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目的 探讨壶腹周围憩室（PAD）与胆道疾病的关系以及内镜诊断PAD铁应用价值。方法 选择284例经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）检查确诊合并有PAD的病人（PAD组）与同期经ERCP检查无PAD的病人（对照组）作为对照研究。胆道疾病根据病史，体征，结合实验室检查，B超，CT以及ERCP等确诊。结果 PAD组合并胆囊结石，胆总管结石，胆总管下端括约肌功能不良病人明显多于对照组，尤以胆总管结石增多为著（P＜0．01）。结论 PAD与胆道疾病，尤其是胆管结石存在着密切关系，PAD可能是胆道疾病发生或复发的一个重要因素，对胆道疾病病人行ERCP检查以了解PAD与胆道的关系，从而选择合适的治疗方案，对提高胆道疾病的治愈率有重要意义。     

十二指肠乳头周围憩室与胆道疾病关系的探讨

目的探讨十二指肠乳头周围憩室（periampullary diverticula，PAD）与胆道疾病的关系。方法选择经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）检查确诊合并有PAD的125例（PAD组）与同期经ERCP检查无PAD的125例（对照组）作对照研究。胆道疾病通过B型超声、CT及ERCP等检查确诊。结果PAD组合并胆囊结石、胆总管结石、胆总管下端括约肌功能不良的病人明显多于对照组，尤以胆总管结石增多为主，两组相比较有非常显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论PAD与胆道疾病尤其是胆管结石存在着密切关系，可能是导致胆道疾病发生的一个重要因素。     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室对胆道疾病与ERCP插管的影响

目的回顾性探究十二指肠乳头旁憩室对胆道疾病与ERCP插管的影响,以及探究胆总管结石复发的危险因素。方法对我院行ERCP取石的970例胆石症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。按有无PAD分为PAD组和非PAD组,探究PAD对原发性胆总管结石、胆管炎、胆总管直径、结石的个数和大小、及ERCP插管成功率的影响;按有无结石复发把原发性胆总管结石分为复发和未复发两组,探究结石复发的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析显示PAD组原发性胆总管结石、胆管炎、结石直径1.0cm与无PAD组差异有统计学意义;Logistic多元回归分析发现,胆管炎、胆总管直径1.5cm、胆道手术、单次住院行ERCP次数≥2次为结石复发的独立危险因素。结论 PAD与原发性胆总管结石、胆管炎、结石直径1.0cm有密切联系;胆管炎、胆总管直径1.5cm、胆道手术、单次住院行ERCP次数≥2次为结石复发的独立危险因素。     

Bus与ERCP对胆道系统结石诊断的评价

本文报告164例经Bus、ERCP与手术证实的胆石症患者。Bus操作简单、无损伤,对胆囊结石、胆总管结石、肝内胆管结石的确诊率分别为97.7％、80％、87.5％。ERCP操作复杂,费用较高,对胆囊结石、胆总管结石、肝内胆管结石的确诊率分别为65.5％、97.7％、65.5％。因此胆道系统结石的诊断应常规或首选Bus,如无法确诊则再选用ERCP。     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室与胆胰疾病的关系

目的 探讨十二指肠乳头旁憩室(PAD)与胆胰疾病的关系.方法 通过十二指肠镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)镜下观察PAD的特点,分析PAD与胆胰疾病的发病关系.结果 PAD患者发病随年龄增大而升高,PAD患者胆道结石构成比明显高于非PAD组(P<0.001),其中原发性胆总管结石(P=0.004)和胆道探查术后复发性胆总管结石(P=0.022)高于非PAD组.边缘型PAD并发胆道结石高于并列型和包绕型(P=0.028),PAD直径3.0以上并发胆道结石高于PAD直径3.0以下患者(P=0.001).PAD组胰头癌发病率与非PAD组有显著统计学差异(P<0.001).结论 十二指肠乳头旁憩室可能是胆胰疾病的病因之一.     

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆囊结石合并胆总管结石复发的危险因素分析

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石复发的危险因素。 方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年3月沭阳县人民医院诊断为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者87例,均行ERCP联合LC术治疗。根据患者术后结石复发情况分为复发组与非复发组,对比两组患者一般情况、术者经验、胆道情况、结石情况。单因素分析以及多因素Logistic回归分析术后结石复发的危险因素。 结果87例患者术后随访32~60个月,中位随访时间为48个月,未复发组66例,复发组21例,中位复发时间15.0（95% CI=12.5~20.0）个月,术后1、2、3年复发率分别为8.0%、23.0%、24.1%,复发主要集中于术后2年内。单因素分析显示,胆道感染、胆道狭窄、胆总管夹角、结石数量、结石大小、乳头旁憩室情况影响胆囊结石合并胆总管结石复发（均P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,胆总管夹角（OR=0.196,95% CI=0.044~0.877）、胆道感染（OR=6.894,95% CI=1.698~27.984）、乳头旁憩室（OR=10.554,95% CI=2.134~52.197）、胆道口括约肌切开（OR=17.803,95% CI=3.342~94.845）是胆囊并胆总管结石术后复发的独立危险因素。 结论合并胆总管夹角过小、胆道感染、乳头旁憩室及术中括约肌切开的患者,ERCP联合LC术后结石更容易复发,对临床的预防和治疗有一定借鉴意义。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影与术前ERCP诊治可疑胆总管结石的临床比较

