脑源性神经营养因子预处理后急性高眼压下大鼠视网膜TrkB的表达变化

目的：检测脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)干预后大鼠视网膜TrkB的表达变化。为受损后视网膜节细胞的保护及外源性BDNF的应用提供一定的理论基础。方法：大鼠左眼分为急性眼高压及BDNF预处理组。使左眼眼压升高至闪光视网膜电图b波消失的临界眼压并维持60 min,分别存活1～14 d后处死,冰冻切片行尼氏染色及TrkB的免疫组织化学。结果：急性高眼压组各时间点节细胞层细胞数目均显著少于BDNF预处理组;1、3 d时TrkB的表达明显增加,7、14 d时则明显减少;BDNF预处理组在存活1、3 d时TrkB的表达明显增加,7 d时则下降至正常对照组水平,14 d时再次明显增加。结论：急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜内TrkB的表达存在时空变化,TrkB表达的上调提示视网膜对BDNF的需求增加。     

外源性脑源性神经营养因子对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜谷氨酸转运体1表达的影响

目的:检测外源性脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜谷氨酸转运体1(GLT-1)表达的影响。方法:72只SD大鼠随机分成急性高眼压组、溶媒预处理急性高眼压组和BDNF预处理急性高眼压组,每组动物左眼制作急性高眼压模型,右眼为正常对照,每组动物分别存活1、3、7或14d。用免疫组织化学方法检测外源性BDNF对视网膜GLT-1表达的影响。结果:溶媒预处理急性高眼压组中GLT-1的表达与急性高眼压组相同。与正常视网膜比,急性高眼压组GLT-1的表达在再灌1d时上调,3d时达到高峰,7、14d时表达下调,但仍高于正常对照组。在BDNF预处理急性高眼压组,再灌1d时GLT-1表达明显高于急性高眼压组,3、7、14d时GLT-1表达与急性高眼压组无明显差别。结论:外源性BDNF对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜的保护作用可能与再灌早期提前上调GLT-1的表达有关。     

外源性脑源性神经营养因子对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜磷酸化TrkB表达的影响

目的:检测脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)干预对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜磷酸化TrkB(p-TrkB)表达变化的影响。方法:成年大鼠随机分为单纯高眼压组、BDNF预处理高眼压组和溶媒预处理高眼压组,BDNF预处理高眼压组和溶媒预处理高眼压组动物左眼于加压前2d分别给予BDNF预处理或溶媒,右眼设为正常对照。各组动物左眼眼压升高至闪光视网膜电图b波消失的临界眼压并维持60min,动物分别存活1、3、7、14d后处死,冷冻切片行p-TrkB的免疫组织化学显色。结果:单纯高眼压组急性高眼压后p-TrkB的表达显著下调;溶媒预处理高眼压组实验结果与单纯急性高眼压组相似;BDNF预处理高眼压组p-TrkB的表达随再灌时间的延长进行性下调,但在各时间点的表达均显著高于单纯高眼压组。结论:外源性BDNF干预部分缓解了急性高眼压后视网膜p-TrkB表达的下调,对急性高眼压后的大鼠视网膜起到一定的保护作用。     

外源性BDNF对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜ERK1/2磷酸化的影响

为研究脑源性神经生长因子(BDNF)干预对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜磷酸化的细胞外信号调节激酶(p-ERK1/2)表达变化的影响,本实验将成年大鼠随机分为单纯高眼压组、BDNF预处理高眼压组和溶媒预处理高眼压组,BDNF预处理高眼压组和溶媒预处理高眼压组动物左眼于加压前2d分别给予BDNF或溶媒预处理,右眼设为正常对照。各组动物左眼眼压升高至闪光视网膜电图b波消失的临界眼压并维持60min,动物分别存活1、3、7、14d后处死,冰冻切片行p-ERK的免疫组织化学染色。结果显示与正常对照相比,单纯高眼压组急性高眼压后p-ERK表达下调(P<0.05),1、3、7d组内核层出现p-ERK阳性细胞;溶媒预处理高眼压组实验结果与单纯急性高眼压组相似;BDNF预处理高眼压组急性高眼压后1、3、7d时p-ERK的表达与正常对照组相似,7d和14d出现了重新分布。此结果提示外源性BDNF可能通过促进急性高眼压后视网膜ERK1/2的活化对受损的视网膜起保护作用。     

