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1.
Munir F Yarker J Hicks B Donaldson-Feilder E 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2012,22(2):196-208
Introduction Evidence suggests that supervisors’ behaviors have a strong influence on employees’ health and well-being outcomes. Few have
examined the specific behaviors associated with managing an employee back to work following long-term sick leave. This study
describes the development of a behavior measure for Supervisors to Support Return to Work (SSRW) using qualitative and quantitative
research methods. Methods Qualitative data were collected between 2008 and 2010 from a UK population of organisational stakeholders (N = 142), line managers (N = 20) and employees (N = 26). Data from these samples were used to develop a 42 item questionnaire and to validate it using a further sample of
line managers (N = 186) and employees (N = 359). Results Based on a factor structure and reliability results, four scales emerged. The measure demonstrated good internal reliability,
construct and concurrent validity. Longitudinal data analyses demonstrated test–retest reliability and promising predictive
validity. Conclusions This is a potentially valuable tool in research and in organisational settings, both during long-term sick leave and after
employees have returned to work. 相似文献
2.
Nancy C. Cheak-Zamora Kathleen W. Wyrwich Timothy D. McBride 《Quality of life research》2009,18(6):727-735
Objective Evaluate the reliability and validity of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form version 2 (SF-12v2) in the 2003–2004 Medical
Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS).
Research design Data were collected in the self-administered mail-out questionnaire and face-to-face interviews of the MEPS (n = 20,661). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability and construct, discriminate, predictive and concurrent validity
were tested. The EQ-5D, perceived health and mental health questions were used to test construct and discriminate validity.
Self-reported work, physical and cognitive limits tested predictive validity and number of chronic conditions assessed concurrent
validity.
Results Both Mental Component Summary Scores (MCS) and Physical Component Summary Scores (PCS) were shown to have high internal consistency
reliability (α > .80). PCS showed high test–retest reliability (ICC = .78) while MCS demonstrated moderate reliability (ICC = .60).
PCS had high convergent validity for EQ-5D items (except self-care) and physical health status (r > .56). MCS demonstrated moderate convergent validity on EQ-5D and mental health items (r > .38). PCS distinguish between groups with different physical and work limitations. Similarly, MCS distinguished between
groups with and without cognitive limitations. The MCS and PCS showed perfect dose response when variations in scores were
examined by participant’s chronic condition status.
Conclusions Both component scores showed adequate reliability and validity with the 2003–2004 MEPS and should be suitable for use in a
variety of proposes within this database. 相似文献
3.
Sandra Brouwer Boudien Krol Michiel F. Reneman Ute Bültmann Renée-Louise Franche Jac J. L. van der Klink Johan W. Groothoff 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2009,19(2):166-174
Background The aim of this prospective, longitudinal cohort study was to analyze the association between the three behavioral determinants
of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model—attitude, subjective norm and self-efficacy—and the time to return-to-work (RTW)
in employees on long-term sick leave. Methods The study was based on a sample of 926 employees on sickness absence (maximum duration of 12 weeks). The employees filled
out a baseline questionnaire and were subsequently followed until the tenth month after listing sick. The TPB-determinants
were measured at baseline. Work attitude was measured with a Dutch language version of the Work Involvement Scale. Subjective
norm was measured with a self-structured scale reflecting a person’s perception of social support and social pressure. Self-efficacy
was measured with the three subscales of a standardised Dutch version of the general self-efficacy scale (ALCOS): willingness
to expend effort in completing the behavior, persistence in the face of adversity, and willingness to initiate behavior. Cox
proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify behavioral determinants of the time to RTW. Results Median time to RTW was 160 days. In the univariate analysis, all potential prognostic factors were significantly associated
(P < 0.15) with time to RTW: work attitude, social support, and the three subscales of self-efficacy. The final multivariate
model with time to RTW as the predicted outcome included work attitude, social support and willingness to expend effort in
completing the behavior as significant predictive factors. Conclusions This prospective, longitudinal cohort-study showed that work attitude, social support and willingness to expend effort in
completing the behavior are significantly associated with a shorter time to RTW in employees on long-term sickness absence.
