+单侧输精管吻合(含交叉吻合)9例,术后随访复通率,精液常规及孕育情况共2~16个月。结果:双侧输精管附睾吻合术,单侧输精管附睾吻合术及单侧输精管附睾吻合+单侧输精管吻合术(含交叉吻合)的成功率分别为62.26%(33/53),35.71%(5/14)和77.78%(7/9);精子浓度分别为(27.9±5.74)×106/ml、(11.8±8.33)×106/ml和(19.9±7.53)×106/ml;精子总数分别为(65.6±13.71)×106、(28.0±15.86)×106和(69.2±28.59)×106;前向运动精子百分率(PR)为(22.3±3.18)%、(11.0±9.77)%和(15.8±5.05)%。依据吻合部位的不同,双侧输精管-附睾头部、体部、尾部吻合及附睾头、体尾混合吻合的成功率分别为62.5%、72.22%、60%和54.55%。所有患者中,术后有8例使配偶怀孕(8/76,10.53%)。结论:显微外科手术可有效治疗输精管及附睾管梗阻。所采用的手术方法中,单侧输精管-附睾吻合+单侧输精管吻合(含交叉吻合)效果最好,其次为双侧输精管-附睾吻合术,而单侧输精管-附睾吻合术效果较差。双侧输精管-附睾头、体部吻合与双侧输精管-附睾头、尾部吻合手术成功率无明显差异。     

射精管梗阻性无精子症的诊断与治疗(附46例报告)

目的探讨射精管梗阻性无精子症的诊断及经尿道射精管电切术(TURED)的可行性和疗效。方法回顾分析2003年6月～2005年9月间收治的46例射精管梗阻性无精子症患者的临床资料。采用精液常规分析、精浆果糖测定和经直肠超声检查(TRUS)对其进行诊断,患者均使用TURED治疗,术后随访至少3个月以上。结果46例患者精液量0．4～1．9ml,pH值5．6-7．0,精浆果糖降低,一次射精(0～10．8)μmol。TRUS检查：单纯双侧精囊扩张8例,单侧精囊扩张3例,精囊扩张并射精管扩张18例,精囊扩张合并前列腺囊肿者12例,单纯射精管部分扩张或前列腺囊肿者5例。所有患者均完成手术。术后随访3～28个月,40例(86．96%)精液检查有不同程度的改善,22例(47．82%)精液中出现精子,9例(19．56%)精液检查正常；4例(8．7%)妻子妊娠。结论精液分析、精浆果糖测定和TRUS是射精管梗阻的主要诊断方式。TURED是治疗射精管梗阻性无精子症的首选方法。     

附睾输精管吻合术治疗梗阻性无精子症

目的探讨附睾输精管吻合术在梗阻性无精子症治疗中的作用。方法选择23例确诊为梗阻性无精子症并初步怀疑为附睾水平梗阻的患者进行阴囊探查，观察睾丸、附睾及输精管情况，对其中19例确定为附睾水平梗阻并在附睾液中找到活精子的患者用8-0尼龙线施行双侧或单侧附睾输精管端侧吻合术，术后随访其疗效。结果19例获随访8～34个月，9例(47％)于术后3～9个月从精液中检出活精子，其中5例配偶受孕成功。结论阴囊探查简单、易行，有助于梗阻性无精子症的诊断和治疗，附睾输精管吻合术治疗梗阻性无精子症取得初步效果，值得进一步探讨。     

附睾梗阻性无精子症的手术治疗

目的 评价附睾梗阻性无精子症(EOA)的手术效果和影响因素. 方法回顾性分析51例EOA患者的临床资料.患者均在硬膜外麻醉下行阴囊探查术.放大镜辅助下,行单层纵向2针套叠式输精管附睾吻合术(LIVE).收集资料包括手术方法、随访时间、术后精子数平均值、a级精子百分率及复通率和受孕率. 结果 平均手术时间(134±36)min.49例一侧或双侧附睾有精子检出,其中1例一侧附睾对侧输精管检出精子;2例附睾未检出精子.49例附睾找到精子者中,48例行单侧或双侧LIVE,1例行单侧LIVE对侧输精管端端吻合.48例行单纯LIVE者失访4例,余44例随访7～17个月,32例精液中检出精子,复通率为72.7%;精子总数平均为(24±23)×106个;28例(87.5%)精液中检出a级精子,a级精子平均为(12.0±11.2)%.39例随访12个月,其中10例妊娠,受孕率为25.6%.术后妊娠与吻合口位置有关,本组妊娠均为吻合部位在尾部者. 结论 放大镜辅助下的LIVE操作简单、费用低,并能取得满意的复通率和受孕率;术中应考虑吻合口位置对妊娠的影响.     

