接尘作业工人504例X射线胸片分析

[目的]了解常州市天宁区粉尘作业工人的职业损伤情况,为保护尘肺高危人群身体健康,制定尘肺防治策略提供依据。[方法]对在辖区内疾病预防控制中心接受职业健康体检的504名粉尘作业劳动者的高千伏X射线胸片等资料进行统计分析。[结果]504例胸片中,双肺纹理增高61例(12.1%),双肺出现小阴影17例(3.4%);不同接尘种类X射线胸片阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.149,P<0.01),电焊烟尘和矽尘阳性率相对较高;不同工龄组间(1~、5~、≥ 10年) X射线胸片阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.804,P<0.01),工龄≥ 10年组阳性率较高。[结论]辖区内尘肺病防治形势严峻,电焊烟尘和矽尘对工人健康损害较大;随着接尘工龄增加,粉尘对工人危害也增大,尤其是对接尘工龄10 a及以上的工人。     

济南市某铸造厂接尘作业工人高仟伏X线胸片情况调查

为了解接尘作业工人对呼吸系统的影响，加强对接尘作业工人的跟踪调查，于2003年5月对济南某铸造厂接尘作业工人进行了高仟伏X线胸片普查。     

某矿30年来接尘工人参加健康监护的情况

我们对山东省新汶矿业集团公司某煤矿30年来接尘工人历次尘肺普查的X线胸大片数量进行了核对和分析，分析该矿的健康监护工作状况。     

水泥生产工人胸片改变与肺通气功能改变相关性研究

肺功能检查对早期发现接尘工人的呼吸系统改变和尘肺患者的代偿机能及劳动能力鉴定具有十分重要意义 ［１］。为了掌握水泥生产工人的肺功能损害情况 ,进行了本调查研究。１对象和方法１．１研究对象对３个大型水泥厂接触熟料粉尘的３６６名工人进行胸正位摄片 ,按ＧＢ５９０６ -８６诊断标准 ,诊断为０ 者为０ 组（６６例） ,诊断未达０ 者为一般接尘组（３００例） ,后勤及行政等非接尘人员为对照组（１３５例）。各组中排除临床心肺疾患者 ,基本情况均无显著性差异 ,见表１ ,经ｔ检验 ,０ 组及一般接尘组与对照组比较 ,除接尘工龄外 ,各…     

陶瓷企业接尘工人高千伏X射线胸片质量分析

目的 探讨陶瓷企业接尘工人高千伏X射线胸片质量情况及其影响因素.方法 随机选择1110张陶瓷企业接尘工人高千伏X射线胸片作为质量分析资料,其中在放射科机房摄片530张(固定摄片组),车载摄片580张(车载摄片组).由3名具有尘肺病诊断资质的医师集体读片,胸片质量分级按GBZ 70-2009《尘肺病诊断标准》附录C“胸片质量与质量评定”要求和分级标准进行评定.结果 1110张高千伏X射线胸片优片、良片、差片和废片的比率分别为18.02％、27.75％、52.97％和1.26％.男性组优片率(22.33％)高于女性组(6.10％,P＜0.001),女性组差片率(“.41％)高于男性组(48.83％,P＜0.001),2组良片率和废片率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).固定摄片组优片率(25.28％)和差片率(56.23％)均高于车载摄片组(分别为11.38％和50.00％,P＜0.05或P＜0.001),良片率(17.74％)低于车载摄片组(36.90％,P＜O.05).影响差片质量的因素主要为心后影纹理难辨、胸片偏黑或偏白、肩胛骨未完全离开肺野、外来影、吸气不足和位置不正.外来影中女性文胸金属影发生率(80.53％)较高是影响胸片质量的主要因素.结论 陶瓷接尘工人高千伏X射线胸片质量不高.胸片偏黑或偏白和/或外来影,尤其女性文胸金属影是造成高千伏X射线胸片质量下降的主要原因.     

某有色金属企业接尘工人肺功能和胸片检查结果分析

目的 比较本地某有色金属企业不同接尘岗位工人的肺功能情况,研究吸烟对其肺功能及X射线胸片的影响.方法 对1 613名不同接尘工人的肺功能进行测定,并分成井下、炼解、运输、其他4个岗位作比较.分为吸烟组及不吸烟组与对照组进行肺功能、X射线胸片比较.结果 不同接尘岗位中,井下工人肺功能损害较大,用力肺活量( FVC)、1秒用力呼气容积(FEV<,1>)、肺活量50%时流速与肺活量25%时流速比值(V<,50>/V<,25>)、最大呼气中段流速(MMEF)均有明显下降(P<0.05).其他岗位接尘工人肺功能情况在此次调查中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).井下工人中吸烟者的FEV<,1>、MMEF、V<,50>V<,25>均显著低于非吸烟者(JP<0.05).与对照组吸烟者比较,井下工人吸烟者的FEV<,1>、MMEF、V<,50>/V<,25>亦有明显下降(P<0.05).胸片检查井下工人吸烟者的肺气肿、肺间质改变、肺结核、尘肺检出率均显著高于非吸烟者(P<0.05);与对照组吸烟者比较,井下工人吸烟者的肺气肿、肺间质改变、肺结核、尘肺检出率亦显著增高(P<0.05).结论 该企业不同接尘岗位中,以井下工人肺功能损害较大,且吸烟可加速井下接尘工人肺功能的损害,更易导致肺部疾病的发生.     