This provides suggestive evidence for the relevance of behavioral characteristics in the prediction of duration of sickness
absence. It may be a promising approach to address the behavioral determinants in the development of interventions focusing
on RTW in employees on long-term sick leave. 相似文献
4.
Pierluigi Ballabeni Cyrille Burrus François Luthi Charles Gobelet Olivier Dériaz 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2011,21(1):43-53
Introduction The aim of the present study was to assess the association between remembered previous work place environment and return
to work (RTW) after hospitalisation in a rehabilitation hospital. Methods A cohort of 291 orthopedic trauma patients discharged from hospital between 15 December 2004 and 31 December 2005 was included
in a study addressing quality of life and work-related questions. Remembered previous work environment was measured by Karasek’s
31-item Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), given to the patients during hospitalisation. Post-hospitalisation work status was
assessed 3 months, 1, and 2 years after discharge, using a questionnaire sent to the ex-patients. Logistic regression models
were used to test the role of four JCQ variables on RTW at each time point while controlling for relevant confounders. Results Subjects perceiving a higher physical demand were less likely to return to work 1 year after hospital discharge. Social support
at work was positively associated with RTW at all time points. A high job strain appeared to be positively associated with
RTW 1 year after rehabilitation, with limitations due to large confidence intervals. Conclusions Perceptions of previous work environment may influence the probability of RTW. In a rehabilitation setting, efforts should
be made to assess those perceptions and, if needed, interventions to modify them should be applied. 相似文献
5.
Objective: To assess, from the review literature, the extent to which effective strategies for reducing work absence after acute low back pain (LBP) match empirical risk factors. Methods: From 17 recent review articles (2000–2005), disability risk factors and interventions were cross-tabulated to assess levels of relative concordance. Results: Potentially modifiable risk factors included 23 variables describing 3 workplace and 3 personal domains. Effective interventions included 25 strategies that were personal (physical or behavioral), engineering, or administrative in nature. There was a strong risk factor concordance for workplace technical and organizational interventions, graded activity exposure, and cognitive restructuring of pain beliefs. There was less risk factor concordance for exercise, back education, and RTW coordination. Few interventions focused on relieving emotional distress or improving job dissatisfaction, two well-supported risk factors. Discussion: Gaps between the epidemiological and intervention research of back disability prevention could be reduced by testing mediators of intervention effects or by stratifying outcomes according to pre-intervention risk factors. 相似文献
6.
J. R. Anema A. J. M. Schellart J. D. Cassidy P. Loisel T. J. Veerman A. J. van der Beek 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2009,19(4):419-426
Introduction There are substantial differences in the number of disability benefits for occupational low back pain (LBP) among countries.
