杭州地区973例甲真菌病分析

目的了解杭州地区甲真菌病病原菌的种类和构成情况,获取流行病学资料.方法我们于2004年6月-11月对直接镜检阳性的973例甲真菌病患者进行了真菌分离培养及流行病学调查.结果共培养出722株病原菌,皮肤癣菌、酵母、非皮肤癣菌霉菌(NDM)所占比例分别为43.63%、38.37%、18.01%.皮肤癣菌中红色毛癣菌占89.52%(282/315),酵母中近平滑念珠菌居首,占21.66%,非皮肤癣菌霉菌中以曲霉和青霉为主.结论杭州地区的甲真菌病病原菌为皮肤癣菌、酵母菌和非皮肤癣菌霉菌,其中以红色毛癣菌和近平滑念珠菌为主.要注意非皮肤癣菌的污染或寄生问题.     

甲真菌病400例致病真菌分析

目的:确定上海地区甲真菌病的致病菌种。方法:对本院皮肤科门诊就诊的直接镜检阳性的400例甲真菌病患者的甲标本做真菌分离培养和分析。结果:分离出致病真菌233株,其中皮肤癣菌120株(红色毛癣菌104株,须癣毛癣菌10株,犬小孢子菌3株,絮状表皮癣菌3株),酵母菌68株,非皮肤癣菌11株(曲霉6株,青霉5株),其余为丝状真菌。结论:上海地区甲真菌病的致病真菌以皮肤癣菌为主,酵母菌中非白念珠菌占有一定比例。     

深圳地区甲真菌病病原菌流行病学的多中心研究

目的 了解深圳地区最近4年甲真菌病病原菌的种类和构成,发现流行病学特点。方法 以多中心研究方式选取深圳地区6家不同区域的主要医院,选取临床表现典型、真菌镜检阳性的1162例甲真菌病患者进行真菌分离培养。结果共培养出致病真菌553株。皮肤癣菌占68.53％,以红色毛癣菌为主占52.26％,其次是须癣毛癣菌占11.21％;酵母菌占25.68％,其中以白念珠菌最多占9.22％;霉菌占5.79％,主要是曲霉属和青霉属;混合感染占4.30％。结论深圳地区最近4年甲真菌病病原菌为皮肤癣菌、酵母菌和霉菌。红色毛癣菌和白念珠菌所占比例最高。     

武汉地区甲真菌病的致病菌及菌种变迁分析

目的了解1999年1月~2005年12月武汉地区甲真菌病的致病菌种分布及变迁情况。方法对1999年1月~2005年12月甲真菌病患者的真菌培养资料1237例进行系统分析总结。结果真菌培养阳性895例,阳性率72.4%。致病菌中,皮肤癣菌559株(61.1%),酵母菌287株(31.4%),霉菌69株(7.5%)。皮肤癣菌中红色毛癣菌占95.0%(531/559),酵母菌中念珠菌属占71.8%(206/287),霉菌中曲霉属占53.6%(37/69);混合感染20例占2.2%。结论武汉地区甲真菌病的致病菌中以皮肤癣菌为主,其中红色毛癣菌为优势菌种,但是占致病菌的比例下降;酵母菌属和念珠菌属的比例上升;霉菌中以曲霉属和镰刀菌属为主。甲真菌病混合感染的比例上升。     

广州地区甲真菌病病原菌流行病学的多中心研究

目的：了解近年来广州地区甲真菌病病原菌的种类和构成情况,获取流行病学的资料。方法：我们于1997年11月-1998年11月采取多中心研究的方式组织了广州地区不同区域的6家主要医院对有典型临床表现且真菌镜检阳性的1045例甲真菌病患者进行了真菌分离培养。结果：共培养出致病真菌915株,构成比为皮肤癣菌占64.81%（593/915）,其中红色毛癣菌占51.48%（471/915）,须癣毛癣菌占10.49%(96/915);酵母菌占28.09%(257/915),其中以白念珠菌最常见为13.01%(119/915）;霉菌占7.1%(96/915）,主要是曲霉和青霉。混合感染指趾甲占6.73%(57/847）。结论：近年来广州地区的甲真菌病的病原菌为皮肤癣菌、酵母菌和霉菌,其中以红色毛癣菌和白念珠菌最常见。     