稀土粉尘作业工人接触剂量与X线胸片改变关系探讨

本文根据剂量-反应关系,对有系列X线胸片的379例轻稀土粉尘作业工人进行了累积接尘量计算,并用寿命表方法分析了接尘量与胸片O~+累计发生率的关系。结果表明,按工人工作30年计,O~+发生率在1%时,稀土粉尘浓度为3.3mg/m~3(几何均值),或4.3mg/m~3(算术均值)。     

蚕丝作业工人X线胸片分析

蚕丝加工业在我国有着悠久的历史。在生产加工过程中产生一定量的蚕茧丝有机粉尘(下简称茧尘)污染作业场所,给作业工人健康带来一定影响。现将某厂187例接触茧尘作业工和1115例不接触茧尘工X线胸片进行双盲对比分析,结果报告如下。 1.作业场所劳动条件该厂是全省八大丝绸骨干企业之一,主要生产桑棉短纤维绢丝绸系列产品。在生产过程中粉尘主要在原料车间的选、切、剥和制棉车间的梳、排棉工序。前者茧尘浓度均值为23.91±20.45mg/m~3(10个样品),后者浓度均值为5.05±3.80mg/m~3(36个     

管电压对体模及接尘者数字化X线胸片图像的影响

目的 探讨不同管电压下对比度细节体模(CDRAD2.0)及职业性接尘者数字化X线胸片(DR)的图像质量.方法 对CDRAD2.0体模进行高仟伏及不同管电压的DR成像,由3位阅片者对其图像进行分析,计算并比较影像质量因子(IQF);同时选择136例粉尘作业人员,拍摄高仟伏X线胸片和不同管电压下的DR片,参照高仟伏胸片分别对DR片的10个解剖部位进行评分,比较DR与高仟伏图像间的差异.结果 在CDRAD2.0体模中,3位阅片者DR图像的IQF值均在120 kV条件下达到最小,平均IQF值为22.25.经随机效应模型的方差分析,不同管电压下的DR图像的平均IQF值的差异有统计学意义(F=13.775,P＜0.01).120 kV的DR图像与高仟伏图像IQF均值的差异无统计学意义(t=-0.58,P=0.979).在接尘者中,120 kV投照条件下的DR图像对解剖情况的显示最接近高仟伏模拟图像,均值与0(基本等同于高仟伏片)的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在CDRAD2.0体模或接尘者中,120kV管电压下的DR图像质量基本等同于高仟伏片.     

Knowledge and practices related to occupational hazards among cement workers in United arab emirates

Background: In United Arab Emirates (UAE), the rate of industrialization has increased significantly over the past decades. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the occupational hazards and the knowledge & practice of the working population relevant to these hazards. Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practice of workers in cement factory in Ras Al-Khaimah, UAE on the occupational hazards of their work. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 153 cement factory workers. A semi- structured interview questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practice of workers towards occupational hazards in general and dust in particular. Results: The majority 114 (74.5 %) of the workers knew that exposure to the dust was a serious hazard to their health, but only 52.9 % of the workers knew the hazards other than the dust that were associated with their work. All the workers mentioned that they had been provided with masks to protect them from dust, however, only 28.8 % of them claimed that they used the masks all the time during working hours. The variables: years of education, being informed about the hazards associated with the worker's job, and attending a training course about occupational health and safety were found to have a significant influence on the workers' knowledge about the occupational hazards and on their use of the personal protective equipment at work. Conclusion and Recommendations: Despite the relatively high knowledge of the cement factory workers about the adverse health effects of exposure to dust, the use of respiratory protective equipment was poor. A program to promote safety education and the use of personal protective equipment among cement factory workers is recommended.     

石油化工工人职业紧张及相关影响因素

目的 了解石油化工企业工人职业紧张的来源及相关影响因素.方法 采用职业紧张量表(OSI),对某市石油化工企业532名职工(化工组345名,后勤组187名)进行职业紧张因素、个性特征、缓解因素和紧张反应调查.结果 化工组工作场所中物理环境差,工作缺乏控制,工作危险性大,工作单调,角色冲突、角色模糊较对照组严重;化工组的职业紧张程度高于后勤组(P<0.05).结论 石油化工工人工作中存在紧张因素,这些因素与个性特征、缓解紧张因素相互作用影响工人的身心健康.     

Radiological changes in asbestos cement workers.

