可手术非小细胞肺癌对侧纵隔和斜角肌前淋巴结转移的临床研究

目的探讨适合行病灶对侧纵隔、斜角肌前淋巴结活检的可手术非小细胞肺癌患者的临床特征。方法89例Ⅰ～ⅢA期非小细胞肺癌患者开胸术前行经颈纵隔镜检查,12例联合右斜角肌活检术,10例联合前纵隔切开术。结果纵隔镜检查后发现9例为不可手术患者,其中3例为右斜角肌淋巴结转移(N3),6例为病灶对侧纵隔淋巴结转移(N3)。统计学分析显示,肺腺癌组的N3发生率高于非腺癌组(P<0.05),血清CEA水平升高组的N3发生率高于正常组(P<0.05),同侧纵隔淋巴结多站转移组的N3发生率高于同侧单站转移组(P<0.05)。结论对可手术的肺腺癌、血清CEA升高、病灶同侧纵隔淋巴结多站转移患者应行病灶对侧或斜角肌前淋巴结活检,以排除N3病变。     

纵隔镜检查非小细胞肺癌斜角肌前与病灶对侧纵隔淋巴结转移的评价

目的 探讨行纵隔镜检查非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)斜角肌前淋巴结或病灶对侧纵隔淋巴结转移(N3期)的临床特征.方法 89例Ⅰ～ⅢA期NSCLC患者开胸术前行经颈纵隔镜检查,其中12例联合斜角肌活检术,10例联合前纵隔切开术检查N3组淋巴结的病理状况.结果 纵隔镜检查显示,有9例患者不宜再行开胸手术,其中3例为右斜角肌淋巴结转移;6例为病灶对侧纵隔淋巴结转移.统计学分析显示,肺腺癌组的N3期发生率高于非腺癌组(P＜0.05),血清CEA≥15.0 ng/ml组的N3期发生率高于＜5.0 ng/ml组(P＜0.05),同侧纵隔淋巴结多站转移组的N3期发生率高于同侧单站转移组(P＜0.05).结论 对临床上为腺癌、血清CEA升高、病灶同侧纵隔淋巴结多站转移的NSCLC患者,推荐行病灶对侧纵隔淋巴结、斜角肌前淋巴结活检,以排除N3期病变.纵隔镜检查为NSCLC的多学科治疗提供了依据.     

临床Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移的影响因素及临床意义

目的　分析临床Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者肺内和纵隔淋巴结转移的影响因素 ,从而进一步探讨临床Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌的治疗方式。方法　选择从 1999年 7月到 2 0 0 1年 4月行肺叶切除及纵隔或肺内淋巴结廓清手术的临床Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者共 15 9名 ,进行回顾性分析 ,应用logistic单因素和多因素分析来判断影响淋巴结转移的因素。结果　全组 15 9例临床Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者中 ,3 7例 ( 2 3 % )患者有淋巴结转移。依据logistic回归分析 ,肿瘤直径、分化程度及胸膜侵袭是淋巴结转移的影响因素 (P =0 .0 0 3 ,P =0 .0 0 4,P =0 .0 0 5 )。有 2个或 2个以上因素与小于 2个因素比较 ,局部淋巴结转移的可能性明显增大 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　临床Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌患者表现为肿瘤直径 >2cm、肿瘤分化中 /差或侵及胸膜时 ,淋巴结转移可能性较大。这种情况下对治疗方式的选择及预后的判断应慎重     

纵隔镜手术在临床N2期肺癌中的应用价值

背景与目的探讨纵隔镜手术在临床N2期肺癌纵隔淋巴结病理分期中的应用价值。方法回顾性总结1999年9月-2008年4月87例经纵隔镜检查的肺癌患者的临床资料,其中颈部纵隔镜手术83例,胸骨旁视纵隔镜手术4例。术前所有患者胸部CT均发现同侧纵隔和(或)隆突下淋巴结肿大(直径>1.0cm)。结果本组87例患者,经纵隔镜检查证实纵隔淋巴结转移(阳性)者61例,未见纵隔淋巴结转移(阴性)者26例。纵隔镜检查阴性者中转开胸行肺叶切除或肺楔型切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫,术后病理证实24例纵隔淋巴结未见转移,2例隆突后淋巴结可见癌转移(纵隔镜检查假阴性)。纵隔镜手术敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为96.8%、100%和97.7%。本组术中发生无名动脉撕裂1例,并发症发生率为1.1%(1/87)。无围手术期死亡。结论纵隔镜手术安全、可靠,是明确临床N2期肺癌纵隔淋巴结是否转移的有效方法。     