经尿道射精管切开术治疗射精管梗阻性无精子症

目的探讨经尿道射精管切开治疗射精管梗阻的安全性及临床疗效。方法分析2008年1月2011年12月收治的16例射精管梗阻性无精子症患者的临床资料,常规精液分析、精浆果糖、中性a葡萄糖苷酶测定及经直肠超声予以诊断,必要时行精道造影检查确诊。16例均采用经尿道射精管切开术治疗,术后随访其疗效。结果 16例均顺利完成手术,术后随访36月,14例（87.5%）精液各项指标均有明显改善,5例（31.3%）配偶妊娠。结论经尿道射精管切开术是治疗射精管梗阻性无精子症的安全有效的方法,值得临床推广。     

交叉输精管附睾显微吻合术治疗复杂梗阻性无精子症

正在男性不育患者中,无精子症的发病率约占10%~15%,其中梗阻性无精子症(obstructive azoospermia,OA)约占40%[1]。显微外科输精管吻合术、输精管附睾吻合术因其显著优势而成为近年来梗阻性无精子症的首选治疗[2]。然而有些复杂梗阻性无精子症,如单侧睾丸发育不良而对侧输精管缺如或多段梗阻,无法通过常规的同侧输精管或输精管附睾显微吻合术治疗,而施行交叉吻合可以     

输精管附睾显微吻合术治疗梗阻性无精子症疗效分析

目的 探讨纵向2针套叠式输精管附睾显微吻合术治疗梗阻性无精子症的手术疗效.方法 对确诊为附睾水平梗阻的梗阻性无精子症25例施行纵向2针套叠式输精管附睾显微吻合术,术后随访复通率、配偶妊娠率.结果 术后随访25例,复通21例(84%);配偶妊娠17例(68%).结论 纵向2针套叠式输精管附睾显微吻合术治疗梗阻性无精子症是一种手术操作相对简便、疗效显著的外科技术.     

显微技术附睾管输精管吻合治疗梗阻性无精子症

目的　探讨附睾管梗阻性无精子症的有效治疗方法。方法　我科自2001年12月～2006年12月应用显微外科技术对9例附睾管梗阻性无精子症患者行附睾管输精管吻合术进行回顾性分析。结果　7例术后精液分析可见精子,其中5例精液分析结果正常,2例已生育。手术成功率77．8％。结论　应用显微外科技术行附睾管输精管吻合术是目前治疗附睾管梗阻性无精子症的有效方法。     

经尿道射精管口电切术治疗射精管梗阻性无精子症

<正>我院自2009年9月至2012年2月共收治了3例射精管梗阻导致的无精子症的不育患者,并利用经尿道射精管口电切术的方法进行了治疗,疗效满意。现报告如下。     

附睾成形输精管吻合术治疗附睾阻塞性无精子症17例疗效分析

梗阻性无精子症的治疗是泌尿男科领域中的难题之一，1999年1月～2005年6月我院对22例诊断为梗阻性无精子症并怀疑为附睾部位梗阻的患者进行阴囊探查，其中17例施行附睾成形输精管吻合术，取得一定的疗效。现报告如下。     

输精管附睾管显微吻合术术中附睾吻合部位的选择策略(附56例报告)