There are also large cross country differences in disability policies. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development (OECD) there are two principal policy approaches: countries which have an emphasis on a compensation policy
approach or countries with an emphasis on an reintegration policy approach. The International Social Security Association
initiated this study to explain differences in return-to-work (RTW) among claimants with long term sick leave due to LBP between
countries with a special focus on the effect of different disability policies. Methods A multinational cohort of 2,825 compensation claimants off work for 3–4 months due to LBP was recruited in Denmark, Germany,
Israel, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. Relevant predictors and interventions were measured at 3 months, one
and 2 years after the start of sick leave. The main outcome measure was duration until sustainable RTW (i.e. working after
2 years). Multivariate analyses were conducted to explain differences in sustainable RTW between countries and to explore
the effect of different disability policies. Results Medical and work interventions varied considerably between countries. Sustainable RTW ranged from 22% in the German cohort
up to 62% in the Dutch cohort after 2 years of follow-up. Work interventions and job characteristics contributed most to these
differences. Patient health, medical interventions and patient characteristics were less important. In addition, cross-country
differences in eligibility criteria for entitlement to long-term and/or partial disability benefits contributed to the observed
differences in sustainable RTW rates: less strict criteria are more effective. The model including various compensation policy
variables explained 48% of the variance. Conclusions Large cross-country differences in sustainable RTW after chronic LBP are mainly explained by cross-country differences in
applied work interventions. Differences in eligibility criteria for long term disability benefits contributed also to the
differences in RTW. This study supports OECD policy recommendations: Individual packages of work interventions and flexible
(partial) disability benefits adapted to the individual needs and capacities are important for preventing work disability
due to LBP. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2023,55(2):135-144
ObjectiveTo develop and validate a questionnaire to assess diabetes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intent to change among middle school students.DesignA cross-sectional validation analysis.SettingStudents in 3 urban middle schools in Utah participated in this study.ParticipantsThe 25-item questionnaire was validated in independent samples of 277 and 304 students in the seventh and eighth grades.Variables MeasuredThe questionnaire includes the following variables: diabetes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intent to change dietary and physical activity behaviors.AnalysisRigorous statistical approaches, including Cronbach's α (goodness of fit) calculation, test-retest reliability, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, were employed to examine the reliability and construct validity.ResultsThe Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.7 for both subscales demonstrating acceptable internal consistency. All factor loadings were > 0.4, revealing close relations between factors and items. The confirmatory factor analysis model fit was 0.9 for the comparative fit index and Tucker-Lewis Index, indicating a reasonable model-data fit.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study demonstrated the validity of a diabetes questionnaire for middle school students. Future work is needed to validate its use in a diabetes prevention program, given the growing need for diabetes education among young adolescents. 相似文献
8.
Yohannes Kebede Guda Alemayehu MPH Lakew Abebe MPH Morankar Sudhakar PhD Zewdie Birhanu PhD 《Health & social care in the community》2021,29(5):1391-1400
A two-year school-based malaria education intervention was developed to engage students as implementers in malaria prevention and control in the Oromia region, Ethiopia. The current study aimed to validate messenger students’ engagement scale (MSES) in malaria education. The scale development process was done stepwise. Multiple behavioural theories were examined to derive possible domains of engagement. Next, a pool of items was developed by linking the domains with malaria target behaviours. The items critically reviewed, pretested and refined for clarity and appropriateness. A cross-sectional survey of 451 sample households with school-going children was conducted in five districts of the Jimma-Zone in March-2019. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA)/principal component analysis (PCA) was executed to evaluate the construct validity of the scale. Rotated factor loading coefficients of ≥0.4 were retained. Items loaded on multiple factors were retained on the factor with a higher loading score. Cronbach's alpha of 0.7 was used as the cutoff point for reliability. Discriminative validity was declared based on Pearson correlation (between the extracted factors) coefficients that were moderate (r < 0.7), and less than the respective variance explained (VE) by each factor. The validity of convergence of domains with the overall MSES assessed (0.4 < r < 0.9). Logistic regression for key malaria preventive practices was conducted to assess predictive validity. The study explored a 24-item MSES in six domains of malaria education: reminding, supporting, monitoring, messenger credibility, role modelling and norm setting. The domains explained 67.82% variance of MSES, with a reliability of 93.3%. The factors were convergent with the overall scale (r = 0.764–0.834). Most factors were discriminative, with moderate correlation to each other. Adjusted odds ratios showed engaging credible students in reminding malaria preventive messages and modelling practices predicted exposure to message, insecticide-treated net (ITN) utilisation and cleaning surrounding. The current MSES is reliable, valid and predictive of malaria preventive practices. 相似文献
9.