目的：比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparosocopic cholecystectomy,LC）术中胆道造影与术前ERCP对诊治可疑胆总管结石的临床价值。方法：回顾分析2005年3月至2006年11月于LC术中行胆道造影43例患者与术前行ERCP63例患者的临床资料。结果：术中胆道造影组发现胆总管结石16例,阳性率占37.21%,造影不成功2例,占4.65%,无明显造影并发症,术前ERCP组发现胆总管结石19例,阳性率占30.16%,不成功13例,占20.63%,致术后胆道感染12例,急性胰腺炎9例,占33.33%。结论：术中胆道造影不仅简便,而且患者痛苦小,并发症少,治疗费用低,明显优于术前ERCP检查。     

B超、磁共振胆胰管成像、内镜逆行胰胆管造影术在诊断胆总管结石中的价值

目的 探讨B超、磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)、内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)在胆总管结石诊断中的价值.方法 收集2005年8月至2007年10月怀疑为胆总管结石且同时行B超、MRCP、ERCP的患者384例,对3种检查方法 进行比较分析.结果 384例患者中,最后经ERCP确诊胆总管结石者370例;B超诊断胆总管结石者268例,其中8例为假阳性,诊断准确率为70.3%(260/370);MRCP诊断362例,其中6例为假阳性,诊断准确率96.2%(356/370).有7例患者MRCP发现有胆总管结石和胆总管扩张,ERCP造影仅发现胆总管扩张,但在用取石网篮和取石气囊清理胆道时取出小结石.结论 B超对于胆总管结石的诊断具有一定的准确率,可作为最基本的检查手段,MRCP和ERCP对于胆总管结石的诊断具有较高的一致性,MRCP可部分替代诊断性ERCP,联合应用MRCP和ERCP可提高胆管结石诊断准确率.     

经内镜乳头括约肌小口切开并放置塑料支架分期治疗巨大或多发胆总管结石

【摘要】目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）Ⅰ期先行乳头括约肌小口切开并放置塑料支架解除梗阻,一月后再Ⅱ期取石,分期治疗巨大或多发胆总管结石的临床应用的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年12月在我科住院首次行ERCP治疗的72例直径≥20mm或结石数量≥3粒的胆总管结石患者,分为观察组（一期ERCP放置支架,1月后二期取石,n=36）;对照组（一期治疗组,n=36）。观察和比较两组病例术后结石清除率,ERCP后胰腺炎（PEP）、重症胰腺炎发生,术后出血、胆道感染发生情况。结果在术后结石清除率方面观察组34例（94.4%）与对照组31例（91.2%）,比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组ERCP术后胰腺炎1例,对照组有8例（P<0.05）;观察组无重症胰腺炎发生,对照组发生2例;观察组1例发生术后出血,对照组则有6例发生（P<0.05）;观察组没有发生术后胆道感染,对照组发生5例（P<0.05）。结论内镜下乳头括约肌小切开并放置塑料支架分期取石术治疗巨大或多发胆总管结石是安全、有效、可行的。     

胆总管结石行内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术治疗后结石复发的相关危险因素分析

目的对影响胆总管结石（CBDS）患者行内镜下逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）术治疗后结石复发的相关危险因素进行研究并分析。 方法选取2014年3月至2017年3月在上海第六人民医院行ERCP术治疗的患者200例,将术后CBDS复发86例患者作为观察组,术后CBDS未复发114例作为对照组,结合两组患者资料进行单因素分析,对筛选出的危险因素进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析。 结果观察组患者年龄、病程、胆总管直径、有胆道手术史、胆道狭窄、有乳头旁憩室、结石大小（≥10 mm）、结石数量（≥2枚）的例数均显著多于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;多因素分析显示,年龄、有胆道手术史、乳头旁憩室、结石数量≥2枚、胆总管直径、结石大小（直径≥10 mm）为患者术后复发的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论患者年龄、有既往胆道手术史、合并乳头旁憩室、结石数量≥2枚、胆总管直径≥10 mm是CBDS胰胆管造影术后复发独立危险因素。     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室与胆结石的关系（附92例分析）