目的:探讨输精管附睾管显微吻合术(VE)治疗附睾梗阻性无精子症(EOA)附睾吻合部位的选择策略。方法:选取2013年1月至2014年1月就诊的56例确诊为OA并初步诊断为附睾梗阻的男性不育患者,术前根据病史、体检以及阴囊超声对附睾吻合部位进行预测;行阴囊探查术观察附睾梗阻情况,根据触诊和显微镜下观察选择待吻合附睾管;最终根据附睾液中有无活动精子决定吻合部位;对确定为附睾梗阻并在附睾液中找到活精子的患者施行输精管附睾管端侧显微吻合术;术后随访其疗效。结果:56例患者均行双侧阴囊超声检查和阴囊探查术,累计112次,其中行VE术98次(单侧14例,双侧42例),术前病史和体检累计预测吻合部位、超声预测吻合部位、术中首选吻合部位的成功率分别为80.5%(153/190)、80.3%(90/112)和87.4%(90/103)。28例随访成功(随访满12个月),其中19例(67.9%,19/28)于术后2~12个月从精液中检出活动精子,10例(35.7%,10/28)配偶自然受孕成功,均为体尾部吻合病例。结论:术前病史和体检有助于吻合部位的选择,阴囊超声是有效、实用、无创的术前诊断附睾梗阻部位的方法。术中在饱满较硬的附睾中选择最为饱满的附睾管切开,易于获得有活动精子的附睾管行显微吻合。     

经直肠超声检查在男性梗阻性无精子症病因筛查中的作用(附695例病例分析)

目的:探讨经直肠超声(TRUS)在男性梗阻性无精子症病因筛查中的作用。方法:回顾性分析我院2007年1月至2009年5月695例男性梗阻性无精子症患者的TRUS的病因诊断结果。结果:695例梗阻性无精子症患者中,TRUS检查发现病变以射精管病变(29.2%)、精囊腺病变(25.4%)以及前列腺中线囊肿病变(18.5%)为主。TRUS检查共发现射精管扩张203例;精囊腺病变177例,其中先天性精囊腺缺如或者发育不全108例,精囊腺扩张51例;另外,TRUS诊断发现前列腺中线囊肿128例,其中75例(58.5%)射精管囊肿,39例(30.5%)苗勒管囊肿。34例患者的梗阻性无精子症可能由于钙化性疾病导致。而153例患者(22.0%)TRUS检查未见明显异常。TRUS在本组梗阻性无精子症患者中,78.0%可以发现比较明确的病因。结论:TRUS可以比较清晰地观察射精管以及精囊腺等结构异常,可以为远端输精系统梗阻的病因诊断提供重要的参考信息。     

输精管造影在射精管梗阻病因诊断中的作用探讨(附45例报告)(附编者按)

目的 对比分析细针穿刺输精管造影和经直肠B超(TRUS)对射精管梗阻性无精子症的诊断中作用,以期为探讨国人射精管梗阻性无精子症的最佳影像学诊断方法提供依据.方法 2005年7月至2007年7月间,对45例经精液分析和TRUS疑诊为双侧射精管梗阻(EDO)性无精子症的患者行开放性细针穿刺输精管造影检查.患者精液分析应具有典型的"四低"特点和(或)具有TRUS检查的典型EDO改变.结果 45例患者中,同时具有典型的精液分析"四低"特点和TRus检查改变的患者15例(33.33%),精液分析有"四低"特点而TRUS检查无典型改变者12例(26.67%),TRUS检查有典型改变而精液分析不具备"四低"特点者18例(40%).开放性细针穿刺输精管造影检查显示:双侧输精管起始段、附睾部梗阻患者19例,双侧输精管梗阻、发育不良患者15例,双侧射精管梗阻仅3例(6.67%),一侧输精管梗阻、一侧射精管梗阻患者2例,一侧输精管起始段及附睾部梗阻、一侧输精管梗阻或发育不良者6例.仅1例患者出现,是因造影后不遵医嘱过早活动出现阴囊血肿,保守治疗后自行吸收.结论 单纯依靠TRUS进行射精管梗阻诊断的价值有限,考虑与TRUS仪能显示静止的精囊、射精管情况有关.开放性细针穿刺输精管造影在梗阻性无精子症诊断中有重要作用.     

