女性原发性膀胱颈部梗阻的诊治体会

目的提高女性原发性膀胱颈部梗阻的诊治水平。方法68例患者，平均年龄56岁，病程平均3.8年。诊断方法以临床症状、尿动力学和膀胱镜检为主，辅以影像学和实验室检查。对逼尿肌压力正常或轻度升高者，行α受体阻滞剂治疗；对药物治疗效果不佳、膀胱镜检示膀胱颈后唇抬高、僵硬、狭窄、膀胱小梁小室形成者，行经尿道膀胱颈部电切术。结果本组12例（17．6％）α受体阻滞剂治疗有效，均为内括约肌痉挛者；56例行经尿道膀胱颈部电切，均为膀胱颈部纤维化或挛缩者。其中54例（96．4％）术后排尿症状明显改善，2例加服增强膀胱收缩力的药物。切除组织病理报告为膀胱颈纤维平滑肌增生，49例（87．5％）合并慢性炎症。随访6～36个月，平均23个月，排尿量216～460ml，平均380ml，最大尿流率（Qmax）16．5～25．6ml／s，平均20．6ml／s，剩余尿量12～100ml，平均28ml。结论女性原发性膀胱颈部梗阻多由膀胱颈纤维化或平滑肌增生引起。对α受体阻滞剂治疗无效并伴有膀胱颈部抬高或狭窄者，经尿道膀胱颈部电切术是一种安全而有效的治疗选择。     

女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊治

目的 探讨女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断与治疗。方法 对17例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者的诊断和腔内治疗情况进行回顾性分析。结果 17例术后残余尿减少、临床症状消失。无术后尿失禁及尿瘘。结论 经尿道膀胱颈电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的首选方法。     

男性原发性膀胱颈梗阻的尿动力学特点

目的 评价原发性男性膀胱颈梗阻的尿动力学表现.方法 回顾性分析23例男性原发性膀胱颈梗阻之尿动力学改变,包括尿流率、残余尿量及多通道尿动力学检查,并结合排尿期膀胱尿道造影、膀胱镜检查进行分析.结果 所有病例尿流率异常,可表现为最大尿流率降低,尿流曲线为钟型达峰时间延长或低平型.压力-流率检查可出现三型:高压-低流、正常压-低流、低压-低流,膀胱颈开放时间延迟在三型中均有出现.结合排尿期膀胱尿道造影、膀胱镜检查分析对确定诊断有重要意义.结论 普通尿动力学检查对原发性膀胱颈梗阻可作出初步诊断,明确诊断需结合排尿期膀胱尿道造影.     

女性膀胱颈抬高程度与膀胱出口梗阻相关性尿动力学分析

目的 探讨女性膀胱颈抬高程度与膀胱出口梗阻相关性尿动力学特点及临床意义.方法 实验组64例,筛选条件为主诉有尿频、尿急、排尿困难.排尿时间延长、下腹部胀痛不适等下尿路症状(Lower urinary tract syndrome,LUTS).对照组34例,为无LUTS症状的正常女性.所有患者均无神经系统疾病史,无糖尿病...     

女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨女性膀胱颈阻的诊断和治疗方法。方法;对２７例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者行尿流动力学检查和膀胱检查,对其中２２例行经光颈电切术（ＴＵＲＢｎ）５例行非选手治疗。结果：２２例行ＴＵＲＢＮ治疗者术后无明显乘余尿,２０例临床症状消失;５例非手术治疗者经定期饔主药物治疗,效果满意。结论：女性膀胱颈梗阻的尿流动客观评价排尿状况的有效指标;ＴＵＴＢＮ是治疗女性膀胱劲梗阻的首选方法,具有手术小和住院时间短等优点。     

女性膀胱颈部梗阻的诊断与治疗

为探讨女性膀胱颈部梗阻的病因、诊断及治疗方法。总结１９８１年５月～１９９６年６月收治女性膀胱颈部梗阻病例３２例。２９例经手术治疗，其中２例行膀胱颈ＹＶ成形术，２７例经尿道膀胱颈部后唇切除术，效果满意。结果认为，女性膀胱颈部梗阻病因为纤维组织增生和慢性炎症所致；尿流率检查是客观评价排尿状况的指标；膀胱镜检查为可靠的诊断手段；经尿道膀胱颈部后唇切除为有效的治疗方法。     

女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻诊疗探讨

目的：总结女性原发性膀胱颈梗阻（PBNO）的诊断思路及步骤,以提高对女性PBNO的诊断水平,探讨经尿道膀胱颈切开术（TUIBN）对女性PBNO的治疗效果。方法：于2007年3月～2009年1月期间共确诊女性PBNO患者22例,其中19例通过常规尿动力学检查辅以膀胱尿道造影确诊,3例通过影像尿动力学检查确诊。全部患者均在口服α1-受体阻滞剂保守治疗无效后入院接受TUIBN治疗。收集患者术前及术后最大尿流率、最大尿流率时逼尿肌压、剩余尿量和国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）指标进行比较,分析TUIBN术对女性PBNO的治疗效果。结果：术后22例随访2～24个月,其中12例随访尿动力学及IPSS评分;9例仅随访IPSS评分;1例失访。21例患者手术前后IPSS评分分别为（27．28±2．42）及（8．22±3．89）（P〈0．001）;复查尿动力学的12例手术前后指标比较,最大尿流率分别为（7．53上3．12）ml／s及（13．62±5．02）ml／s（P=0．017）;剩余尿量分别为（中位数80;QU-QL=155～65）ml及（46．11±19．97）ml（P=0．018）;最大尿流率时逼尿肌压分别为（8．82±3．23）kPa及（6．00±2．58）kPa（P=0．003）。结论：常规尿动力学结合膀胱尿道造影检查能较准确、有效地诊断女性PBNO,并能达到与影像尿动力学检查相接近的诊断水平。对口服α1-受体阻滞剂治疗无效的女性PBNO患者,TUIBN是安全、有效的治疗手段。     