1229例甲真菌病致病菌分离培养结果分析

目的了解近5年来我科就诊患者甲真菌病病原菌的构成分布情况。方法对2006年5月-2010年12月来我科门诊就诊的有典型,临床表现且真菌镜检阳性的患者进行了致病菌的分离培养。结果1229例中,591例培养阳性,阳性率48．09％。其中皮肤癣茵311株（52．62％）,以红色毛癣菌为主,占50．08％,须癣毛癣菌与紫色毛癣菌合计占2．54％;酵母茵188株（31-81％）,克柔念珠茵为主,占16．92％,其次为光滑念珠菌5．58％,热带念珠菌和白念珠菌分别为3．89％和2．37％;霉菌92株（15．57％）,以曲霉为主,占10．15％,其次为青霉,占5．08％。结论在我科就诊患者的甲真菌病病原茵中,主要致病菌以皮肤癣茵为主,其次为酵母菌。本研究结果与该地区1980-1994年期间甲真菌病病原菌的构成存在差异,皮肤癣菌的比例有所下降,酵母菌和霉茵所占比例上升。     

南京地区305例甲真菌病临床及致病菌分析

目的了解南京地区甲真菌病的临床分类、致病菌种分布等情况。方法对305例镜检阳性的甲真菌病患者进行真菌培养、菌种鉴定及临床分析。结果共培养出致病菌株165株,培养阳性率为54.1%。皮肤癣菌占91%,其中红色毛癣菌占95%,其次是须癣毛癣菌占5%;酵母菌占4.2%,白念珠菌占57%;非皮肤癣菌霉菌占4.8%,以枝顶孢霉为主(占75%),混合感染1例。临床类型以远端侧位甲下型最为常见(占48.2%),其次分别为浅表白色型(24.9%)和全甲破坏型(23.3%)。结论南京地区甲真菌病致病菌以皮肤癣菌为主,其次是非皮肤癣菌霉菌和酵母菌,红色毛癣菌为甲真菌病的优势致病菌。临床类型以远端侧位甲下型居多,其他依次为浅表白色型、全甲破坏型、近端甲下型。就诊人群以20~50岁居多,女性多于男性。     

甲真菌病719例临床及致病真菌分析

目的了解天津地区甲真菌病的临床分类、菌种构成及其分布。方法对直接镜检阳性的719例甲真菌病患者进行了真菌培养、鉴定和临床分析。结果719例患者中真菌培养阳性510例,阳性率70.93%,皮肤癣菌、酵母、非皮肤癣菌霉菌(NDM)所占比例分别为76.24%,16.47%和7.25%。皮肤癣菌中红色毛癣菌占81.30%(326/401),酵母菌中以白念珠菌居首,占44.29%(31/70),非皮肤癣菌中以青霉和曲霉为主。临床类型以远端侧位甲下型甲真菌病(DLSO)最为常见。就诊人群中以36岁～55岁年龄段为主,占42.75%(218/510)。男性发病率(67.25%)总体高于女性(32.75%),且各年龄段患者的致病菌均以皮肤癣菌为主。结论天津地区甲真菌病的临床类型以DLSO为主,不同年龄、性别存在差异,红色毛癣菌为优势致病菌,符合国内流行趋势。     

广州市185株甲真菌病病原菌构成分析

目的：了解广州市甲真菌病病原菌的构成分布情况。方法：对2008年3月至2009年10月我科实验室185例甲屑培养阳性的病例及其病原菌构成比例进行回顾性分析。结果：185株菌中酵母菌占61.5%,其中光滑念珠菌最多见（19.0%）,次为近平滑念珠菌（15.1%）;皮肤癣菌占35.2%,主要以红色毛癣菌为主（17.8%）,须癣毛癣菌次之（16.2%）;非皮肤癣菌霉菌占4.8%,以黑曲霉为主（3.3%）。结论：本研究显示广州市甲真菌病病原菌中主要致病菌为酵母菌,其次为皮肤癣菌。     

内蒙古医科大学附属医院47年浅部真菌病及病原菌分析

目的探讨内蒙古医科大学附属医院近50年浅部真菌病分布以及致病菌种构成的动态变化。方法对该院皮肤性病科47年真菌培养阳性的15 648例患者临床资料、真菌培养鉴定结果进行分析。结果浅部真菌病位列前3的是足癣、手癣和甲真菌病;甲真菌病病原菌以红色毛癣菌为主,白念珠菌和其他酵母菌随着年代的增加逐渐增多;体癣与头癣病原菌以犬小孢子菌为主,并随着年代逐渐增多;所有培养阳性菌株中,列前3位的是红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌复合体和犬小孢子菌。结论从1970—2016年浅部真菌病的病原菌变化不大,皮肤癣菌仍占主要优势,以红色毛癣菌、须癣毛癣菌复合体为主。     

