bax基因在小鼠睾丸及实验性隐睾中表达的研究

目的 研究ｂａｘ基因在正常小鼠睾丸中的表达、定位及隐睾所导致的改变。方法 以Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｏｔｔｉｎｇ印迹法从蛋白水平检测ｂａｘ基因在正常小鼠睾丸及实验性隐睾中的表达、变化;原位杂交技术及Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交法从ｍＲＮＡ水平检测ｂａｘ基因在小鼠生精上皮中的定位及隐睾所导致的改变。结果 ｂａｘ基因在正常小鼠睾丸中有弱表达,实验性隐睾导致其表达明显增强,表达细胞为主要为精母细胞、精原细胞和精子细胞     

胶质瘤bcd—2基因表达水平与其细胞增殖和凋亡关系的研究

目的 探讨胶质瘤细胞ｂｃｌ－２基因表达水平与肿瘤恶性程度、细胞增殖活性及凋亡程度的关系。方法 以６９例不同级别的人胶质瘤组织为研究对象,用原位杂交及免疫组化染色ＡＢＣ法分别检测ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ、ｂｃｌ－２蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原（细胞增殖活性标记物）的表达,并用３’末标记法做原位细胞凋亡检测。结果 ６４例（９２．８％）表达ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ,６０例（８７．０％）表达ｂｃｌ－２蛋白,两者的表达水平呈正     

维生素A对胸腺凋亡有关基因的影响

为观察营养缺乏及补充维生素Ａ（ＶＡ）对胸腺细胞凋亡有关基因的影响，采用原位杂交及免疫组化的方法观察了胸腺组织ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ，Ｆａｓ及Ｂａｘ蛋白的表达。结果表明营养缺乏的大鼠胸腺细胞ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ的表达明显降低，而Ｆａｓ及Ｂａｘ蛋白的表达则明显增强；补充ＶＡ后大鼠胸腺ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ的表达明显增强，Ｂａｘ蛋白的表达明显降低，而Ｆａｓ蛋白的表达无明显变化。本结果表明：营养缺乏时胸腺细胞凋亡增加导致免疫功能降低，补充ＶＡ可抑制细胞凋亡，可能是通过促进ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ的表达，抑制Ｂａｘ蛋白的表达而起作用     

淋巴瘤凋亡调节基因bcl—x mRNA及蛋白的表达

目的 探讨凋亡调节基因ｂｃｌ－ｘ在淋巴瘤细胞凋亡调控和肿瘤发生中的作用及在淋巴瘤诊断中的价值。方法 收集３０例新鲜标本和１０９例存蜡块（均包括淋巴反应性增生和Ｔ、Ｂ常见类型淋巴瘤）,用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）和免疫组化枸橼酸－微波－ＡＢＣ法分别观察ｂｃｌ－ｘ ｍＲＮＡ和其蛋白的表达及分布。结果 ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ显示３０例新鲜标本中均有ｂｃｌ－ｘ的转录,其中２９例可见ｂｃｌ－ｘ条带,１３例出     

肺癌侵袭力的影像学表现与c—erbB—2及bcl—2基因蛋白表达？…

目的和方法 利用免疫组化技术ＬＳＤＡＢ法和计算机图像分析系统的结合,测定经手术病理证实之３７例肺鳞癌及４８例肺腺癌组织中,ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２及ｂｃｌ－２基因蛋白的表达水平,分析其表达或共表达与反映肺癌侵袭力的影像征象的关系。结果：ｃ－ｅｒｂＢＦ－２及ｂｃｌ－２基因蛋白在两种不同类型肺癌组织中的阳性表达及表达定位有明显的差异,并且ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因蛋白表达阳性的肺癌,肿块毛刺征的出现率明显高于表达阴     

肝癌中bcl-2和bax基因的表达及其关系

目的：为了探讨巨细胞凋亡基因在肝癌发生中的作用。方法：利用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法,检测了肝癌中细胞凋亡抑制基因ｂｃｌ－２,促细胞凋亡基因ｂａｘ的表达。结果：ｂｃｌ－２以及ｂａｘ的个体阳性率均比正常对照组有显著性提高;肝癌组中ｂｃｌ－２和ｂａｘ的表达呈正相关,但无显著性。结论：ｂｃｌ－２表达抑制细胞凋亡,导致肝癌发生;ｂａｘ表达促进细胞凋亡,使肿瘤维持在高殖状态 。     

