子宫腺肌病病因及发病机制研究新观点

<正>子宫腺肌病主要表现为痛经、月经异常和不孕,因严重影响患者的生活质量,近年来受到越来越多的关注。1972年,Bird将其定义为子宫内膜良性侵入至子宫肌层,导致子宫的弥漫性增大,镜下表现为异位、非瘤变的内膜腺体和间质被肥大增生的肌肉组织所包绕。因既往诊断主要依赖于子宫切除术后的病理诊断,故该病往往不能早期诊断并及早得到干预治疗。近年来,腺肌病发病率不断上升,并呈年轻化趋势,青少年腺肌病亦有报道,因此,针对其病因病机的研究广受关注。目前,在腺     

子宫内膜异位症的分子病因学研究现状

子宫内膜异位症(EMS)是子宫内膜腺体和基质种植于子宫以外的一种雌激素依赖性疾病,是引起该病患者盆腔疼痛和不孕的常见因素。EMS的发病机制迄今尚未完全阐明,是妇产科临床和基础研究的热点。目前研究认为,EMS发病的分子机制不纯粹是某一生物学特征异常,尚涉及腹膜侵袭、血管形成、细胞凋亡、细胞黏附及自噬等方面,并且某一信号通路异常,参与EMS发病过程的各个环节,而涉及整个通路调控网络异常。笔者拟从腹膜的侵袭、血管形成、细胞凋亡、细胞黏附、自噬等方面,对EMS的分子病因学最新研究进展进行阐述。     

子宫内膜异位症发病机制的研究现状

子宫内膜异位症(EMS)是一种具有恶性行为的良性疾病,关于其发病机制则迄今尚未完全阐明.子宫内膜异位病灶可能由子宫内膜间充质干细胞(eMSC)或骨髓来源干细胞群(bMSC)转移、种植、分化而来,同时免疫细胞分泌多种炎症介质,可引发炎症级联反应,为EMS患者子宫内膜组织生长、侵袭提供局部微环境.笔者拟就干细胞、免疫细胞等...     

Current trends in infant research and infant programs

Head Start, a federally funded program begun in 1965, provided an impetus for the proliferation of early childhood programs and research. A variety of intervention programs have been added to the traditional day care centers of the past, which primarily served the needs of working parents. Among intervention programs are those tutoring high risk infants and their parents, and private and public classrooms for handicapped infants and preschoolers. Increased programming has provided more opportunities for research, which includes studies of social, ethnic, physical#shmedical, and gender-related issues.     

乙型流感病毒病原学研究现状

乙型流感病毒是一种流行性感冒病毒,特定季节能够在人际间传播流行引起流感及其他并发症;近年来由其造成的疾病负担日趋严重,因此了解和掌握乙型流感病毒病原学特征和变异规律,才能更好的为乙型流感的防控提供科学依据。本文主要从乙型流感病毒的病原学特征、病毒的进化、致病、传播、流行以及对乙型流感病毒的药物、疫苗控制等方面进行综述。     

Oral submucous fibrosis: etiology, pathogenesis, and future research.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a precancerous condition of the oral cavity, has been studied by a number of workers in the field. The available epidemiological data showed a clear-cut geographical and ethnic predisposition, which suggested that certain customs/habits prevalent among the population groups in south-east Asia might be possible etiological factors. However, none of these customs was shown to be causally linked and the association in many cases was ''casual''. This led some workers to consider the importance of systemic predisposition, in addition to the effects of local factors on the oral mucosa. More research is needed to elucidate this problem.     

Guillain-Barre syndrome: etiology and pathogenesis

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a reactive, self-limited, monophasic disease triggered by a preceding bacterial or viral infection. GBS has also been linked to underlying systemic diseases, certain malignancies, surgery, pregnancy, trauma severe infection, and tissue transplantation (bone marrow and organs). Although its pathogenesis is unclear, it is likely to be a consequence of an immune mediated process. Therefore, we believe that GBS results from an aberrant immune response that somehow mistakenly attacks the nerve tissue of its host, most probably by recognizing a molecular similar epitope mechanism (molecular mimicry). Immune reactions against these epitopes result in acute inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy or acute axonal forms. GBS has a worldwide distribution with an annual incidence of approximately 1.2-8.6 cases per 100,000 people. Both genders are at similar risk (but there is a slight male predominance). All ages are affected, although the distribution is bimodal. The supporting measures are critically important to provide optimal treatment. Immunomodulation with plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin treatments shorten the disease course. Outcome is generally good, with virtually full recovery in 70-80% of the patients. In this review physiopathological aspects and clinical implications of GBS are fully discussed.     

Studies on the aetiology of byssinosis

Taylor, G., Massoud, A. A. E., and Lucas, F. (1971).Brit. J. industr. Med.,28, 143-151. Studies on the aetiology of byssinosis. A condensed polyphenol based on leucocyanidin has been extracted from the cotton plant. The reaction between this material and human serum has been demonstrated using both a precipitin and a passive agglutination technique. Sera from 196 cardroom workers not suffering from byssinosis, 177 byssinotic cardroom workers, and 203 controls were tested for reactivity with the condensed polyphenol using the passive agglutination technique. Significant differences in mean titres were obtained between cardroom workers and controls and between byssinotic and non-byssinotic cardroom workers. It was shown that while the mean titre in non-byssinotic cardroom workers remains relatively constant with respect to duration of employment, the titre in those cardroom workers suffering from byssinosis shows a progressive rise with duration of cardroom exposure.

Inhalation of solutions of the condensed polyphenol by normal control subjects and by non-byssinotic cardroom workers produced neither symptoms nor changes in FEV_1·0 or FVC. On the other hand, inhalation of the material by byssinotic cardroom workers induced symptoms identical with those experienced on exposure in the cardroom on Mondays. Because of the subjective nature of byssinosis, this inhalational study was repeated as a double-blind trial which completely confirmed the above observations.

     

高血压病发病机制的研究现状

高血压病为临床常见病和多发病,其重要并发症有中风、心肌梗死及肾功能衰竭.业已证实,高血压病致残率和病死率高,已成为严重危害人们身心健康的一种疾病.目前,在我国高血压发病呈上升趋势.因此,高血压病的防治具有重要意义.高血压病发生机制目前尚不十分清楚,多数人认为其发病与环境因素和遗传因素有关.近年来,国内外学者特别重视高血压病的发病与血管活性肽、环境和遗传因素关系的研究.     

高血压病发病机制的研究现状

高血压病为临床常见病和多发病，其重要并发症有中风、心肌梗死及肾功能衰竭。业已证实，高血压病致残率和病死率高，已成为严重危害人们身心健康的一种疾病。目前，在我国高血压发病呈上升趋势。因此，高血压病的防治具有重要意义。高血压病发生机制目前尚不十分清楚，多数人认为其发     

Epicondylitis: etiology, pathogenesis and therapy

Epicondilites are pathologies poorly understood from the aetiopathogenetic point of view. In this regard, many hypotheses have been considered and numerous anatomical structures are involved. Current therapeutic options are either conservative or surgical. Conservative treatments are: immobilization of the elbow flexed at 90-degrees, stretching the forearm muscles, manipulating the wrist, the application of low-energy extracorporeal shock waves, acupuncture, autologous blood injection under the extensor carpi radialis brevis, laser therapy and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy. Surgical treatments are: fasciotomy, excision of angiofibroblastic hyperplasias located at the origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis, partial release of the orbicular ligament, release of the extensor muscles, elongation of the tendon of extensor carpi radialis brevis and arthroscopic treatment. Advantages and disadvantages are described for each treatment according to the international literature.