儿童甲真菌病82例临床及病原菌分析

目的了解儿童甲真菌病的主要临床特征,危险因素及病原菌的种类和构成情况。方法对2003年3月～2006年12月本科门诊就诊的真菌直接镜检阳性的82例儿童甲真菌病患者(年龄≤18岁)进行流行病学调查及真菌的分离培养。结果儿童甲真菌病最常见的感染类型是远端侧缘甲下型,指甲感染者较趾甲感染者常见。手癣、足癣、甲外伤、长期穿不透气的鞋袜是儿童甲真菌病的危险因素。共分离出致病真菌64株,皮肤癣菌59株(92.19%),其中红色毛癣菌57株(89.06%);酵母菌5株(7.81%),白念珠菌最常见。结论儿童甲真菌病最常见的致病菌是红色毛癣菌,其次为白念珠菌。临床特征和危险因素的分析对于儿童甲真菌病的防治具有重要意义。     

儿童、青少年甲真菌病临床特点及致病菌分析

目的:确定儿童、青少年甲真菌病的主要临床特征和致病菌的种类。方法:回顾性分析220例(年龄18岁)甲真菌病患者的临床特征和致病菌种类。结果:220例患者中男110例,女100例,年龄3个月~17岁,儿童、青少年甲真菌病最常见的感染类型是远端侧缘甲下型(50.45%)和白色浅表型(42.27%)。趾甲较指甲感染常见,共分离出病原菌228株(混合感染8例),其中皮肤癣菌199株(87.28%)、念珠菌属27株(11.84%)、曲霉菌属2株(0.88%)。在199株皮肤癣菌属中红色毛癣菌192株(96.48%),趾甲真菌病多为红色毛癣菌,指甲多为念珠菌属。结论:儿童、青少年甲真菌病中最常见的病原菌为红色毛癣菌,其次为念珠菌属。     

EVALUATION OF CLINICOMYCOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ONYCHOMYCOSIS

Background:

Incidence of onychomycosis has increased tremendously in recent times. Relatively little work has been done on this problem in our country. Research in past has been concentrated mainly on superficial mycoses of the skin.

Aim:

It is a well-established fact that geographical distribution of the fungi may change from time to time; hence, this study was planned to analyze clinical, epidemiological, and mycological features of onychomycosis.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty patients clinically suspected and microscopically proven to have onychomycosis were taken up for the study. Nail samples, collected by scraping in 30 patients and by using a dental drill in the rest, were examined microscopically and cultured for fungus.

Results and Conclusions:

Forty-five fungal isolates were obtained from 60 patients. Trichophyton rubrum was the commonest fungus isolated (46.67%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans accounted for 20% and 15.56% isolates, respectively. Two cases showed mixed growth of Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus niger in one and Trichophyton rubrum and Aspergillus fumigatus in the other. Isolation rate was higher by drilling compared to scraping, the rates being 83.33% and 66.67%, respectively. Superficial mycotic infections were present in 27 patients (45%).     

Onychomycosis in Lahore, Pakistan

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis, a common nail disorder, is caused by yeasts, dermatophytes, and nondermatophyte molds. These fungi give rise to diverse clinical presentations. The present study aimed to isolate the causative pathogens and to determine the various clinical patterns of onychomycosis in the population in Lahore, Pakistan. PATIENTS: In 100 clinically suspected cases, the diagnosis was confirmed by mycologic culture. Different clinical patterns were noted and correlated with causative pathogens. RESULTS: Seventy-two women (mean age, 32.6 +/- 14.8 years) and 28 men (mean age, 40.6 +/- 15.8 years) were studied. Fingernails were involved in 50%, toenails in 23%, and both fingernails and toenails in 27% of patients. The various clinical types noted were distolateral subungual onychomycosis (47%), candidal onychomycosis (36%), total dystrophic onychomycosis (12%), superficial white onychomycosis (3%), and proximal subungual onychomycosis (2%). Candida was the most common pathogen (46%), followed by dermatophytes (43%) (Trichophyton rubrum (31%), T. violaceum (5%), T. mentagrophytes (4%), T. tonsurans (2%), and Epidermophyton floccosum (1%) and nondermatophyte molds (11%) (Fusarium (4%), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (2%), Aspergillus (2%), Acremonium (1%), Scytalidium dimidiatum (1%), and Alternaria (1%). CONCLUSIONS: Onychomycosis is more common in women of 20-40 years of age. Distolateral subungual onychomycosis and candidal onychomycosis are the most common clinical presentations, and Candida and T. rubrum are the major pathogens in Pakistan.     

