B型利钠肽对心源性和非心源性呼吸困难鉴别诊断界值标准研究

目的 探讨心源性与非心源性呼吸困难患者B型利钠肽(BNP)诊断界值水平。 方法采用美国博适-Triage干式快速定量心力衰竭/心肌梗死诊断仪对351例急性呼吸困难患者床旁BNP测定。 结果 BNP水平小于60pg/ml患者基本可诊断为非心源性呼吸困难;BNP水平大于100pg/ml但小于500pg/ml患者需考虑心源性呼吸困难可能;大于500pg/ml患者基本可诊断为心源性呼吸困难。 结论 BNP水平高低是鉴别心源性和非心源性呼吸困难可靠的指标。     

血浆BNP测定在老年性呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的价值

目的检测老年呼吸困难患者血浆BNP水平并探讨其临床应用价值。方法选择有呼吸困难的老年患者共82例，用ELISA方法快速测定BNP水平。结果对诊断心源性呼吸困难患者36例和肺源性呼吸困难患者46例，进行回顾性分析，其血浆BNP水平分别为（628．32±420．22）pg/ml和（146．38±86．26）pg／ml。心源性呼吸困难与肺源性呼吸困难患者比较，其血浆BNP水平有非常显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论血浆BNP测定，对老年性呼吸困难的快速鉴别诊断具有重要的价值。     

床旁B型利钠肽测定在急性呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨床旁B型利钠肽(BNP)测定对急性呼吸困难鉴别诊断的敏感性、特异性和准确性.方法采用美国博适-Triage干式快速定量心力衰竭/心肌梗死诊断仪对351例心源性和非心源性呼吸困难患者床旁BNP测定.结果按纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)不同心功能分级患者BNP水平不同;BNP水平<60pg/ml患者基本可诊断为非心源性呼吸困难;BNP水平>100pg/ml但<500pg/ml患者需考虑可能为心源性呼吸困难;>500pg/ml患者基本可诊断为心源性呼吸困难.结论BNP水平高低是鉴别心源性和非心源性呼吸困难可靠的指标.     

脑钠素在急诊呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的应用

目的研究血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平对急诊患者呼吸困难鉴别诊断意义。方法对我院急诊科呼吸困难患者,检测血浆BNP含量,并进行超声心动图检查,比较心源性和肺源性呼吸困难患者血浆BNP水平的差异。结果心源性呼吸困难组和肺源性呼吸困难组血浆BNP分别为613.1±116.4 pg/mL和45.8±31.6 pg/mL(P0.01);心源性呼吸困难组血浆BNP与左室射血分数呈负相关(r=-0.54,P0.05)。结论血浆BNP对心源性呼吸困难和肺源性呼吸困难的鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

血气分析、呼气峰流速联合血浆脑利钠肽检测在呼吸困难鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨血气分析、呼气峰流速(PEF)联合血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)检测鉴别心源性与肺源性呼吸困难的价值。方法选择呼吸困难患者175例,其中肺源性呼吸困难患者97例、心源性呼吸困难患者78例。采用化学发光法测定其血浆BNP水平,并对BNP水平在100～500 pg/mL患者行血气分析和呼气峰流速检测。结果心源性呼吸困难患者血浆BNP水平明显高于肺源性呼吸困难患者(P<0.01)。BNP水平在100～500 pg/mL时,呼吸困难发生率为60.29%,与BNP<100 pg/mL(15.58%)及BNP>500 pg/mL(83.33%)比较均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。BNP水平在100～500 pg/mL时,心源性、肺源性呼吸困难患者的PaO2、PaCO2、P(A-a)O2和PEF水平比较有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论特定BNP水平联合血气分析、呼气峰流速检测能更快速、简便地鉴别肺源性、心源性呼吸困难。     

血浆B型钠尿肽测定在诊断老年急性呼吸困难中的应用

目的探讨血浆BNP测定在诊断老年性急性呼吸困难中的应用。方法选择呼吸困难的老年患者共106例,选择正常对照组50例,用荧光免疫法快速测定BNP水平。结果对明确诊断的心源性呼吸困难患者51例和肺源性呼吸困难患者55例,进行回顾性分析,其血浆BNP水平分别为（843．12±432．12）pg／ml和（159．34±97．62）pg／m;对照组50例,其血浆BNP水平为（52．16±16．96）pg／ml。心源性呼吸困难患者与对照组及肺源性呼吸困难患者比较,其血浆BNP水平均有显著差异（P〈0．01）,肺源性呼吸困难患者与对照组比较,血浆BNP水平相对升高,有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论血浆BNP水平测定对老年性呼吸困难的快速鉴别诊断具有较重要的意义。     