脑缺血过程中B细胞淋巴瘤-2基因家族基因的表达及与细胞死亡的关系

为了了解Ｂ细胞淋巴瘤－２基因（ｂｃｌ－２）家族基因在脑缺血后表达规律及其调节细胞死亡的作用，通过阻塞大鼠双侧颈总动脉和椎动脉建立全脑缺血模型，观察了Ｂａｘ、ｂｃｌ－ｘＬ及ｂｃｌ－２基因表达变化以及与细胞死亡的关系。在缺血再灌流６ｈ，Ｂａｘ免疫染色增加，２４～４８ｈ达到高峰，ｂｃｌ－ｘＬｍＲＮＡ在２４ｈ后表达下降，ｂｃｌ－ｘＬ蛋白在４８ｈ可见明显降低，并且在缺血敏感神经元Ｂａｘ和ｂｃｌ－ｘＬ表达变化显著，与细胞凋亡发生的部位一致，相反，ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ和蛋白表达未见明显变化。提示ｂｃｌ－ｘＬ和Ｂａｘ可能参与脑缺血再灌流中神经细胞死亡的调节，其表达变化与神经元对缺血的敏感性相关     

反义bcl—2寡脱氧核苷酸对U937细胞增殖和存活能力的影响

本实验观察了与人类ｂｃｌ－２ ｍＲＮＡ翻译起始部位相互补的硫代反义ｂｃｌ－２寡脱氧核苷酸（ＡＳ－ｏＯＤＮ）对Ｕ９３７细胞增殖和存活能力的影响，结果表明：一定浓度的ＡＳ－ｓＯＤＮ可明显抑制细胞Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白的表达，但对细胞增殖和存活能力无明显影响。这一研究结果为在不同表达ｂｃｌ－２的肿瘤细胞中探讨ｂｃｌ－２反义核酸作用的普遍性和正确评价其作用地位积累了资料。     

非小细胞肺癌中凋亡抑制基因Bcl-2的转录表达研究

目的 探讨Ｂｃｌ－２这度转录表达在人非小细胞肺癌发生、发展中的作用。方法 采用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交技术和非放射性地高辛标记检测系统,检测了１３７份不同部位、不同性质的人肺组织中的Ｂｃｌ－２基因的ｍＲＮＡ表达。结果 肺组织中Ｂｃｌ－２ ｍＲＮＡ的表达有从良性病变组织、远离癌灶的肺组织、癌旁组织到癌灶组织逐渐增高的趋势;其中,肺癌癌灶组织中Ｂｃｌ－２ ｍＲＮＡ的表达较肺良性病变组织和远离癌灶的肺组     

人肺癌细胞凋亡与p53、bcl-2、Bax的表达

目的：探讨人肺癌组织细胞自发凋亡的发生,ｐ５３基因及凋亡相关基因ｂｃｌ－２、Ｂａｘ在肺癌组织中的表达及与肺癌细胞凋亡和生物学行为的关系。方法：用甲基绿－派诺宁染色检测５０例肺癌组织切片中凋亡细胞,ＬＳＡＢ免疫组化法检测ｐ５３和Ｂａｘ的蛋白表达,原位杂交方法检测ｂｃｌ－２ ｍＲＮＡ的表达。结果：１００％小细胞肺癌凋亡发生数１０个／ＨＰＦ,２１％的肺鳞癌和１５％的肺腺癌凋亡发生数〉１０个／ＨＰＦ。ｐ５     

蝌蚪提取液诱导HL60细胞分化和凋亡的实验研究

目的 为了寻找新的肿瘤细胞分化诱导剂,探讨蝌蚪醚提取液（Ｔ８７１２）的抗肿瘤作用。方法 将ＨＬ６０细胞培养于Ｔ８７１２和ＲＰＭＩ１６４０按１：２００（ｖ／ｖ）混合的培养基中。结果 Ｔ８７１２能诱导ＨＬ６０细胞向单核／巨噬细胞方向分化,表现为生长抑制,ＮＢＴ还原能力提高,酸性非特异性酯酶（ＡＮＡＥ）活性增加,形态学观察类似单核／巨噬细胞。当Ｔ８７１２与ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养基按１：１００（ｖ／ｖ）混合     

bcl—2在一氧化氮诱导血管平滑肌细胞凋亡中的作用

目的：对一氧化氮（NO）作用下血管平滑肌细胞（VSMC）中bcl-2蛋白表达的变化进行定量检测,并进一步探讨bcl-2过表达对NO诱导VSMC凋亡的影响,以确定bcl-2在NO诱导VSMC凋亡中的作用。方法以亚硝基乙酰青霉胺（SNAP）作为NO供体,将5－8代的大鼠VSMC接种于Petri培养皿中,条件培养液培养24－48h,换成含0．5mmol/LSNAP的条件培养液8－10h后,固定细胞、间接免疫荧光法检测抗原,借助粘附式细胞仪对细胞中bcl-2蛋白表达进行定量检测,通过逆转录病毒载体将bcl-2基因导入VSMC,使其过量表达,检测SNAP作用下细胞的凋亡率,并与未经转染的VSMC进行比较,结果：SNAP使得VSMC中B蛋白表达下调,而bcl-2过表达能够抑制SNAP作用下VSMC的凋亡。结论下调bcl-2表达是SNAP诱导VSMC凋亡的途径之一。     