Evelien P. M. Brouwers Berend Terluin Bea G. Tiemens Peter F. M. Verhaak 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2009,19(4):323-332
Objective To investigate which factors predict return to work (RTW) after 3 and 6 months in employees sick-listed due to minor mental
disorders. Methods Seventy GPs recruited 194 subjects at the start of sick leave due to minor mental disorders. At baseline (T0), 3 and 6 months
later (T1 and T2, respectively), subjects received a questionnaire and were interviewed by telephone. Using multivariate logistic
regression analyses, we developed three prediction models to predict RTW at T1 and T2. Results The RTW rates were 38% after 3 months (T1) and 61% after 6 months (T2). The main negative predictors of RTW at T1 were: (a)
a duration of the problems of more than 3 months before sick leave; and (b) somatisation. The main negative predictors of
RTW at T2 were: (a) a duration of the problems of more than 3 months before sick leave; (b) more than 3 weeks of sick leave
before inclusion in the study; and (c) anxiety. The main negative predictors of RTW at T2 for those who had not resumed work
at T1 were: (a) more than 3 weeks of sick leave before inclusion in the study; and (b) depression at T1. The predictive power
of the models was moderate with AUC-values between 0.695 and 0.763. Conclusions The main predictors of RTW were associated with the severity of the problems. A long duration of the problems before the
occurrence of sick leave and a long duration of sick leave before seeking help predict a relatively small probability to RTW
within 3–6 months. High baseline somatisation and anxiety, and high depression after 3 months make the prospect even worse.
Since these predictors are readily assessable with just a few questions and a symptom questionnaire, this opens the opportunity
to select high-risk employees for a targeted intervention to prevent long-term absenteeism. 相似文献
10.
Kant I Jansen NW van Amelsvoort LG van Leusden R Berkouwer A 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2008,18(1):79-86
Objective To examine the efficacy of structured early consultation among employees at high risk for future long-term sickness absence,
in the prevention and/or reduction of sickness absence. The focus of the experiment was the timing of the intervention, that
is, treatment before sickness absence actually occurs. Methods In the current prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT), employees at high risk for long-term sickness absence were
selected based on responses to a 34-item screening questionnaire including demographic, workplace, health and psychosocial
factors associated with long-term sickness absence (>28 days). A total of 299 subjects at risk for future long-term sickness
absence were randomized in an experimental group (n = 147) or in a control group (n = 152). Subjects in the experimental group received a structured early consult with their occupational physician (OP), in
some cases followed by targeted intervention. The control group received care as usual. Sickness absence was assessed objectively
through record linkage with the company registers on sickness absence over a 1 year follow-up period. Results Modified intention-to-treat analysis revealed substantial and statistically significant differences (p = 0.007) in total sickness absence duration over 1 year follow-up between the experimental (mean 18.98; SD 29.50) and control
group (mean 31.13; SD 55.47). Per-protocol analysis additionally showed that the proportion of long-term sickness absence
spells (>28 days) over 1 year follow-up was significantly (p = 0.048) lower in the experimental (9.1%) versus control group (18.3%). Conclusions Structured early consultation with the OP among employees at high risk for future long-term sickness absence is successful
in reducing total sickness absence. 相似文献
11.
Yukio Soma Kazutoshi Nakamura Mari Oyama Yasuo Tsuchiya Masaharu Yamamoto 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2009,14(2):150-154
Objective Clarifying the characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in childhood is important for the
prevention and management of this disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in
Japanese preschool children based on evaluations performed by parents or teachers.
Methods A questionnaire survey was performed to evaluate the estimated prevalence of ADHD symptoms in preschool children in Niigata
City, Japan. The first survey, conducted in 2003, involved an evaluation of ADHD symptoms by their school teachers. The second
survey, conducted in 2006, involved an evaluation of the symptoms by parents. The teacher survey included 9,956 children,
and the parent survey included 7,566 children. Parents and teachers assessed ADHD symptoms in children using a 14-item questionnaire
based on DSM-III-R. Children with a score of 8 or higher were classified as having ADHD symptoms.