女性膀胱出口梗阻的发病机理研究进展

随着尿流动力学检查的发展和尿道膀胱镜的广泛应用，女性膀胱出口梗阻的早期诊断成为可能，其病因复杂，目前研究较多的为非神经源性的，又分为功能性梗阻和解剖性梗阻，本文就女性膀胱出口梗阻的发病机理研究现状进行综述。     

女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断

目的：探讨女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断方法,提高女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊治水平。方法：对42例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者的临床资料和腔内治疗情况进行回顾性分析。结果：诊断的42例患者行经尿道膀胱颈电切术,效果满意,无尿失禁及尿瘘发生。结论：临床症状结合膀胱尿道镜检查和压力-尿流率测定是该病可靠的诊断手段,经尿道膀胱颈电切术是治疗女性膀胱颈梗阻的首选方法。     

女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊治体会

目的　提高女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊治水平。　方法　对 1 5例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者的诊治情况进行回顾性分析。　结果　 6例行膀胱颈Y V成形术 ,9例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇电切术 ,效果满意 ,无尿失禁及尿瘘发生。　结论　膀胱尿道镜结合压力 流率测定是该病可靠的诊断手段 ,经尿道膀胱颈部后唇切除是最佳治疗方法。     

Primary bladder neck obstruction

Summary Primary bladder neck obstruction is not uncommon in young and middle age men. The symptoms are confounding and routine urologic investigation including cystometry, uroflow, voiding cystourethrography and cystourethroscopy often leads to an erroneous diagnosis of psychogenic voiding dysfunction, neurogenic bladder or prostatitis. An accurate diagnosis can be obtained by the simultaneous measurement of detrusor pressure and uroflow, preferably accompanied by radiographic visualization of the lower urinary tract during micturition. Treatment with bladder neck incision is usually curative, but often results in retrograde ejaculation.     

Primary bladder neck obstruction in men,women, and children

The understanding of the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of primary bladder neck obstruction (PBNO) has evolved over the last 20 years. It was first identified 70 years ago, but the etiology is still unclear. There are multiple theories as to the etiology, including muscular and neurological dysfunction and fibrosis. Over the years, many voiding parameters and cut points and nomograms have been presented for diagnosis of nonneurogenic functional bladder outlet obstruction in young men. Until recently, there was a paucity of data on PBNO in women and children. Videourodynamics provide an accurate diagnosis of PBNO but for some patients are an invasive option. Treatments vary from watchful waiting to α-blockade to surgery, depending on the severity of symptoms, urodynamic findings, and response to medical therapy. This paper reviews the theories on etiology, incidence, presentation, and diagnostic evaluation, and briefly discusses treatment options for PBNO.     

The structure of the bladder neck in male bladder neck obstruction

A light microscope and neurohistochemical study is presented of full thickness biopsies from the bladder neck of 10 middle-aged males with urodynamically proven bladder neck obstruction. Apart from varying degrees of collagen deposition in seven cases, no abnormality was present in the detrusor and pre-prostatic components of the bladder neck muscles or in the distribution of cholinergic nerve fibres. The normal noradrenergic innervation to the pre-prostatic sphincter was absent in all specimens; this may be age-related.     

Asymptomatic bladder neck incompetence in nulliparous females

This study investigated 29 nulliparous women using the technique of transvaginal ultrasound to assess whether their bladder necks were open or closed at rest. The patients comprised 2 groups: 4 reported occasional episodes of stress incontinence, all of whom had closed bladder necks; the remaining 25 patients were totally asymptomatic. Overall a 21% incidence of an open bladder neck was recorded. It is likely that the true incidence of open bladder necks in young nulliparous women is higher than this, since none of these patients had troublesome stress incontinence. Since women with open bladder necks are more likely to develop stress incontinence if the integrity of the distal sphincter mechanism is compromised by neural damage, antenatal recognition of this problem should provide a contraindication to traumatic vaginal delivery and may in the future reduce the incidence of symptomatic stress incontinence in the population.     

Functional bladder neck obstruction in women

Symptoms of bladder neck dysfunction in the female are rarely encountered. In 5 females, i.e., 0.6% of the female patients referred for urodynamic investigation, we found parameters consistent with bladder neck dysfunction. Prolonged opening time, slow stream, but otherwise normal voiding reflexes were the main features.     

儿童先天性膀胱颈梗阻及其诊治

目的：探讨儿童先天性膀胱颈梗阻的临床特点,提高对先天性膀胱颈梗阻的认识。方法：报告2例先天性膀胱颈梗阻患儿诊治资料,复习有关文献。结果：1例运用尿道镜电切,延期输尿管再植,另1例采用开放手术作膀胱颈增生后唇的楔形切除,同时作膀胱与输尿管再植术,随访3～6个月,均取得了满意效果。结论：儿童先天性膀胱颈梗阻是一种少见的儿童下尿路梗阻,以膀胱颈增生的排列紊乱的平滑肌和弹力纤维为病理特点。可以根据其临床特征、膀胱镜、VCUG、VUDS等作出诊断,尿道内窥镜电切术或开放性膀胱颈成形术可获得良好的治疗效果。