BDNF对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜三种钙结合蛋白表达的影响

目的：检测外源性BDNF对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜Parvalbumin（PV），calbindin D-28k（CB）和calretinin（CR）表达的影响。方法：72只SD大鼠随机分成高眼压组、溶媒预处理高眼压组和BDNF预处理高眼压组，每组动物左眼制作急性高眼压模型，右眼为正常对照，动物分别存活1、3、7或14d。用免疫组化方法检测视网膜PV、CB和CR的表达变化。结果：溶媒预处理高眼压组中PV、CB和CR的表达与高眼压组相似。高眼压组中，随着再灌时间延长，内层视网膜中PV和CB标记的神经元数先下调再逐渐恢复，而CR标记的神经元数逐渐减少；再灌1d时PV和CR具有从内核层到内网层的重新分布。在BDNF预处理高眼压组，PV、CB和CR标记的神经元数在再灌1d、7d和14d时与高眼压组比较无明显差异，但在再灌3d时，明显高于后者（P〈0．05）。结论：BDNF预处理对急性高眼压后视网膜的保护作用可能与其再灌早期上调钙结合蛋白的表达有关。     

脑源性神经营养因子对实验性大鼠高眼压视网膜节细胞EIK-1磷酸化水平的作用

目的:观察脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)干预对急性高眼压(HIOP)后大鼠视网膜EIK-1磷酸化水平的影响,以了解BDNF抗高眼压损伤的机制。方法:成年大鼠72只随机分为HIOP组、BDNF预处理高眼压组和溶媒预处理高眼压组(n=24),每组又根据4个时间点细分为4个亚组(n=6)。BDNF预处理高眼压组和溶媒预处理高眼压组大鼠左眼于加压前2 d分别给予BDNF预处理或等量溶媒剂,右眼作为正常对照。用生理盐水升高各组大鼠左侧眼压,至眼压升高至闪光视网膜电图b波消失的临界眼压时停止注射,并维持60 min。大鼠分别存活1、3、7、14 d后处死,冰冻切片行p-EIK-1的免疫组织化学染色。结果:与正常对照比较,急性高眼压后,HIOP和溶媒预处理高眼压视网膜节细胞层p-EIK-1阳性细胞数明显减少(P0.01);BDNF预处理高眼压组急性高眼压后1d和3d节细胞层p-EIK-1阳性细胞数与正常对照组相似,7d和14 d时有轻度减少(P0.05)。结论:外源性BDNF可以促进实验大鼠急性高眼压后视网膜节细胞层EIK-1活化,提示节细胞层EIK-1的磷酸化介导了BDNF对受损的视网膜的保护作用。     

急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜葡萄糖转运因子-1的表达

目的:观察急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜葡萄糖转运因子-1(GLUT-1)的表达变化及其对视网膜损伤的影响.方法:利用急性高眼压大鼠模型,通过免疫组织化学和免疫印迹检测急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜GLUT-1蛋白的表达变化;Nissl染色观察视网膜神经细胞层次改变及节细胞数的变化.结果:正常视网膜血管内皮细胞有GLUT-1表达,急性高眼压后3h开始下调,6h达最低值,之后1d、3d、7d逐渐恢复至正常水平.Nissl染色结果显示急性高眼压后3h、6h和12 h视网膜节细胞数减少不明显,到1、3d,视网膜层次紊乱、变薄,节细胞数明显减少.结论:急性高眼压后早期大鼠视网膜GLUT-1表达下调,影响了视网膜葡萄糖的转运,这可能是视网膜结构紊乱,节细胞丢失的重要原因.     