电视纵隔镜与CT在术前肺癌N分期上的应用

背景与目的 电视纵隔镜检查与CT均可用于诊断术前肺癌有无发生纵隔淋巴结转移.本研究为探讨电视纵隔镜检查与CT在术前肺癌N分期上的价值并比较两种诊断方法之间的差别.方法 回顾性分析临床上行CT或PET-CT检查后诊断为肺癌的患者共48例行电视纵隔镜检查,以术后病理报告为"金标准"推测电视纵隔镜及CT对肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移诊断的灵敏度、特异度、真实性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,并比较电视纵隔镜(VM)与CT在肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断上有无统计学差异.结果 ①本组中患者48例,行VM后结果为阴性有31例,行开胸肺癌根治术,N2期14例,行新辅助化疗2个疗程后再开胸行肺癌根治术;N3期3例,放弃手术而行放化疗治疗为主.开胸术后病理报告结核球2例,炎性假瘤1例,硬化性血管瘤1例,肺癌41例;②以41例病理报告确诊为肺癌的病例为样本推测电视纵隔镜检查对肺癌伴有纵隔淋巴结转移诊断的灵敏度93.3%、特异度100%、真实性97.6%、阳性预测值100%及阴性预测值96.3%;CT对肺癌伴有纵隔淋巴结转移诊断的灵敏度66.7%、特异度53.8%、真实性58.5%、阳性预测值45.5%及阴性预测值73.7%,电视纵隔镜检查的各项指标均高于CT(X2=4.083,P=0.039),有统计学差异;③本研究组的手术并发症发生率2.08%(1/48),并发症为气胸.结论 电视纵隔镜检查对术前肺癌N分期准确性高,优于CT;电视纵隔镜检查安全有效,在胸外科领域的发展前景广阔.     

非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移外科治疗的回顾性研究

通过原发灶切除和淋巴结清扫术对细胞病理学诊断为 N2 M0期非小细胞肺癌病人的治疗 ,分析病人的生存期。 1990～ 2 0 0 0年期间收治的 10 4 3例肺癌病人给予外科手术治疗 ,其中的 15 5例经组织学检查诊断为纵隔淋巴结转移 (N2 M0 )。行胸廓切开术的 130例中的 116例给予原发灶切除和淋巴结清扫术。该 116例中的 2 3例是由纵隔镜检查和 (或 )淋巴结摘除诊断为纵隔淋巴结转移 (N2 C,C3) ,术前已给予新辅助性化疗(方案择用 MFP,连用 3周期 ) ;另外 93例是由开胸手术取得纵隔淋巴结组织的标本 ,诊断为纵隔淋巴结转移 (N2 PM0 ) ,其中的 19…     

cⅠ期周围型NSCLC纵隔淋巴结廓清范围的临床研究

目的:探讨cⅠ期周围型非小细胞肺癌(nonsmall cell lung cancer,NSCLC)纵隔淋巴结合理的廓清范围。方法:回顾性研究196例行系统性纵隔淋巴结廓清的cⅠ期周围型NSCLC患者的临床资料,分析临床病理特征与纵隔淋巴结转移的关系。结果:28例患者术后病理证实为N2,占14.3%(28/196),腺癌、鳞癌患者的纵隔淋巴结转移的发生率分别为18.8%(22/117)、7.6%(6/79),两者相比差异有统计学意义,P=0.023。ⅠA期、ⅠB期患者的发生率分别为7.5%(5/67)、17.8%(23/129),两者相比差异有统计学意义,P=0.049。上叶肿瘤纵隔淋巴结转移80.0%在上纵隔,下叶肿瘤纵隔淋巴结转移76.5%在下纵隔,上、下叶肿瘤均可发生隆突下淋巴结转移。结论:cⅠ期周围型NSCLC应行包括隆突下淋巴结在内的选择性区域纵隔淋巴结廓清。     