OBJECTIVE--To explore associations between exposure to asbestos cement dust and radiographic findings in lung parenchyma and pleura. METHODS--Radiographs from 174 blue collar workers and 29 white collar workers from an asbestos cement plant formed one part of the study. Progression of small opacities was further studied in those 124 blue collar workers, for whom two radiographs taken after the end of employment were available. The median readings from five readers who used the full ILO 1980 classification were used. As exposure indices, time since start of employment, duration of employment, cumulative exposure, and average intensity of asbestos exposure were used. The influence of age and smoking was also considered in multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS--Small opacities (profusion > or = 1/0) were closely correlated with time related exposure variables, and showed weaker association with intensity based exposure variables. The odds ratio (OR) for small opacities was equal to 2.8 (90% CI 1.2, 6.7) in the > 30 f(fibre)-y/ml group, compared with those in the 0-10 f-y/ml group. Progression of at least two minor ILO categories after the end of employment was seen in 20%. Also, pleural thickening was closely related to time. By contrast, costophrenic angle obliterations were not associated with the time related variables, but closely associated with the intensity of asbestos exposure, and tended to occur during employment. The OR was 4.5 (90% CI 1.3, 15) in the > 2 f/ml group, compared with those in the 0-1 f/ml group. CONCLUSIONS--In these workers, exposed mainly to chrysotile but also to small amounts of amphibole, the risk of radiographically visible parenchymal abnormality was substantially increased and strongly dependent on time related exposure variables. Progression was found long after the end of exposure. The findings on costophrenic angle obliterations, supposed to be sequelae of benign pleural effusions, were consistent with an immediate reaction triggered by intense asbestos exposure.     

460名放射工作人员上岗前职业健康检查结果分析

摘要:目的　了解放射工作人员就业前的身体健康状况,及早发现职业禁忌证,为用人单位合理科学的安排职工从事放射作业提供客观依据。方法　收集2013年7月-2013年12月在四川大学华西第四医院进行上岗前职业健康体检的460名放射工作人员的检查结果,采用SPSS17.0作χ2检验。 结果　本次体检结果中,有1项或多项异常的有349人,占75.87%,男性与女性相比,中上腹B超及肝功能异常率男性高于女性（P＜0.05）,眼科异常率女性高于男性（P＜0.05）;年龄越大,中上腹B超异常率越大（P＜0.05）。检出职业禁忌证35人,占7.61%,不同性别,不同年龄之间的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　上岗前的职业健康检查对保障职工及用人单位的合法利益具有重要意义。     

职业健康体检中拍摄胸片的质量控制

目的职业健康体检是为维护有害作业人员健康、早期发现职业损伤的重要手段之一,职业健康体检中胸片的质量直接影响体检结果的判断,因此,必须做好职业健康体检的各项检查。方法从体检前摄片的方法的确定,体检拍片时拍摄技术的要求,体检后胸片质量的评价,以及今后的职业健康体检胸片拍摄新进展等方面来阐述。结果体检中的摄片质量对职业健康体检结果的保证起着决定性的作用,尤其是尘肺等职业危害健康体检中胸片质量直接影响最后的诊断。结论从各主要环节严把质量关,确保职业健康体检结果的准确性、可信性,使职业健康体检服务蓬勃、健康发展。     

某汽车制造企业噪声作业工人听力损失影响因素分析

目的 了解某汽车制造企业接触噪声工人听力损失情况,探究职业性噪声听力损失的危险因素。
方法 选取某汽车制造企业暴露于职业性噪声超过一年的3 411名工人为研究对象,对噪声作业工人开展问卷调查,对工作场所进行职业病危害因素检测。
结果 该企业有509人检出有听力损失,噪声性听力损失发生率为15.7%。听力损失组的接触噪声声级、接触噪声工龄、婚姻情况和工作班制情况与听力正常组相比较,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示:年龄、接噪工龄、接触噪声声级增大,听力损失的风险增高（OR=1.09~1.54,P < 0.01）;相比三班制,单一班制和两班制是听力损失的独立危险因素（OR=2.19、2.43,P < 0.01或0.05）。
结论 汽车制造企业工作场所噪声危害不容忽视。企业应加强工作场所噪声治理,为噪声作业工人开展定期职业健康体检,实行科学健康的工作班制。
     

A longitudinal examination of factors related to changes in serum polychlorinated biphenyl levels

Consumption of sport-caught fish from the Great Lakes is a recognized source of human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Understanding temporal changes in PCB body burden is crucial for evaluating exposure levels and augmenting validity of studies investigating their relationship to adverse health effects. Using data collected from 1980 to 1995, we evaluated longitudinal changes in serum PCB levels among 179 fisheaters and non-fisheaters of the Michigan Fisheater Cohort. Participants identified as fisheaters in 1980 ate 26 lb or more of sport-caught fish per year, whereas non-fisheaters ate less than 6 lb per year. We found a monotonic decline in serum PCB levels among all participants from a mean value of 24 ppb in 1980 to 12 ppb in 1994. This was paralleled by an 83% decrease in mean fish consumption among all participants over the same period. We combined demographic, lifestyle, and fish consumption information with PCB data and evaluated the data using regression models to identify predictors of PCB body burden over a 16-year period. Results of the mixed-effects linear regression model suggest that consumption of Lake Michigan fish before 1980, amount of sport-caught fish eaten in the past year, age, and year of data collection were significant determinants of current PCB body burden over the 16-year study period. PCB levels were particularly elevated for males who were classified as fisheaters in 1980, which may reflect higher levels of sport-caught fish consumption compared with female fisheaters.