血浆脑钠肽检测对急诊呼吸困难鉴别诊断的应用价值

目的评价快速测定脑钠肽（BNP）对急诊呼吸困难病因的鉴别诊断价值。方法测定76例以呼吸困难为主诉在急诊科就诊和急诊入院患者血浆BNP水平,以2位不知道BNP结果的心血管专家根据患者的临床资料作出的诊断为标准,评价BNP水平对以呼吸困难为主诉的患者诊断充血性心力衰竭（CHF）的敏感性和特异性。结果BNP≥100pg／ml诊断CHF的敏感性为95．1％,特异性为97．1％,阳性预测值为97．5％,阴性预测值为94．4％。BNP水平与心力衰竭的严重程度相关。结论急诊快速测定BNP有助于鉴别心源性与非心源性呼吸困难。     

脑钠肽对急诊呼吸困难诊断的临床价值

目的探讨脑钠肽(BNP)对急诊呼吸困难诊断的临床价值。方法 205例急诊呼吸困难患者分为心源性呼吸困难组和非心源性呼吸困难组。检测两组患者BNP的表达水平并进行分析。结果心源性呼吸困难组BNP表达水平[(570.69±115.29)pg/ml〗明显高于非心源性呼吸困难组[(80.08±17.18)pg/ml](P<0.01);BNP表达水平与NYHA心功能分级呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论 BNP检测有助于鉴别急诊呼吸困难的原因,是诊断心源性呼吸困难的重要指标。     

BNP和NT-proBNP对呼吸困难的鉴别诊断意义

目的:探讨脑钠肽(BNP)和N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)的含量变化对呼吸困难患者的鉴别诊断价值。方法:选择入院时呼吸困难患者150例,分为心源性呼吸困难组(心源性组,51例),肺源性呼吸困难组(肺源性组,47例)和肺源性呼吸困难加心源性呼吸困难组(心肺源性组,52例)。另选择正常体检者40例作为正常对照组。观察比较各组治疗前后BNP和NT-proBNP的含量。结果:治疗前,与正常对照组比较,心源性组,心肺源性组和肺源性组的血浆BNP和NT-proBNP含量均显著升高,且心源性组的显著高于肺源性组和心肺源性组,心肺源性组的显著高于肺源性组的,P均0.01;治疗前心源性组,心肺源性组,肺源性组的NT-proBNP含量依次为[(3356.6±321.2)pg/ml比(3156.9±239.8)pg/ml比(2563.7±234.20)pg/ml],组间比较P均0.01;出院1周后,3组的血浆BNP和NT-proBNP含量均较治疗前显著降低,仍是心源性组的BNP含量最高,肺源性组的最低,心肺源性组的居中,组间比较,P均0.01。结论:血浆BNP和NT-proBNP含量有助于鉴别诊断呼吸困难是否属于心源性或肺源性疾病。     

BNP对急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗效果的评价

目的:探讨血浆BNP水平对急性心肌梗死(AMI)再灌注治疗效果的具评价作用. 方法:测定88例AMI患者早期血浆BNP水平,比较采用不同治疗方法(包括早期再灌注、择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与单纯药物治疗)的患者血浆BNP水平的差异,以及左室重构、心功能改善和远期预后的情况. 结果:AMI患者血浆BNP水平明显高于正常人为(325.74±354.11)pg/ml对(21.26±1 0.01)pg/ml,P＜0.01.经治疗后,早期再灌注组BNP水平较另两组明显降低,为(155.12±72.33)pg/ml对(253.01±277.25)pg/ml对(665.01±456.59)pg/ml,(P＜0.01),心脏不良事件的发生率亦显著降低(P=0.01),且与出院6个月后左室重构程度呈正相关(r=0.614),与心功能的改善呈负相关(r=-0.504).结论:血浆BNP水平对急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗的效果具有一定的评价作用.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.