玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障的超声乳化手术治疗

目的 探讨玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障的超声乳化手术治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析了2001年1月至2007年5月玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障共256例256只眼.玻璃体切除术后时间6～24月,平均15.2月,玻璃体切除术后视力开始下降即白内障发生时间1～21月,平均8.9月.采用超声乳化白内障摘除+人工晶状体植入术,其中玻璃体腔液体灌注组132例,无玻璃体腔液体灌注组124例,观察术中、术后并发症、术后视力等.结果 (1)术后3月,256只眼术后视力都有不同程度的提高.(2)无玻璃体腔液体灌注组术中后囊破裂10例,其中晶状体核坠入玻璃体腔5例,玻璃体腔液体灌注组术中后囊破裂1例,其中晶状体核坠入玻璃体腔0例,差别有统计学意义(χ2=6.61,P<0.025).(3)无玻璃体腔液体灌注组术后脉络膜脱离3例,玻璃体腔液体灌注组1例,差别无统计学意义(χ2=0.321,P>0.50).结论 玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障的超声乳化手术治疗时玻璃体液体灌注可以有效减少术中并发症.     

超声乳化手术治疗玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障

目的探讨玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障的超声乳化手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析了2007年1月至2009年3月玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障共106例（100只眼）,玻璃体切除术后时间7—23个月,平均13．4个月。采用超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,其中玻璃体腔液体灌注组55只眼,无玻璃体腔液体灌注组51只眼,观察术中、术后并发症以及术后视力等。绪果术后3个月,106只眼术后视力都有不同程度的提高;无玻璃体腔液体灌注组术中后囊破裂13只跟,其中晶状体核坠入玻璃体腔5只眼,玻璃体腔液体灌注组术中后囊破裂2只眼,无晶状体核坠人玻璃体腔病例,差别有统计学意义（χ^2=10．04,P〈0．01）;无玻璃体腔液体灌注组术后脉络膜脱离3只眼,玻璃体腔液体灌注组2只眼,差别无统计学意义（χ^2=0．29,P〉0．05）。结论玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障的超声乳化手术治疗时,玻璃体腔液体灌注可以有效减少术中并发症。     

玻璃体灌注下白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨玻璃体切割术后的白内障患者行玻璃体灌注下的白内障超声乳化术特点、手术并发症和视力预后。方法对52例52只眼玻璃体切除术后白内障行玻璃体灌注下的白内障超声乳化术，观察记录术中情况、术中术后并发症和视力预后。结果2只眼在白内障超声乳化术中出现“灌注偏离综合症”，39只眼可见角膜后壁细小灰白色乳化硅油集聚并排出眼外。所有病例未出现巩膜塌陷、晶状体掉入玻璃体腔等术中并发症，11只眼术中发现后囊混浊机化，其中9只眼行后囊连续环行撕囊术并植入后房型人工晶状体，2例撕除全部后囊植入前房型人工晶状体。52只眼术后视力较术前提高，术后并发症少。结论对曾行硅油填充、虹膜后粘连、小瞳孔、多次手术后低眼压、怀疑晶状体损伤的复杂性玻璃体切割术后白内障患者在超声乳化术中应行玻璃体腔液体灌注以利手术操作和减少手术并发症，提高手术质量。     

玻切联合硅油填充术后并发性白内障的手术治疗

探讨白内障超声乳化吸除+硅油取出+人工晶状体植入+后囊膜环形切除术治疗玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术后并发性白内障的疗效。 方法：回顾分析2007-11/2011-11玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术后白内障患者102例102眼,距离玻璃体手术时间3~9（平均6.1）mo,采用玻璃体腔灌注,先行白内障超声乳化手术,前房注入黏弹剂,行硅油置换,然后人工晶状体植入,环形后囊切开,观察术中、术后并发症,术后视力等。 结果：术后 4wk,102例102眼中,97眼视力不同程度提高,5眼术后视力无改善;后囊破裂2例,无晶状体核坠入玻璃体,无脉络膜脱离。 结论：玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术后行白内障超声乳化吸除+硅油取出+人工晶状体植入+后囊膜环形切除术治疗玻璃体切割联合硅油填充术后并发性白内障,可有效减少术中、术后并发症,同时避免二次手术所带来的风险。     

玻璃体切除术后白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术

目的 :评价玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障的超声乳化人工晶体植入术的临床疗效。方法 :对 6 9例 ( 72眼 )玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障患者均采用玻璃体腔液体灌注维持眼内压行白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术 ,其中硅油填充眼 2 1眼联合行经瞳孔硅油取出术 ,术后观察术眼视力、术后并发症等。结果 :术后三月 ,72眼中共 6 6眼术后视力提高 ,其中单纯性玻璃体切除术并发性白内障术后视力≥ 0 3共 2 7眼 ,玻璃体切除联合气体 /硅油填充术并发性白内障术后视力≥ 0 1共 2 5眼 ,术后视力低下的主要原因为术前眼底疾病及术后并发症。结论 :对玻璃体切除术后并发性白内障 ,超声乳化人工晶体植入术 ,是目前最理想的手术方法     

