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目的 了解环卫女工职业卫生知识知晓与正确行为形成的匹配性,为有针对性制订和实施职业健康宣教,避免职业病的发生提供科学依据。 方法 采用整群抽样方法对乌鲁木齐市十七个街道的环卫女工进行职业卫生知识和行为问卷调查,对职业卫生知识的知晓情况和正确行为形成情况进行比较分析。 结果 调查的1 463例环卫女工职业卫生知识总体知晓率为56.94%,正确行为形成率为49.12%。不同特征环卫女工职业卫生知识知晓率与正确行为形成率的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。表现为:不同年龄、不同民族、不同文化程度的环卫女工职业卫生知识知晓率均高于与之对应的正确行为形成率。而不同工龄的比较表现为工龄在15年以上者正确行为形成率高于职业卫生知识知晓率。环卫女工对“工作中接触的职业危害因素”、“上岗前职业健康检查必要性”、“职业卫生培训必要性”、“有效的防护措施能够预防职业病”、“是否了解劳动合同法”的知晓率分别为44.09%、78.47%、73.62%、51.47%、17.98%;对应的行为“主动了解本岗位的职业危害”、“上岗前是否做过职业健康检查”、“是否接受过职业卫生培训”、“工作中正确佩戴防护用品”、“是否签署劳动合同”的形成率分别为35.20%、30.96%、55.23%、33.15%、82.98%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中既知晓“上岗前职业健康检查必要性”、“职业卫生培训必要性”、“是否了解劳动合同法”这三个知识点又能形成正确行为的环卫女工数分别是对应的既不知晓上述三个知识点又不能够形成正确行为的环卫女工数2.0倍、2.14倍、1.06倍。 结论 环卫女工职业卫生知识的知晓与正确行为形成之间还存在着一定的差距。应高度关注和加强这一弱势人群的职业健康管理,保护职业健康。 相似文献
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目的了解乌鲁木齐市石油化工女工职业卫生知识知晓情况,为制定职业健康教育及行为干预措施提供依据。方法采取整群抽样方法对乌鲁木齐市石油化工行业中接触职业卫生危害因素的女职工进行问卷调查。结果 567名石油化工行业女工职业卫生知识总体知晓率为42.44%,对列出的职业卫生知识条目全部知晓的有16人(占2.82%)。职业卫生各项知识的知晓率最高的是对职业卫生定义的正确理解,为62.43%。知晓率最低的是对工作中职业防护措施有哪些,为29.28%。职业卫生知识的总体得分为3.40±1.94。不同年龄段的被调查女工在"工作中接触到的职业卫生危害因素有哪些"和"岗前体检的强制性"这两个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为年龄大者知晓率高。不同文化程度的被调查女工在"工作中接触到的职业卫生危害因素有哪些"、"所从事的工种职业健康检查的周期是多久"、"职业健康体检与一般体检的区别"和"岗前体检的强制性"这4个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为高中/大专文化程度者知晓率高。不同工种的被调查女工在"工作中接触到的职业卫生危害因素有哪些"、"职业健康体检与一般体检的区别"和"岗前体检的强制性"这3个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为外操工知晓率高。不同工龄的被调查女工在"职业健康体检与一般体检的区别"和"岗前体检的强制性"这2个知识点上知晓率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为工龄长者知晓率高。结论乌鲁木齐市石油化工女工职业卫生知识知晓率低,应加强和有针对性地开展职业卫生培训和宣教。 相似文献
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Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years. 相似文献
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C L Rümke 《Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde》1985,129(51):2469-2471
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Leon Braier Ashley Levy Klaus Dror Asher Pardo 《American journal of industrial medicine》1981,2(2):119-123
Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood. 相似文献
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Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors. 相似文献
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This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965. 相似文献
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恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。 相似文献
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目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12%和23.64%.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00%、23.53%、36.00%、5.26%和27.03%,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P<0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P<0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P>0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全. 相似文献