高龄白内障超声乳化吸出手术方法的探讨

目的 探讨高龄患者白内障超声乳化吸出折叠式人工晶状体植入术术中前囊环形撕囊、晶状体核乳化的手术方式。方法 对61例(65眼)70—85岁白内障采用前房气泡下前囊环形撕囊，晶状体核原位乳化结合半囊袋内辅助机械压迫乳化并植入折叠式人工晶状体。结果 环形撕囊成功61眼(93．8％)，辅助点刺式完成裁囊4眼(6．2％)。完成晶状体会乳化65眼(100％)，平均乳化时间125．2秒。植入折叠式人工晶状体64眼(98．5％)。术中并发症主要为虹膜损伤1眼，后囊破裂玻璃体脱出改行硬质人工晶状体植入1眼。结论 前房气泡下环形撕囊，晶状体核原位乳化结合半囊袋内辅助机械压迫乳化及折叠式人工晶状体植入是高龄白内障安全有效的手术方式。     

软核白内障环形撕囊非超声乳化摘出术

目的探讨软核白内障环形撕囊非超声乳化摘出的手术方法。方法对56例(60眼)晶状体核硬度为三级以下的白内障运用环形撕囊、充分水分离及晶状体核翻转技术，进行白内障小切口非超声乳化摘出术。结果56例(60眼)均囊袋内植入人工晶状体，术后第1天，裸眼视力大于0．6者58眼(96．67％)，术后6月复查，未见虹膜后粘或人工晶状体夹持者。结论此手术方法是基层及无超声乳化设备的医院开展高质量白内障手术的有效方法。     

过熟期白内障晶状体超声乳化及人工晶状体植入

目的探讨过熟期白内障晶状体超声乳化手术中前囊连续环行撕囊的手术操作,以及晶状体乳化方式的选择。方法69例(69眼)过熟期白内障晶状体前囊连续环行撕囊或开罐式截囊,撕囊前先用截囊针在前囊的中央刺一小洞,出现"冒烟"后,从侧切口冲洗出液化的皮质,然后再撕囊。乳化方式采用分割蚀刻法和劈裂法相结合进行超声乳化。结果在撕囊时69眼均出现"冒烟"现象。连续环形撕囊成功54眼,占78.26%;开罐式截囊15眼,占21.74%。术后视力小于0.1者3眼,0.1~0.3者6眼,0.4~0.5者8眼,大于0.5者52眼(75.37%)。结论过熟期白内障超声乳化术,行前囊连续环形撕囊,以及熟练的蚀刻和劈核是手术的关键。     

白内障术中后囊浑浊的连续环形撕囊术

目的 探讨白内障超声乳化吸出术中后囊浑浊时进行后囊连续环形撕囊术的临床疗效。方法 对2000年11月-2003年4月1973眼自内障超声乳化吸出及人工晶状体植入术，发现后囊浑浊的87眼(浑浊度达2—3级)。按常规完成晶状体超声乳化吸出术后，在后囊中央区作一直径3～4mm的连续环形撕囊，囊袋内植入PMMA人工晶体。结果 术后裸眼视力0．2-0．4者26眼占29．9％，0．5-0．8者37眼占42．5％，1．0以上者24眼占27．6％，裸眼视力0．5以上者共6l眼占70．11％。术后视轴光学通道清晰，无囊样黄斑水肿或视网膜脱离等手术并发症。结论 联合前后囊连续环形撕囊术治疗后囊浑浊白内障，疗效显著，但技术性强，要求术者具有丰富的手术经验和熟练的操作技巧。     

粘连性小瞳孔白内障手术的临床观察

目的探讨粘连性小瞳孔白内障人工晶状体植入术的手术方法和效果。方法158例（158眼）行晶状体超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术,术中不切开瞳孔用辅助钩牵引扩张瞳孔,并用撕囊镊撕开瞳孔后粘连,环形撕囊,晶状体超声乳化,囊袋内植入人工晶状体。术后观察视力、瞳孔及眼部反应。结果术后矫正视力≥0．5,术后瞳孔为圆形,眼部无异常反应。结论小瞳孔白内障手术复杂,并发症多,手术要点在手术中处理瞳孔,经不同方法处理瞳孔的白内障手术与正常超声乳化人工晶体植入无异,术后视力良好,瞳孔保持圆形。     