经尿道射精管切开术后24例并发症临床分析

目的探讨经尿道射精管切开（TUR-ED）术后并发症及其防治。方法24例射精管开口梗阻患者施行了TUR-ED术,年龄22-36岁,分析所有患者术后并发症,并对并发症的处理进行总结。结果术后出血3例（12．5％）,感染5例（20．8％）,梗阻复发2例（8．3％）,射精异常2例（8．3％）。结论TUR—ED术后并发症发生受多因素影响。结合患者的整体情况、遵循个体化原则、加强对泌尿男科医师手术技能的训练是手术成功的关键。     

经直肠实时超声引导精囊镜在治疗射精管梗阻性无精子症的效果分析

目的:探讨经直肠实时超声引导精囊镜(TRUS-SVS)治疗射精管梗阻性无精症的可行性和有效性.方法:回顾2016年6月至2018年6月我院术前确诊为双侧射精管梗阻性无精子症且经射精管开口和前列腺小囊进入精囊均失败40例患者临床资料,采用TRUS-SVS进入精囊,分析手术进镜成功率、手术时间、并发症和治疗效果,评估TRU...     

Clinical observation of loupe-assisted intussusception vasoepididymostomy in the treatment of obstructive azoospermia (analysis of 49 case reports)

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of loupe-assisted intussusception vasoepididymostomy (VE) in the treatment of epididymal obstructive azoospermia (EOA), we retrospectively analyzed data from 49 patients with EOA who underwent two-suture longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (LIVE) between 2000 and 2007. The data included the surgical method, postoperative motile sperm count per ejaculation, percentage of progressive motile sperm and patency and pregnancy outcomes. There were a total of 49 men undergoing scrotal exploration, and epididymal obstruction was found in all cases. Bilateral or unilateral anastomoses were performed in 40 and 6 men, respectively. The postoperative courses of 42 patients were followed up for more than 6 months, and the courses of 38 patients were followed up for more than 1 year. The overall patency and pregnancy rates were 71.4% and 26.3%, respectively. Moreover, progressive motile sperm was more frequently present in those patients who had undergone anastomosis at cauda than at corpus or caput. Pregnancy was achieved only in those patients who had undergone anastomosis at least on one side of the cauda epididymis. We think that the loupe-assisted method, with a lower overall cost and a simplified surgical procedure, can achieve satisfactory patency outcomes and pregnancy results. Data from this paper also suggest that paternity outcomes occur more frequently after anastomoses at cauda than at corpus or caput.     

Vasal vessel-sparing microsurgical single-armed vasoepididymostomy to epididymal obstructive azoospermia: A retrospective control study

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vasal vessel-sparing modified single-armed 2-suture longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (SA-LIVE) to epididymal obstructive azoospermia patients. Forty consecutive epididymal obstructive azoospermia cases, who underwent microsurgical vasoepididymostomy in Shanghai General Hospital from January 2019 to October 2019, were included in this study. Twenty cases underwent SA-LIVE (group A), and 20 cases underwent vasal vessel-sparing SA-LIVE (group B). Until March 2021, the mean follow-up period was 16.9 ± 4.1 (12–23) months. The overall patency rate was 82.5%, and 80% and 85% for group A and group B respectively. The mean time to achieve patency was 4.11 ± 2.74 months. The overall natural pregnancy rate was 51.5%(17/33) at the mean follow-up of 16.9 months. The natural pregnancy rate was 50.0% for group A and 52.9% for group B (p > .05). At the time of 6 months post-operation, the patency rate was 70% for group A and 80% for group B (p = .465); the natural pregnancy rate was 0% for group A and 31.3% for group B (p = .022). Vasal vessel-sparing SA-LIVE is safe and effective to achieve favourable patency and pregnancy rates. Preserving vasal vessel would improve natural pregnancy rate at a very early stage.     

Clinical study of azoospermia

This study evaluated how many patients with azoospermia might have fertility potential using assisted conception techniques. A total of 102 male patients with aioospermia were included in the study. Thirteen patients had sex chromosomal abnormalities. Testicular biopsy performed in the other 89 patients showed incomplete spermatogenesis in 47 of them whereas 42 had complete spermatogenesis. In the latter 42 patients, distal vasography demonstrated bilateral obstruction of the excurrent ducts in 14 patients whereas no distal obstruction of the ducts was found in 28. The 89 patients were divided into three groups according to the findings of testicular biopsy and distal vasography. In the 14 patients with both complete spermatogenesis and distal obstruction of the excurrent ducts, surgical procedures are applicable. The pathogenesis of the 28 patients with complete spermatogenesis but without distal obstruction of the ducts should be clarified for further treatment.