Results The overall prevalence of ADHD symptoms was 2,349/7,566 (31.1%) in the parent survey and 431/9,956 (4.3%) in the teacher survey,
with a prevalence ratio of 7.2 (95% CI: 6.5–7.9). Likelihood ratio test indicated that variables significantly associated
with the presence of ADHD symptoms were gender, age, school type, interaction between gender and observer, and interaction
between school type and observer (each with P < 0.0001).
Conclusions The large difference between the estimated prevalence of ADHD symptoms in Japanese preschool children from teacher and parent
surveys suggests that compared to teachers, parents consider their children’s symptoms much more serious. Thus, parental evaluation
of ADHD symptoms using DSM criteria may be inappropriate for ADHD screening. 相似文献
12.
William S. Shaw Danielle A. van der Windt Chris J. Main Patrick Loisel Steven J. Linton 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2009,19(1):64-80
Objective To develop a consensus plan for research and practice to encourage routine clinician screening of occupational factors associated
with long-term back disability. Methods A 3-day conference workshop including 21 leading researchers and clinicians (the “Decade of the Flags Working Group”) was
held to review the scientific evidence concerning clinical, occupational, and policy factors in back disability and the development
of feasible assessment and intervention strategies. Results The Working Group identified seven workplace variables to include in early screening by clinicians: physical job demands,
ability to modify work, job stress, workplace social support or dysfunction, job satisfaction, expectation for resuming work,
and fear of re-injury. Five evaluation criteria for screening methods were established: reliability, predictive performance,
feasibility, acceptability, and congruence with plausible interventions. An optimal screening method might include a stepped
combination of questionnaire, interview, and worksite visit. Future research directions include improving available assessment
methods, adopting simpler and more uniform conceptual frameworks, and tying screening results to plausible interventions.
Discussion There is a clear indication that occupational factors influence back disability, but to expand clinician practices in this
area will require that patient screening methods show greater conceptual clarity, feasibility, and linkages to viable options
for intervention. 相似文献
13.
Rob Hoedeman Annette H. Blankenstein Boudien Krol Petra C. Koopmans Johan W. Groothoff 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2010,20(2):264-273
Introduction: The primary objectives were to compare the duration of sickness absence in employees with high levels of somatic symptom
severity (HLSSS) with employees with lower levels of somatic symptom severity, and to establish the long-term outcomes concerning
return to work (RTW), disability and discharge. Secondary objective was to evaluate determinants of the duration of sickness
absence in employees with HLSSS. Methods: 489 sick-listed employees registered with five Occupational Health Physician (OHP) group practices were included in this
study. We measured their baseline scores for somatic symptoms severity, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, health anxiety,
distress and functional impairment. The OHPs filled in a questionnaire on their diagnosis. A prospective 2-year follow-up
was carried out to assess the long-term outcomes concerning sickness absence, and retrospective information was gathered with
regard to sickness absence during the 12 months before the employees were sick-listed. Results: The median duration of sickness absence was 78 days longer for employees with HLSSS. They more often remained disabled and
were discharged more often, especially due to problems in the relationship between the employer and the employee. HLSSS, health
anxiety and older age contributed to a longer duration of sickness absence of employees. Conclusion: High levels of somatic symptom severity are a determinant of prolonged sickness absence, enduring disabilities and health-related
job loss. Occupational health physicians should identify employees who are at risk and adhere to guidelines for medically
unexplained somatic symptoms. 相似文献
14.