白内障超声乳化术中快速劈核法临床报告

目的 观察白内障超声乳化术中快速劈核法的临床效果及应用。方法 对327例(354只眼)患者施行3．2mm透明角膜切口快速劈核法作白内障超声乳化及折叠式人工晶状体植入术。结果 术后1周裸眼视力≥0．5者319只眼(90．1％),术后1月裸眼视力≥0．5者335只眼(94．6％)。结论 此手术方法超声时间短、超声能量少,值得在眼科手术医生中普遍使用。     

小瞳孔虹膜后超声乳化人工晶状体植入术

目的 探讨小瞳孔虹膜后方白内障超声乳化手术操作技巧及疗效。方法 对33例（33眼）在小瞳孔虹膜后方行连续环行撕囊，原位超声乳化碎核。结果 术后3月，32眼瞳孔均基本呈圆形，1眼瞳孔不规则，裸眼≥0.5者占78.78%，矫正视力≥0.5者占87.87%。结论 小瞳孔虹膜后方行白内障超声乳化吸出人工晶状体植入术，炎症反应轻，视力恢复快且较稳定，效果好。     

小瞳孔下白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入20例

目的：探讨小瞳孔下白内障超声乳化吸除及人工晶状体植入术的难度，技巧，效果，并发症及处理。方法：0.5%爱尔凯因表面麻醉，透明角膜切口人工晶状体调位钩拉开粘连或强直之小瞳孔，行环形撕囊，超声乳化吸除白内障及人工；晶状体植入，结果：术后视力均有不同程度提高，0.1-0.5者3只眼；0.6-0.8者6只眼；0.9-1.0者8只眼；1尺指数-0.05者4只眼，并发症；2例术中前房出血，术后前房积血；3例术后反应重，瞳孔区渗出膜，均经治疗痊愈。结论：白内障超声乳化术在小瞳孔状态下行环形撕囊是完全可行的，但须人工晶状体调位钩拉开瞳孔，小瞳孔下白内障超声乳化术的并发症，较严重的是前房出血，因此在小瞳孔状态下行超声乳化术时，牵拉虹膜一定小心，尽量勿伤及虹膜血管。     

小瞳孔后粘连并发性白内障超声乳化术的观察

目的评价超声乳化人工晶状体植入治疗伴有小瞳孔缩小及虹膜后粘连的并发白内障的临床疗效。方法12例(13眼)此类并发白内障接受超声乳化吸出和后房人工晶状体植入术，前房注入足量黏弹剂，偏高眼压状态下双通道锐性分离后粘连及纤维增生膜，加大环形撕囊的稳定性，采用低能量、高负压参数乳化晶状体核，增加其可控性，并对术后视力及相关处理要点作了分析。结果超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后13眼视力均不同程度的提高，术后最常见的并发症是角膜水肿和房水浑浊。结论超声乳化人工晶状体植入治疗伴瞳孔缩小及虹膜后粘连的并发白内障是可行的。     

水下连续环形撕囊在晶状体乳化术中的应用

目的探讨成熟期和过熟期白内障超声乳化手术中连续环形撕囊的方法并评价.方法对484例513眼核硬度Ⅲ级以上的白内障,分别行黏弹剂下常规连续环形撕囊和水下连续环形撕囊,并常规行晶状体乳化吸出和后房人工晶状体植入.结果黏弹剂下连续环形撕囊237眼,成功206眼,占86.96%;水下连续环形撕囊276眼,成功272眼,占98.55%.二者差异具有非常显著性意义(X2=14.07,P＜0.001).所有病例均顺利进行了后房人工晶状体植入,术后未发生严重并发症.结论对眼底红光反射不足或皮质液化的成熟或过熟期白内障采用水下连续环形撕囊的方法效果良好安全可行.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.