目的 探讨十二指肠憩室在胆结石发病中的作用。方法 回顾性分析广州市番禺中心医院行逆行胰胆管造影检查的462例患者,其中合并乳头憩室92例（憩室组）,无合并乳头憩室370例（非憩室组）。分析比较两组患者年龄、胆结石的发病率、结石发生部位及结石成分方面的差异。结果 本组462例患者中,憩室组92例,占19.9%。憩室组平均年龄61.8岁,明显高于非憩室组(61.8 vs 51.2岁,P<0.O1),且憩室发生率随年龄的增大而增高(P<0.01)。本组发现患者中,72例十二指肠憩室合并胆结石,憩室合并胆结石发生率78.3%,而非憩室组370例中仅97例合并胆结石,占26.2%。十二指肠憩室组并结石的发生率明显高于非憩室组。本组中乳头旁憩室胆结石发生率明显高于乳头周围型憩室者,有显著性差异。乳头旁憩室患者的原发性胆总管结石发生率明显高于继发性胆总管结石及胆囊结石,且结石成分主要为胆色素结石。结论 十二指肠乳头旁憩室患者胆结石发病率显著增高,且主要与原发性胆总管结石相关。     

Periampullary Diverticulum May Be an Important Factor for the Occurrence and Recurrence of Bile Duct Stones

Background

The aim of this study was to examine the relation between periampullary diverticula (PAD) and biliary tract stones.

Methods

A total of 732 cases of patients with PAD identified from among 6,221 patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were compared to 750 controls (without PAD) in terms of biliary stone formation, incidence of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), and choledocholithiasis. The biliary tract diseases were diagnosed based on medical history, clinical symptoms and signs, and imaging findings using ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.

Results

The PAD group contained a significantly larger number of patients with biliary stones including stones in the primary common bile duct, SOD with bile duct stones (p?<?0.05), and choledocholithiasis after cholecystectomy (p?<?0.01).

Conclusions

There is a close correlation between PAD and the formation of biliary tract stones. A particularly close correlation was found between PAD and choledocholithiasis after cholecystectomy. PAD may be an important risk factor for the occurrence or recurrence of biliary tract stones.     

Periampullary diverticula: consequences of failed ERCP.

Periampullary diverticula (PAD) are associated with biliary disease and contribute to failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), especially in elderly patients. The presence of PAD and causes of failure to cannulate the ampulla were noted in 1211 consecutive patients undergoing ERCP. Case notes of 100 consecutive patients with PAD were reviewed retrospectively. Overall prevalence of PAD was 9%. Prevalence was higher in patients > or = 75 years when compared with those < 75 years (19.2% vs 4.8%, P < 0.0001). Ampullary cannulation was successful in 62.4% of patients with PAD and 92.7% without PAD (P < 0.0001). Success rates were lower in patients with intradiverticular papillae than in those with juxtapapillary diverticula (38.1% vs 77.6%; P < 0.0001). Of 19 patients with PAD who did not have any imaging other than ultrasound, 16 were asymptomatic over a median follow-up of 20 months. Biliary surgery was performed on 35 patients, with no major complication. PAD are a major cause of failed ERCP. Failure rates are higher in patients with intradiverticular papillae than juxtapapillary diverticula. Though a large proportion of patients not imaged remain asymptomatic on follow-up, it is difficult to predict which patients may form this group. Surgery, when indicated, is safe and effective in elderly patients in whom ERCP has failed.     

The association of biliary and pancreatic anomalies with periampullary duodenal diverticula. Correlation with clinical presentations

Fifty-eight symptomatic patients with periampullary duodenal diverticula (PDD) were examined for pancreatic and biliary anomalies using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), ultrasonography, and other imaging modalities. The pathologic findings in these patients were compared with those in a matched group of 58 patients without PDD, who were simultaneously undergoing a similar investigation for the same clinical presentations. Pathologic findings in the pancreas and/or biliary tree were detected in 70.7% of all patients with PDD, compared with 39.7% in the control group. In patients with PDD, pancreatobiliary anomalies were detected in all patients who presented with jaundice, 85% of patients with pancreatitis, and 27.8% of patients with abdominal pain, as compared with 60%, 40%, and 17%, respectively, in the control group. In 23 patients, ERCP findings demonstrated pancreatobiliary abnormalities that were not detected by other imaging modalities. Fifteen of the patients with PDD and pancreatobiliary anomalies had undergone cholecystectomy between six months and five years previously. We conclude that ERCP is essential in the investigation of all patients with PDD, especially those presenting with jaundice or pancreatitis. Biliary surgery in patients with PDD and a dilated bile duct should include a biliary drainage procedure to prevent recurrence of pancreatobiliary disease.