Christine Dehlendorf Edith Fox Ilana A Silverstein Alexis Hoffman María Paula Campora Pérez Kelsey Holt Reiley Reed Danielle Hessler 《Contraception》2021,103(5):310-315
ObjectivePerson-centeredness is a critical component of quality in family planning. We previously validated an 11-item Interpersonal Quality of Family Planning (IQFP) scale. We sought to create a parsimonious version of the scale in preparation for testing its appropriateness as a patient-reported outcome performance measure.Study designTo explore clarity and importance of each of the 11 items, we conducted English and Spanish cognitive interviews with patients who received contraceptive counseling (n = 33) at 3 publicly funded California clinics. We triangulated these results with psychometric analysis of previously collected IQFP data (n = 1097) to assess validity and reliability of selected item combinations.ResultsThe 11-item IQFP scale was reduced to a 4-item scale (the Person-Centered Contraceptive Counseling scale, or PCCC) that includes items evaluating provider performance regarding respect for patients, information provision, and eliciting and honoring patient preferences for birth control. Interview participants deemed the items included in the 4-item PCCC important and clear in both English and Spanish versions of the instrument. The 4-item PCCC retained the 11-item IQFP's psychometric properties, including internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92 vs 0.97 for the PCCC and IQFP, respectively) and a consistent single factor analysis solution (factor loadings = 0.86–0.92 and 0.81–0.91). The 4-item PCCC additionally retained the construct and predictive validity of the IQFP.ConclusionsThe 4-item PCCC is a valid and reliable as a measure of person-centered contraceptive counseling that reflects patients’ perspectives on contraceptive counseling.ImplicationsPerson-centered measures such as the 4-item PCCC can help inform efforts to improve health care quality. Future work will investigate the validity and reliability of the 4-item PCCC as a performance measure to determine the appropriateness of its use in the quality improvement context. 相似文献
15.
Sandra Brouwer Michiel F. Reneman Ute Bültmann Jac J. L. van der Klink Johan W. Groothoff 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2010,20(1):104-112
Background The aim of the present study was to conduct subgroup-analyses in a prospective cohort of workers on long-term sickness absence
to investigate whether associations between perceived work attitude, self-efficacy and perceived social support and time to
RTW differ across different health conditions. Methods The study was based on a sample of 926 workers on sickness absence (6–12 weeks). The participants filled out a baseline questionnaire
and were subsequently followed until the tenth month after listing sick. Perceived work attitude was measured with a Dutch
language version of the Work Involvement Scale. Perceived social support was measured with a self-constructed standardized
scale reflecting a person’s perception of social support regarding RTW. Self-efficacy was measured with the standardised Dutch
version of the General self-efficacy scale, assessing the subjects’ expectations of their general capacities. The sample was
divided into three subgroups: musculoskeletal health conditions, other physical health conditions and mental health conditions.
Anova analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify differences in association between the
three factors and the time to RTW between different subgroups. Results The associations between the perceived work attitude, self-efficacy and perceived social support and the time to RTW vary
across different health condition subgroups, not only with regard to the strength of the association but also for the type
of factor. In the multivariate model, hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.33 (95% CI 1.01–1.75) in the musculoskeletal subgroup, and
1.26 (95% CI 0.89–1.78) in the other physical subgroup were found in perceived work attitude. With regard to perceived social
support HRs of 1.39 (95% CI 1.12–1.99) respectively 1.51 (1.05–2.17) in the same subgroups were found. Only self-efficacy
remained in the multivariate model in all subgroups with HRs of 1.49 (95% CI 1.12–1.99) in the musculoskeletal subgroup, 1.53
(95% CI 1.07–2.18) in the other physical subgroup and 1.60 (1.07–2.40) in the mental subgroup. Conclusions The results of this study show that perceived work attitude, self-efficacy and perceived social support are relevant predictors
with regard to the time to RTW in all types of health conditions, but that important differences are observed in type of factor
and strengths of the relationships between physical and mental health conditions. 相似文献
16.