155例肺癌患者淋巴结转移的临床研究

背景与目的胸内淋巴结(包括肺门和纵隔)转移是影响肺癌预后的重要因素之一。本研究旨在探讨原发性非小细胞肺癌胸内淋巴结转移特点及转移方式,为确定肺癌术中淋巴结清扫方式提供依据。方法按Naruke肺癌淋巴结分布图作为淋巴结清扫依据,对155例非小细胞肺癌行完全性切除及系统性淋巴结清扫术。结果155例非小细胞肺癌共清除淋巴结1553枚。总转移率为58.7%(91/155),N1占20.0%(31/155),N2占38.7%(60/155),跳跃性N2共9.7%(15/155)。肺原发肿瘤T分期与淋巴结转移之间呈线性关系。淋巴结转移率在各类型非小细胞肺癌间无差异。肺癌淋巴结可呈跳跃式纵隔转移,且区域性转移与非区域性转移均多见。结论肺癌淋巴结转移具有多组别、多区域及跳跃性特点。除临床分期为T1者外,系统性胸内淋巴结清扫在肺癌术中应常规应用。     

电视纵隔镜在PET肺癌纵隔淋巴结显像阳性病例中的应用

背景与目的正电子发射断层成像检查(positron emission tomography,PET)作为非小细胞肺癌无创分期的手段有逐年增加的趋势,但是它在纵隔淋巴结分期中的作用尚不明了。本文探讨了电视纵隔镜检查术在PET肺癌纵隔淋巴结显像阳性病例中的临床价值。方法2003年11月-2008年11月,对宣武医院收治的术前PET检查提示纵隔淋巴结转移的肺癌患者行电视纵隔镜检查术。对纵隔淋巴结进行病理学检查,病理来自纵隔镜或开胸清扫的纵隔淋巴结,分析纵隔镜诊断纵隔淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性等。结果本组61例肺癌患者中,男38例,女23例,平均年龄60岁(年龄41岁-81岁)。其中右肺癌41例,左肺癌20例。45例肺癌患者手术病理证实有纵隔淋巴结转移,其中10例N3的患者接受化疗,38例N2的患者给予2个周期的新辅助化疗,并根据检查结果确定是否接受开胸手术。16例无纵隔淋巴结转移的患者翻身行开胸探查、肺癌切除、纵隔淋巴结清扫术。PET的阳性预测值为73.8%(45/61)。电视纵隔镜在肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期中的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为93.8%(45/48)、100%(13/13)、95.1...     

淋巴结隐匿性微转移对肺癌预后影响的临床研究

目的:诊断肺癌纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移并评价其预后意义.方法:应用逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RTPCR),对58例非小细胞肺癌手术后病理检查阴性(pN0)的242组纵隔淋巴结进行检测,检测淋巴结中MUC1基因mRNA表达,诊断纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移.对患者进行随访,应用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-Rank检验比较生存差别.结果:16例患者的23组纵隔淋巴结中检测到MUC1基因mRNANA达,诊断为纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移,常规病理检查的漏诊率为27.6%.患者的TNM分期由Ⅰa～Ⅱb期上调为ⅢA期.纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移组3年生存7例,生存率为43.7%,无转移组3年生存31例,生存率为73.8%.两组的生存相比较差异显著(P＜0.05).结论:应用RT-PCR法检测纵隔淋巴结中MUC1基因mRNA的表达,可以诊断纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移,提高肺癌TNM分期的准确性;纵隔淋巴结隐匿性微转移与pN0患者预后不良有关.     

Poor correspondence between clinical and pathologic staging in stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer: results from CALGB 9761, a prospective trial