大肠腺瘤及癌中细胞凋亡和bcl—2,bax基因的表达

探讨细胞凋亡及其调控基因ｂｃｌ－２和ｂａｘ与大肠癌发生发展之间的关系。方法：采用Ｆｅｕｌｇｅｎ染色，ＴｄＴ酶介导的生物素化ｄＵＴＰ缺口末端标记技术和免疫组织Ｓ－Ｐ法，分别检测大肠正常粘膜、腺瘤、癌及癌旁非腺瘤性不典型增生中细胞凋亡率和ｂｃｌ－２、ｂａｘ基因的表达。     

SLE病人外周血Bcl—2／JH基因重排检测的意义

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法检测３１例ＳＬＥ病人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）Ｂｃｌ－２／ＪＨ基因重排现象和流式细胞仪间接双标记法分析其Ｔ（ＣＤ３）、Ｂ（ＣＤ１９）细胞Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白的表达。结果显示，ＳＬＥ病人Ｔ细胞Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达明显高于正常人（４２．９５％±２８．４７％对比９．９４％±４．９６％，Ｐ＝０．０００４），尤其以活动期ＳＬＥ病人为明显，而Ｂ细胞Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达与正常人之间并无统计学差异（７９．２１％±１０．６９％对比８１．９６％±６．９７％；Ｐ＝０．４６０２）。７例ＳＬＥ病人具有典型的Ｂｃｌ－２／ＪＨ基因重排（占２２．５８％），且均为ＳＬＥ活动期病人，其Ｔ细胞Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达明显高于无基因重排的ＳＬＥ病人，其Ｂ细胞Ｂｃｌ－２表达并无差异（Ｐ＞０．３９０５）。说明Ｂｃｌ－２／ＪＨ基因重排现象可见于ＳＬＥ，并与Ｔ细胞Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白高表达有关，表明细胞凋亡抑制基因Ｂｃｌ－２在ＳＬＥ发病机制中具有重要作用。     

Effects of body temperature on the expression and localization of meiosis-related proteins STRA8 and SCP3 in boar testes

Body temperature could lead to interruption of spermatogenesis, but the molecular mechanism was still unclear. Cryptorchidism was defined as the failure of testes to enter the scrotum, which exposed the testes to body temperature. Meiosis was a unique feature of germ cell development. Whether cryptorchidism damage the initiation of meiosis in boars had not been reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether spermatogonia in the cryptorchid testes entered into meiosis by detecting meiosis-related markers stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8) and synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3). Three boars with spontaneous unilateral abdominal cryptorchidism were used. The testis located in the abdomen was cryptorchidism group, the scrotal testis of the same animal was used as control. HE results showed that only Sertoli cells, and a few spermatogonia remained in the seminiferous tubules, and no spermatids were seen compared with the control. Immunohistochemistry results showed that in both control and cryptorchidism group, STRA8 was mainly expressed in the nucleus of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. In control group, SCP3 was expressed in the nucleus of spermatocytes. In cryptorchidism group, SCP3 immunopositive cells were also observed. qRT-PCR and Western Blot results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of STRA8 and SCP3 were significantly decreased in cryptorchid boars. The expression of STRA8 and SCP3 in cryptorchidism suggested that spermatogonia could still enter meiosis in cryptorchid boars.     

Decreased expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in male germ cells at elevated temperature.

Physiological scrotal hypothermia is necessary for normal spermatogenesis and fertility in mammals. Cirp is a recently identified cold-inducible RNA-binding protein that is inducible at 32 degrees C in mouse somatic cells in vitro. Cirp is constitutively expressed in the testis of mouse and structurally highly similar to RBM1, a candidate for the human azoospermia factor. To elucidate the role played by Cirp in spermatogenesis, we investigated its expression levels during spermatogenesis and after heat stress. In the mouse testis, cirp mRNA was detected in the germ cells, and the level varied depending on the stage of differentiation. Also, a high level of Cirp protein was detected immunohistochemically in the nucleus of primary spermatocytes. Expression of Cirp was decreased in the GC-2spd(ts) mouse germ cell line when culture temperature was raised from 32 degrees C to 37 degrees C. When mouse testis was exposed to heat stress by experimental cryptorchidism or immersion of the lower abdomen in warm (42 degrees C) water, the expression of Cirp was decreased in the testis within 6 hours after either treatment. In human testis with varicocele analyzed immunohistochemically, germ cells expressed less Cirp protein than those in the testis without varicocele. These results demonstrated that CIRP expression is down-regulated at elevated temperature in male germ cells of mice and humans. Analysis of Cirp expression in the testes will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to male infertility.     