Martijn W. Heymans Johannes R. Anema Stef van Buuren Dirk L. Knol Willem van Mechelen Henrica C. W. de Vet 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2009,19(2):155-165
Background From the viewpoint of cost prevention, it is necessary to identify patients that are of high risk for long-term work disability,
production loss and sick-leave. Methods Secondary data analysis in a cohort of 628 workers on sick-leave between 3 and 6 weeks due to low back pain (LBP). The association
of a broad set of demographic, work, LBP and psychosocial related factors on lasting return to work was studied using Cox
regression analysis with backward selection. The most relevant factors were used to derive a clinical prediction rule to determine
the risk of sick-leave of more than 6 months. Variable and model selection and clinical model performance were performed with
bootstrapping techniques. Also the test characteristics of the clinical model were considered. Results Longer work absence is related to “moderate” to “poor” job satisfaction, a higher score of fear avoidance beliefs, higher
pain intensity at baseline, a longer duration of complaints and being of female gender. Calibration and discrimination of
the clinical prediction rule were 0.90 (slope) and 0.63 (c-index), respectively. The explained variance of 6% of the prediction
rule was low and the clinical performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values at
specific cut-off points was moderate. Conclusions Our study confirmed the importance of demographic, work, LBP and psychosocial related factors on the prediction of long-term
sick-leave. When these factors were used to derive a clinical prediction rule the performance was moderate. As a consequence,
prudence has to be taken when using the prediction rule in practice. 相似文献
17.
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures predict cause-specific mortality, but few studies have explored whether generic
self-reported HRQOL measures are independently associated with mortality in community-dwelling older persons. We postulated
that a general measure of HRQOL, the short form 36-item questionnaire (SF-36), would be independently predictive of mortality
among community-dwelling older persons. To evaluate this hypothesis, we followed a fixed cohort of 4,424 community-dwelling
older persons recruited from a 2000 population-based survey in Taiwan until 2003 and investigated whether HRQOL was predictive
of 3-year mortality, even after adjusting for traditional clinical risk variables. The data were collected via a door-to-door
survey, and interviewers collected information on the subjects’ demographics, medical history, utilization of health services,
functional ability, falls, and self-reported physical and mental symptoms. Of the 6053 eligible subjects, 4,424 residents
agreed to participate in the baseline survey and were contacted in 2003. During the 3-year period, the 3-year cumulative mortality
rate for the study population was 5%. Mortality was significantly higher among males (5.57% vs. 4.27%, p = 0.049), and cumulative mortality increased with age (χ
2-test for trend; χ
2 = 7.734, p = 0.001). For all scales except bodily pain, there was a significant relationship between a 10-point lower baseline score
and mortality. Our primary multivariate risk model, which included two summary measures of HRQOL and significant clinical
variables, demonstrated that a 10-point decrease in either the baseline Physical Component Summary (PCS) score or the baseline
Mental Component Summary (MCS) score was associated with higher mortality (PCS: RR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.39–1.83; p < 0.001; MCS: RR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01–1.34; p = 0.036). The findings suggested that low baseline PCS and MCS scores were important independent risk factors for 3-year
mortality among community-dwelling older persons, even after adjusting for other risk factors. 相似文献
18.
Inspired by research showing that wanting (one’s motivation to engage in an activity) often diverges from liking (one’s enjoyment of the activity), this article details the development and validation of a new measure to examine the distinction
between sexual wanting and liking within a relationship: the partner-specific sexual liking and wanting (PSSLW) scale. In
Study 1, participants (N = 1145; 63% female) completed items intended to measure PSSLW. Factor analysis supported a 15-item two-factor solution that
explained 64.7% of the total variance. The partner-specific sexual liking (PSSL) subscale (Cronbach’s α = .93) and the partner-specific sexual wanting (PSSW) subscale (Cronbach’s α = .87) showed good internal validity. Test–retest reliability on a subsample (n = 30) was high (Pearson’s r = .75). In Study 2, participants (N = 67; 71.6% female) completed the PSSLW scale and additional measures of satisfaction and desire. Both scales displayed satisfactory
discriminant and convergent validity. In Study 3, participants (N = 2589; 45.3% female) completed the PSSLW scale and answered questions about sexual behavior within their relationships.
The two subscales were distinctly correlated with measures of self-reported behavior. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis
(CFA) yielded a good-fit two-factor model, where the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = .97, Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) = .96, and
root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .06. Data from these three studies suggested that PSSLW were distinct, measurable,
and valid constructs that have the potential to enrich future studies of sexual experience and behavior within sexual partnerships. 相似文献
19.