超声乳化白内障摘除在玻璃体切除术后的应用体会

目的:探讨玻璃体切除术后超声乳化白内障摘除的手术经验。方法:对玻璃体切除术后的并发性白内障患者62例62眼施行了超声乳化白内障摘除术联合人工晶状体植入术。结果:术后47眼视力有不同程度提高,15眼因视神经萎缩和黄斑病变未见改善。均未发生晶状体或晶状体核脱入玻璃体腔等并发症。结论:熟练规范掌握常规超声乳化手术各步骤是成功实施玻璃体切除术后行白内障超声乳化摘除术的关键。     

玻璃体切除术后白内障放置后节眼内灌注行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术

目的:探讨玻璃体切除术后白内障在行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术时放置后节眼内灌注的临床效果。方法:对31例35眼玻璃体切除术后的白内障患者行超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术,手术时常规放置后节眼内灌注,观察术后视力、眼底状况及手术并发症。结果:35眼中,术后最佳矫正视力≥0.5者4眼,0.3～0.4者8眼,0.1～0.2者18眼,数指～0.1者5眼;并发症:角膜轻度水肿4例,玻璃体出血1眼,脉络膜脱离1眼,术后晶状体后囊混浊2眼。结论:玻璃体切除术后发生的白内障,在选择超声乳化摘出及人工晶状体植入术的同时,放置后节眼内灌注是一种比较安全而有效的方法。     

玻璃体切除术后白内障摘除及人工晶体植入术

目的：探讨玻璃体切除术后的白内障手术技巧及术式的选择。方法：玻璃体腔灌注维持眼内压、行白内障囊外摘除或超声乳化或（和）人工晶体植入术。结果：本文对18例玻璃体除术后白内障患者中,8例行囊外摘除及人工晶体植入术,5例行超声乳化及人工晶体植入术,5例单纯囊外摘除术。13例术后视力≥0.1占72％,8例视力≥0．3占44％,术后视力无改善及下降者5例占27．7％。手术并发症有晶体核脱位至玻璃体腔内1例、玻璃体出血1例。结论：玻璃体切除术后的白内障手术必须应用玻璃体腔体灌注维持及调整眼内压;对于白内障核硬化明显的患者,白内障囊外摘除比超声乳化更适用。     

手术治疗糖尿病性白内障60眼临床分析

目的:分析小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术和超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术治疗糖尿病性白内障的疗效及并发症。方法:选择2006-01/2010-01确诊为糖尿病性白内障患者52例60眼,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级核47眼,采用超声乳化白内障吸除后房型人工晶状体植入术;Ⅳ～Ⅴ级核13眼,采用小切口白内障囊外摘出后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果:糖尿病患者52例60眼白内障术后视力均有不同程度的提高,其中50眼(83%)术后1wk裸眼视力≥0.4。术中术后主要并发症经处理对术后视力无影响。结论:对糖尿病性白内障患者采取恰当的术式,施行小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术或超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术疗效肯定。     

高度近视白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术

目的探讨高度近视白内障摘出人工晶状体手术的临床效果.方法111眼高度近视白内障患者分成两组,一组行超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,另一组行现代白内障囊外摘出联合人工晶状体植入术.分别对两组术后视力,角膜散光及并发症进行对比分析.结果术后1周,超声乳化组及囊外摘出组最好矫正视力≥0.3者分别为75%和69%;平均角膜散光分别为(1.25±0.55)D和(3.72±1.38)D;术后并发症角膜水肿分别为10%和20%,后囊破裂分别为5%和8%,视网膜脱离发生率分别为0%和2.85%.结论超声乳化人工晶状体植入术和白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术均适于高度近视白内障患者,但前者具有散光小、反应轻、视力恢复快、手术并发症少等优点.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Current Thoughts on the Aetiology of Ocular Changes during Contact Lens Wear

ABSTRACT: Contact lenses are known to produce changes to the ocular tissues, and this review attempts to give a comprehensive assemblage of the knowledge on the aetiology of such changes. To achieve this result, the changes are categorized by structure and function, and discussed according to the temporal nature of occurrence where appropriate. Although assessment of the importance of a particular tissue change is difficult, this overview enables some degree of judgement to be made on the aetiology of the major side-effects of contact lens wear. This gives a basis on which to modify aspects of contact lens wear to ultimately increase the success rate.     

The detection of motion in chromatic stimuli: first-order and second-order spatial structure

This study provides evidence for the existence of a low-level chromatic motion mechanism and further elucidates the conditions under which its operation becomes measurable in an experimental stimulus. Observers discriminated the direction of motion of amplitude modulated (AM) gratings that were defined by luminance or chromatic variation and masked with spatiotemporally broadband luminance or chromatic noise. The size and retinal location of the stimuli were varied and the effects of broadband noise and grating masks were both compared with the cohort of stimuli. Some significant disparities in the published literature were well explained by the results. In conclusion, evidence for a chromatically sensitive motion mechanism that evades the, detrimental effects of a luminance mask was found only at the fovea and only when the stimulus was small and centrally placed.     

Local chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of ocular malignancies

We critically analyze available peer-reviewed literature, including clinical trials and case reports, on local ocular cancer treatments. Recent innovations in many areas of ocular oncology have introduced promising new therapies, but, for the most part, the optimal treatment of ocular malignancies remains elusive.