N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯对大鼠实验性隐睾生精细胞凋亡及Bax表达的影响

目的研究N-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)对大鼠实验性隐睾生精细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因Bax表达的影响。方法手术建立大鼠单侧隐睾模型,实验分为隐睾组、隐睾 L-NAME组[术后腹腔注射溶于生理盐水的L-NAME 50 mg/(kg.d)]、隐睾 生理盐水组、假手术组,7 d后采用化学比色法检测睾丸组织NOS活性,流式细胞术(FCM)和原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测生精细胞凋亡,RT-PCR和免疫组织化学法检测Bax基因表达变化。结果隐睾组和隐睾 生理盐水组之间检测指标无明显差异;隐睾 L-NAME组隐睾凋亡细胞百分比和生精细胞凋亡指数均低于隐睾组及隐睾 生理盐水组,高于假手术组(P<0.05);Bax mRNA和蛋白表达水平隐睾组及隐睾 生理盐水组最高,假手术组次之,隐睾 L-NAME组最低。结论隐睾生精细胞Bax表达增加,L-NAME可通过下调Bax的表达抑制隐睾生精细胞凋亡。     

Anti-MIC2 as a tool in examination of testicular biopsies.

MIC2 is a pseudoautosomal gene localized on X and Y chromosomes. The MIC2 gene product is a glycoprotein expressed on the cell membranes of a number of somatic cells, including Sertoli cells of the testis, but not on the cell membranes of germ cells. In cases of cryptorchidism, a testicular biopsy is recommended in order to evaluate future fertility potential. The spermatogonia are identified on histological sections and the number per tubular transverse section is compared with normal values for age. The patient is at 33-100% risk of subsequent infertility when the number of spermatogonia per tubular transverse section is lower than 1% of the lowest normal age-matched value. Besides Sertoli cells the seminiferous tubules in undescended testes contain only a few germ cells, and it may be difficult to pinpoint the germ cells in small biopsies. Especially in nonpalpable testes their number may be heavily reduced. A reliable identification of germ cells may also be difficult in cultures of testicular biopsies from undescended testes. Against this background, we tried the use of an immunohistochemical method with DAKO antibody to the MIC2 gene product (MIC2, 12 E7, code no. M3601) in order to obtain a "negative reaction" of germ cells, contrasting with the stained Sertoli cells. The material comprised: 44 specimens of testicular parenchyma taken at time of surgery for cryptorchidism from 24 cryptorchid boys with nonpalpable testes and 14 testicular biopsies from 13 cryptorchid patients with palpable testes which had been cultured in vitro for 7, 14 or 21 days. In all cases the immunohistochemical method with DAKO antibody to the MIC2 gene product was helpful for identification of Sertoli cells and germ cells, and we therefore recommend the use of anti-MIC2 in all testicular biopsies where it is difficult to pinpoint the germ cells.     

Specific expression of heat shock protein HspA2 in human male germ cells

In the mouse, the heat shock protein 70-2 (Hsp70-2) has been found to play a critical role in spermatogenesis. The HspA2 gene is the human homologue of the murine Hsp70-2 gene with 91.7% identity in the nucleotide coding sequence. We examined the expression of HspA2 in human tissues. To detect HspA2 expression, antiserum 2A that was raised against mouse Hsp70-2 and that cross-reacted with human HspA2 protein expressed in Escherichia coli was used. The results of Western blotting indicate that significant HspA2 expression occurs in testes with normal spermatogenesis, whereas only a low amount of HspA2 was expressed in testis with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Only a small amount of HspA2 was detected in breast, stomach, prostate, colon, liver, ovary, and epididymis. Immunoreactivity to HspA2 was present in spermatocytes and spermatids in the testes with normal spermatogenesis, while immunoreactivity to HspA2 in testis with Sertoli cell-only syndrome was remarkably decreased or inconspicuous over the entire cell. These results demonstrate that the HspA2 protein is highly expressed in human male specific germ cells, suggesting that HspA2 protein may play a specific role during meiosis in human testes as found in the murine model.