J. M. H. Schellekens F. I. Abma H. P. G. Mulders S. Brouwer 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2010,20(4):512-525
Background The Perceived Functioning & Health (PFH) questionnaire was developed to collect, in a standardized manner, which work activities
are limited due to health conditions according to the perception of the client. In this study the questionnaire’s reliability
and validity are investigated. Methods The PFH questionnaire is comprised of 147 questions, distributed over 33 scales, pertaining to the client’s psychosocial
and physical work limitations. The PFH data of 800 respondents were analyzed: 254 healthy employees, 408 workers on sick leave
and 138 recipients of a disability pension. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) for the scales was established. The test–retest
reliability was examined for the data of 52 recipients of a disability pension who filled out the PFH twice within an interval
of 1 month. Validation was established by taking the nature of the limitations as a criterion: mental limitations, physical
limitations or a mix of both. To this end, the respondents were divided into groups distinguished on the basis of self-classification,
as well as classification on the basis of disease codes given by insurance and occupational health physicians: a “healthy” group, subjects with only physical (“physical” group) or mental limitations (“mental” group) or mixed limitations (“mixed” group). The scale scores of these groups were compared and tested using analyses-of-variance and discriminant analyses. Results The scales were found to have sufficient to good internal consistency (mean Cronbach’s-α = 0.79) and test–retest reliability
(mean correlation r = 0.76). Analyses-of-variance demonstrated significant differences between the scores of the mental, physical and healthy groups on most of the expected scales. These results were found both in groups defined by self-classification as well as
in groups based on disease codes. Moreover, discriminant analyses revealed that the a priori classification of the respondents
into three groups (mental, physical, healthy) for more than 75% of them corresponded with the classification on the basis of scale scores obtained from the questionnaire.
Furthermore, limitations due to specific types of complaints (low back pain, fatigue, concentration problems) or diagnosed
disorders (musculoskeletal disorders, reactive disorders, endogenous disorders) were clearly reflected in the scores of the
related scales of the PFH. Conclusion The psychometric properties of the PFH with respect to reliability and validity were satisfactory. The PFH would appear to
be an appropriate instrument for systematically measuring functional limitations in subjects on sick leave and in those receiving
disability pensions, and could be used as a starting point in a disability claim procedure. 相似文献
20.
Lexis MA Jansen NW van Amelsvoort LG Huibers MJ Berkouwer A Tjin A Ton G van den Brandt PA Kant IJ 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2012,22(2):262-269
Introduction To study the properties of a screening instrument in predicting long-term sickness absence among employees with depressive
complaints. Methods Employees at high risk of future sickness absence were selected by the screening instrument Balansmeter (BM). Depressive
complaints were assessed with the depression scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The total study population
consisted of 7,401 employees. Sickness absence was assessed objectively and analyzed at 12 and 18 months of follow-up using
company registers on certified sick leave. Results The relative risk (RR) for long-term sickness absence, for employees at high risk versus not at high risk, was 3.26 (95%
CI 2.54–4.22) in men and 2.55 (1.98–3.35) in women, when the BM was applied in the total study population. The RR of long-term
sickness absence of employees with depressive complaints compared with employees without depressive complaints was 3.13 (2.41–4.09)
in men and 2.45 (2.00–3.00) in women. The RR of long-term sickness absence for the BM applied in employees with depressive
complaints was 5.23 in men and 3.87 in women. When the BM with a cut-off point with a higher sensitivity was applied in employees
with depressive complaints, the RR for long-term sickness absence was 4.88 in men and 3.80 in women. Conclusions The screening instrument Balansmeter is able to predict long-term sickness absence within employees with depressive complaints.
The total prediction of long-term sickness absence proved better in employees with depressive complaints compared with employees
of a general working population. 相似文献