脑源性神经营养因子对急性高眼压大鼠视网膜突触囊泡素表达的影响

目的:探讨脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜突触可塑性中的作用.方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、假手术组、单纯高眼压组、溶媒预处理急性高眼压组、BDNF预处理急性高眼压组和BDNF抗体预处理急性高眼压组.预处理后2d,制作急性高眼压模型.动物存活1、3、7或14d后处死,冷冻切片行突触囊泡素(SYN)免疫组织化学检测.结果:SYN蛋白的免疫阳性产物主要分布于视网膜外网层和内网层,SYN在高眼压3d后在外网层分布增宽,7d时最宽,14d时又回复到与正常相似的模式;BDNF预处理后,在急性高眼压早期,SYN在视网膜外网层分布范围增宽的现象延后,至14 d阳性产物分布面积达到高峰;BDNF抗体预处理后,SYN阳性产物分布范围增宽现象前移,在3d时达到高峰,但与正常水平差异无统计学意义,至7d和14 d SYN回落.结论:急性高眼压后外源性BDNF干预延后了视网膜逆行性跨神经元突触改变的发生时间.     

外源性BDNF对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜EIK-1磷酸化的影响

为了研究脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)干预对急性高眼压(HIOP)后大鼠视网膜EIK-1磷酸化的影响,本实验将72只成年大鼠随机分为单纯高眼压组、BDNF预处理高眼压组和溶媒预处理高眼压组。BDNF预处理高眼压组和溶媒预处理高眼压组动物左眼于加压前2d分别给予BDNF预处理或溶媒,右眼设为正常对照。各组动物左眼眼压升高至闪光视网膜电图b波消失的临界眼压并维持60min,动物分别存活1、3、7、14d后处死,冰冻切片行p-EIK-1的免疫组织化学染色。结果显示:单纯高眼压组急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜节细胞层p-EIK-1阳性细胞数较正常对照组下调(P<0.05);溶媒预处理高眼压组实验结果与单纯急性高眼压组相似。BDNF预处理高眼压组急性高眼压后1、3、7d组大鼠视网膜节细胞层p-EIK-1阳性细胞数与正常对照组相似,14d组下调(P<0.05)。此结果提示外源性BDNF促进了急性高眼压后视网膜节细胞层EIK-1的活化,节细胞层EIK-1的磷酸化对受损的视网膜有保护作用。     

脑源性神经营养因子对急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜Müller细胞的影响

目的：检测脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)干预急性高眼压后大鼠视网膜 Müller 细胞谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS) 和谷氨酸/天冬氨酸转运体(GLAST)表达的变化,探讨 BDNF 保护节细胞(RGCs)的可能机制。方法：成年大鼠分为3个 BDNF 干预组和3个溶媒对照组并进行玻璃体内注射。2 d 后将预处理动物左眼眼压升高至闪光视网膜电图 b 波消失的临界眼压且维持缺血60 min。实验动物分别存活1、3或7 d 后通过免疫组织化学检测大鼠视网膜 GS 和 GLAST 的表达变化。结果：与正常对照组比较,溶媒对照组 GS 和 GLAST 在存活1 d 和3 d 时表达上调,7d 时下降;BDNF 干预组未出现表达明显变化。结论：BDNF 可能不是通过 Müller 细胞上调 GS 和 GLAST,降低胞外 Glu 来保护 RGCs。     

Expression of Glutamate and GABA during the Process of Rat Retinal Synaptic Plasticity Induced by Acute High Intraocular Pressure

Acute high intraocular pressure (HIOP) can induce plastic changes of retinal synapses during which the expression of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin (SYN) has a distinct spatiotemporal pattern from the inner plexiform layer to the outer plexiform layer. We identified the types of neurotransmitters in the retina that participated in this process and determined the response of these neurotransmitters to HIOP induction. The model of acute HIOP was established by injecting normal saline into the anterior chamber of the rat eye. We found that the number of glutamate-positive cells increased successively from the inner part to the outer part of the retina (from the ganglion cell layer to the inner nuclear layer to the outer nuclear layer) after HIOP, which was similar to the spatiotemporal pattern of SYN expression (internally to externally) following HIOP. However, the distribution and intensity of GABA immunoreactivity in the retina did not change significantly at different survival time post injury and had no direct correlation with SYN expression. Our results suggested that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate might participate in the plastic process of retinal synapses following acute HIOP, but no evidence was found for the role of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.     