PURPOSE: A major problem with the staging system for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is clinical underestimation of the extent of disease. Many patients with clinical stage 1 disease do not retain that designation following surgical resection. Herein, we present data from Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) protocol 9761 evaluating the correspondence between clinical and pathologic analysis in early stage NSCLC. METHODS: Five hundred and two patients with suspected or biopsy-proven NSCLC classified as clinical stage 1 (T1-2, N0) by computed tomography (CT) scan or cervical mediastinoscopy were prospectively enrolled in CALGB 9761. The purpose of CALGB 9761 was to prospectively evaluate molecular markers of micrometastatic disease in stage 1 NSCLC. Enrollment occurred at 11 selected institutions within the CALGB. Patients with clinically suspected resectable early stage lung cancer were eligible for enrollment if they had no evidence of mediastinal or hilar adenopathy on CT scan or if they had CT evidence of potential N2 or N3 disease (lymph node > or =1.0 cm) but with negative mediastinoscopy. No prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy was permitted. RESULTS: Of the 502 patients felt to have clinical stage 1 NSCLC enrolled in CALGB 9761, 489 underwent resection with complete surgical staging and routine histopathologic analysis. From these 489 patients, only 422 (86.3%) turned out to have pathologically documented NSCLC. Of these 422 patients, 302 (71.6%) had pathologic stage 1 disease (173 stage 1A and 129 stage 1B). Despite clinical assessment of stage 1 disease, 59 (14%) patients had pathologic stage 2 disease, 57 (13.5%) had stage 3 disease, and four (0.9%) patients had stage 4 disease. Of the patients undergoing resection for clinical stage 1 NSCLC, 65 patients did not have NSCLC (44 had benign disease and 21 had malignancies other than NSCLC) and two additional patients had dual synchronous primary NSCLC tumors and were not eligible for the study. Overall, only 61.7% (302 of 489) of patients with suspected stage 1 NSCLC disease retained that stage and diagnosis after complete surgical staging, while 38.3% had an inaccurate pre-operative clinical stage or diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this prospective trial demonstrate the poor predictive value of current clinical staging techniques in early stage NSCLC. These findings will serve as a benchmark for comparison of future clinical imaging modalities and other tests evaluating early stage NSCLC.     

非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移危险因素分析及术前纵隔镜检查的应用策略

目的 探讨纵隔镜技术评估非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)术前纵隔淋巴结状态(是否存在转移)的临床应用策略.方法 2000年10月至2007年6月,对临床连续收治的经病理确诊的临床分期为Ⅰ～Ⅲ期的NSCLC患者152例,分别采用CT和纵隔镜技术评估纵隔淋巴结状态.根据纵隔淋巴结最终病理结果,计算CT下纵隔肺门淋巴结阴性NSCLC的纵隔镜检查阳性率和实际纵隔淋巴结转移发生率.以患者性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、病理类型、肿瘤T分期、肿瘤类型(中央型或外周型)、CT下纵隔淋巴结大小和血清癌胚抗原(CEA)水平等作为预测因子,进行纵隔淋巴结转移危险因素的单因素和多因素分析.结果 69例CT下纵隔肺门淋巴结阴性NSCLC,纵隔镜检查阳性8例,阳性率为11.6%;实际纵隔淋巴结转移14例,发生率为20.1%.62例临床Ⅰ期(cT1～2NOMO)NSCLC,纵隔镜检查阳性7例,阳性率为11.3%;实际纵隔淋巴结转移12例,发生率为19.4%.对全部152例NSCLC患者纵隔淋巴结转移危险因素的分析结果显示,病理类型和CT下纵隔淋巴结大小是纵隔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素.对69例CT下纵隔肺门淋巴结阴性NSCLC患者纵隔淋巴结转移危险因素的分析结果显示,病理类型是纵隔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素.结论 对于CT下纵隔淋巴结短径≥1 cm的NSCLC患者,术前必须进行纵隔镜检查;对于腺癌患者,即使是CT下纵隔肺门淋巴结短径<1 cm,术前也应该进行纵隔镜检查.     