Synaptophysin Expression in Rat Retina Following Acute High Intraocular Pressure

In response to injury, synapse alteration may occur earlier than the changes in the cell body of neurons. Although retinal ganglion cell death and thinning of the inner part of retina were found after acute high intraocular pressure (HIOP), the structural and functional changes of synapses in the retina remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated the protein and mRNA expression of synaptophysin (SYN), an important molecule closely related to synaptic activities, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In addition, we also studied the ultrastructural changes of the retinal synapses. We found that (1) synaptophysin was upregulated transiently at both protein and mRNA level following HIOP; (2) broadened distribution of synaptophysin protein was present within the outer nuclear layer at the early stage following HIOP; (3) in the outer nuclear layer bouton-like vesicle-containing structures were observed by electron microscopy. This data suggested that, besides degeneration, synapses in rat retina may undergo regenerative events following HIOP.     

大鼠体神经-内脏神经吻合后脑源性神经营养因子及其受体的表达变化

为了研究大鼠体神经-内脏神经吻合后脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)及其受体酪氨酸激酶B(TrkB)在脊髓前角神经元中的表达变化,以正常大鼠为对照,运用RT-PCR技术检测大鼠体神经-内脏神经吻合术后不同时间脊髓腰4(L4)前角神经元中BDNF及TrkB mRNA的表达变化。结果显示,在正常大鼠L4前角神经元中,BDNF及TrkB的mRNA均存在一定水平的表达;体神经-内脏神经吻合术后7d、14d、1m和2m,BDNF和TrkBm RNA的表达均升高,术后7d达到高峰,14d开始下降;2m时BD-NF mRNA的表达量仍显著高于正常组(P<0.01),而TrkB mRNA的表达量到2m时虽仍高,但与正常组相比,其差异已无统计学意义(P>0.05)。上述结果表明,大鼠体神经-内脏神经反射弧建立后,脊髓L4前角神经元的内源性BDNF及其受体TrkB的表达均增高,它们可能作为保护性因子有利于受损神经元的存活和再生。     

EPO protects Müller cell under high glucose state through BDNF/TrkB pathway

Neurotrophic factor decreased in the early stage of diabetic retinal nerve cells. Neurons damage brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and receptor TrkB expression reduced. Erythropoietin (EPO) plays an important role in protecting early diabetic retinopathy. The rats were euthanized at 24 h after EPO vitreous injection and the retina was separated. HE staining was applied to observe the pathological tissue morphology. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot were used to detect BDNF, TrkB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and glial fibrillary acidic portein (GFAP) expression. Retinal structure was clear in group C, while the retinal thickness and RGCs number decreased in group B at 24 w. Retinal thickness in group E was greater than in group B but lower than in group C. GFAP and ERK expression increased in both group B and E, whereas the latter was significantly lower than the former. TrkB protein level was in group E > B > C at 4 w, while it was in group C > group E > group B at 24 w. BDNF expression in group B was higher than in group C at 4 w, whereas it was opposite at 24 w. BDNF expression increased in group E at 4 w, and it was similar in group E compared with group C at 24 w. EPO vitreous injection can increase BDNF and TrkB expression, while reduce GFAP and ERK expression in diabetes rat retina. It could protect Müller cells through BDNF/TrkB pathway to play a role of nerve nutrition.     

激光损伤视网膜后神经元凋亡及GFAP表达的研究

目的 观察兔视网膜激光损伤后神经元细胞有无凋亡改变及视网膜Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞胶质纤维酸性蛋白（ＧＦＡＰ）的表达变化。方法 应用末脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的ｄＵＴＰ－Ｘ切口末标记法（ＴＵＮＥＬ法）标记凋亡细胞。应用免疫组化染色显示视网膜Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞ＧＦＡＰ表示。结果伤后６ｈ、１、３、７ｄ视网膜各层可见散在分布的ＴＵＮＥＬ阳性凋亡细胞,尤以外核层多见,伤后３ｄ,视网膜可见Ｍｕｌｌｅｒ细胞ＧＦＡＰ表达;伤