Initial surgical staging of lung cancer

Many patients with early stage lung cancer (stage I and II) are curable by surgical resection. In patients with locally advanced disease surgery plays an important role in order to provide local tumor control. Therefore, the aim of all staging efforts in NSCLC must be to identify all patients, who might be potential candidates for a surgical approach. Current staging tools include imaging techniques like CT- and PET-scan, transthoracic, transbronchial or transeosophageal needle biopsies and finally surgical staging methods including mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). With respect to mediastinal lymph node staging, cervical mediastinoscopy is reported to have a sensitivity between 81 and 89%. This mainly due to the fact, that some lymph node levels (# 8, 9, 5, 6) are not accessible by the standard cervical approach. The morbidity and mortality of cervical mediastinoscopy is in experienced centers only minimal. In series with more than 1000 patients, the mortality was almost 0% and morbidity varied between 0.5 and 1%. Cervical mediastinoscopy can be performed also as an outpatient procedure. In addition to 'simple' lymph node staging, mediastinoscopy clarifies the local resectability of central tumors (T-factor). Currently, cervical mediastinoscopy is recommended by almost all scientific societies in patients with apparently resectable NSCLC who present with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes of >1 cm in short axis diameter. Video-mediastinoscopy allows that the procedure gets even more standardized and preliminary data suggest that the sensitivity might be improved in comparison to conventional mediastinoscopy. Since VATS is widely accepted by the community of thoracic surgeons, it has become an important staging tool in many situations. VATS can be used to rule out or confirm a suspected contralateral lung metastasis. Furthermore, VATS is extremely useful to exclude malignant pleural effusions in otherwise operable patients. This examination can be done in the operating room immediately prior to formal thoracotomy. Additionally, VATS is effective to explore the local resectability in patients with suspected mediastinal infiltration or a lymphangiosis carcinomatosa within the mediastinum. VATS allows an accurate staging of more than 90% of the patients with suspected stage IIIB NSCLC. With respect to lymph node staging, VATS is complimentary to cervical mediastinoscopy because it helps to stage the lymph nodes in the A-P. window (#5, 6), as well as the lymph nodes paraesophageal (#8) and in the pulmonary ligament (#9). In conclusion, surgical staging methods provide a 100% specificity in combination with a high sensitivity and only a minimal morbidity. Currently, surgical staging is recommended by the majority of scientific societies for the staging of patients with apparently resectable NCSLC.     

非小细胞肺癌Ｎ３ 组淋巴结行纵隔镜探查活检指征的探讨

目的：探讨和筛选出对非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）Ｎ_３组淋巴结需行纵隔镜探查活检的临床指征。方法：８９例Ⅰ～ⅢＡ期ＮＳＣＬＣ患者开胸术前行经颈纵隔镜检查,其中１２例联合右斜角肌活检术、１０例联合前纵隔切开术检查Ｎ３组淋巴结的病理状况。结果：纵隔镜检查后共发现９例为不宜再行开胸手术患者,其中３例为右斜角肌淋巴结转移,６例为病灶对侧纵隔淋巴结转移。统计学分析显示,肺腺癌组的Ｎ３发生率高于非腺癌组（Ｐ＜０.０５）,血清ＣＥＡ水平升高组的Ｎ_３发生率高于正常组（Ｐ＜０.０５）,同侧纵隔淋巴结多站转移组的Ｎ_３发生率高于同侧单站转移组（Ｐ＜０.０５）。结论：肺腺癌、血清ＣＥＡ升高和病灶同侧纵隔淋巴结多站转移的ＮＳＣＬＣ,推荐行病灶对侧或斜角肌前淋巴结活检,以排除Ｎ_３病变,为最优化的多学科治疗提供依据。     

Outcomes and cost-effectiveness of alternative staging strategies for non-small-cell lung cancer.

PURPOSE: To identify the optimal strategy for staging the mediastinum of patients with known non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), stratified by tumor (T) classification. METHODS: We used a decision-analytic model to compare the health outcomes and cost-effectiveness of three staging strategies: (1) chest computed tomography alone, (2) selective mediastinoscopy, and (3) routine mediastinoscopy. The overall effectiveness and cost of each strategy was a function of the proportion of patients accurately staged and the risks, benefits, and costs of the diagnostic tests and treatments used. Probability estimates and costs were derived from primary data and the literature. We adopted a societal perspective and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) as cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. RESULTS: Both mediastinoscopy strategies correctly identified more patients with mediastinal involvement (N2/N3 disease) and assigned them to multimodal regimens. Routine mediastinoscopy maximized quality-adjusted life expectancy in all patients, irrespective of T classification, and this result was robust to varying the model estimates over their reported ranges. In T1 patients, selective mediastinoscopy cost $24,500 per QALY gained, compared with $78,800 per QALY gained for routine mediastinoscopy. In T2 and T3 patients, the ICER of routine mediastinoscopy was more favorable ($42,800 and $53,400 per QALY gained, respectively). CONCLUSION: Routine mediastinoscopy maximizes quality-adjusted life expectancy in patients with known NSCLC, and its ICER compares favorably with other currently accepted medical technologies. The survival benefit and cost-effectiveness of this strategy are greater in patients with T2 and T3 tumors and are likely to improve with advances in multimodal therapy.     

Lymph node staging by means of positron emission tomography is less accurate in non-small cell lung cancer patients with enlarged lymph nodes: analysis of 1,145 lymph nodes

BACKGROUND: Despite documented superiority of integrated positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) over computerized tomography (CT) in lymph node staging in non-small cell lung cancer, little is known about the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of integrated PET-CT among enlarged lymph nodes. We sought to assess if PET-CT is uniformly accurate among enlarged and non-enlarged lymph nodes. METHODS: A retrospective review of 206 consecutive patients with histologically proven non-small cell lung cancer who underwent resection and/or mediastinoscopy in our centre over 30 months period was carried out. All these patients had pre-operative staging with integrated PET-CT as an adjunct to chest CT prior to resection and/or mediastinoscopy. Diabetic patients (BM>or=8.0 mmol/l) and those who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. The pathological results of all these cases were reviewed and correlated with those on CT and integrated PET-CT. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values were higher in integrated PET-CT than CT alone in all lymph nodes, whether N1 or N2. When lymph nodes were stratified by size, the sensitivity of PET-CT was significantly higher among enlarged (>1cm) than non-enlarged (1cm) should be with caution as the specificity of PET-CT is lower and its ability to detect truly negative nodes become reduced. NSCLC patients with enlarged nodes by CT criteria who are PET-CT negative may require cervical mediastinoscopy to rule out metastatic spread to these nodes. Prospective studies are warranted.     

Towards a minimally invasive staging strategy in NSCLC: analysis of PET positive mediastinal lesions by EUS-FNA

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To asses the value of endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in the nodal staging of patients with (suspected) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a (18)FDG positron emission tomography (PET) scan suspect for N2/N3 mediastinal lymph node (MLN) metastases. BACKGROUND: Due to the imperfect specificity of positron emission tomography, PET positive MLN should be biopsied in order to confirm or rule out metastasis. Currently, invasive surgical diagnostic techniques such as mediastinoscopy/-tomy are standard procedures to obtain MLN tissue. The minimally invasive technique of EUS-FNA has a high diagnostic accuracy (90-94%) for the analysis of MLN in patients with enlarged MLN on computed tomography of the chest (CT). DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Thirty-six patients with proven n=26 or suspected n=10 non-small cell lung cancer and a PET scan suspect for N2/N3 lymph node metastases underwent EUS-FNA. When EUS-FNA did not confirm metastasis and the PET lesion was within reach of mediastinoscopy, a mediastinoscopy was performed. EUS-FNA negative patients with PET lesions beyond the reach of mediastinoscopy or those with a negative mediastinoscopy were referred for surgical resection of the tumour and MLN sampling or dissection. RESULTS: EUS-FNA confirmed N2/N3 disease in 25 of the 36 patients (69%) and was highly suspicious in one. In the remaining 10 patients, one PET positive and one PET negative N2 metastasis was detected at thoracotomy. The PPV, NPV, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EUS-FNA in analysing PET positive MLN were 100%, 80%, 93%, 100% and 94%, respectively. No complications of EUS-FNA were recorded. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: EUS-FNA yields minimally invasive confirmation of MLN metastases in 69% of the patients with potential mediastinal involvement at FDG PET. The combination of PET and EUS-FNA might qualify as a minimally invasive staging strategy for NSCLC.     

纵隔镜手术在肺癌分期中的应用价值

目的:探讨纵隔镜手术在肺癌纵隔淋巴结分期中的应用价值.方法:回顾性总结1999年11月至2003年7月69例经纵隔镜检查肺癌患者的临床资料,其中颈部纵隔镜手术57例,胸骨旁纵隔镜手术7例,颈部加胸骨旁纵隔镜手术5例.术前所有患者胸部CT均发现纵隔淋巴结肿大(最小直径大于1.0cm).结果:本组69例患者,经纵隔镜检查证实纵隔淋巴结转移(阳性)者50例,未见纵隔淋巴结转移(阴性)者19例.阳性者放弃手术,予以化疗.阴性者中15例中转开胸行肺叶切除或肺楔型切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫,术后病理证实14例纵隔淋巴结未见转移,1例隆突后淋巴结可见癌转移(纵隔镜检查假阴性).纵隔镜手术敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为98.0%、100%和98.5%.全组术后发生声音嘶哑1例,并发症发生率为1.4%(1/69).无围手术期死亡.结论:纵隔镜手术安全、可靠,可作为明确肺癌分期的常规方法.