Onychomycosis in Adana, Turkey: a 5-year study

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis results from invasion of the nail plate by dermatophytes, yeasts or mould species of fungi. This report documents the etiological agents of onychomycosis in Adana, Turkey. METHODS: Results of mycological tests of nail clippings or subungal scrapings collected in the period between 1998 and 2002 were analyzed. Both the direct microscopy and the cultures of the nail material were performed to identify the causative agent. RESULTS: Out of a total of 388 cases examined, finger (12.4%) and toenail (87.6%) involvement, 155 (39.9%), were mycologically proven cases of onychomycosis (15 finger, 140 toenail). Among the 98 specimens from positive fungal cultures, dermatophytes were isolated in 74 (75.5%), and yeasts in 24 (24.5%). Trichophyton rubrum was the most common causative agent (48.0%), followed by T. mentagophytes var. interdigitale (26.6%), Candida tropicalis (11.2%), C. albicans (9.2%), C. glabrata (2.0%), C. krusei (2.0%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (1.0%). CONCLUSIONS: Dermatophyte fungi, especially T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale, were responsible for most of the infections.     

兰州地区浅部真菌病及病原菌种类分析

目的　了解兰州地区浅部真菌病发病情况及病原菌菌种分布特点。方法　对临床拟诊为浅部真菌病的患者 14 43例 ,取标本行 10 %KOH涂片镜检、分离培养及菌种鉴定。登记镜检阳性患者的相关临床资料 ,分析浅部真菌病的发病特点。结果　真菌镜检阳性 5 94例 (4 1.2 % ) ,主要为足癣 2 3 0例 (3 8.7% )、甲真菌病 165例 (2 7.8% )、手癣 80例(13 .5 % ) ;分离菌株 2 2 1株 ,其中红色毛癣菌 97株 (4 3 .9% )、须癣毛癣菌 65株 (2 9.4% )、念珠菌 3 1株 (14 .0 % ) ,其他菌种2 8株 (12 .7% )。结论　兰州地区浅部真菌病中足癣最常见 ;致病菌以红色毛癣菌占首位 ,须癣毛癣菌位于第二 ,念珠菌居第三。     

Onychomycosis and Trichosporon beigelii in Korea

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis is a common superficial fungal infection. Causative organisms in onychomycosis have been extensively studied, but the role of nondermatophytes is controversial. Trichosporon beigelii is a soil and water inhabiting yeast and is occasionally found in the flora normally associated with human skin, mouth, and nails. Several reports in the literature have suggested that T. beigelii is one of the pathogens in onychomycosis. METHODS: We performed a survey of the mycologic laboratory records of patients clinically suspected of having onychomycosis from July 1996 to December 1998. RESULTS: Out of a total of 2591 nail samples examined, 1222 (47.2%) were culture positive, including 262 cases (10.1%) with T. beigelii. The overall positive rate for the KOH mount examination was 58.8%, and in the cases with T. beigelii was 89.1%. Among the age groups, the incidence rate was highest in the fifth decade (26.6%). The most common causative organism of microscopy-positive onychomycosis was Trichophyton rubrum (61.4%); the others in decreasing frequency were T. beigelii (20.4%), Candida spp. (7.3%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (4.1%), and mixed infection (2.9%). T. beigelii was repeatedly isolated in successive nail cultures from 10 of 20 patients selected from those with T. beigelii nail infection. CONCLUSIONS: T. beigelii was the second most commonly isolated fungus in onychomycosis and had a high positive rate on KOH mount examination of the nails and successive repeated cultures. We suggest that T. beigelii might be a common pathogen of onychomycosis in Korea.     

White superficial onychomycosis: epidemiological, clinical, and pathological study of 79 patients

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiology, responsible agents, clinical features, and outcome of white superficial onychomycosis (WSO). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 79 patients with WSO seen at the Department of Dermatology of Bologna University from 1994 to 2002. Responsible agents included Trichophyton interdigitale in 58 cases (73%), Trichophyton rubrum in 4 (5%), Fusarium species in 9 (11%), Aspergillus species in 5 (6%), and Acremonium strictum in 3 (3%). RESULTS: White superficial onychomycosis may have different clinical and epidemiological features. "Classic" WSO, characterized by superficial nail plate involvement, is usually due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes (var interdigitale), although Acremonium strictum or Onychocola canadiensis can sometimes be responsible. A deep and diffuse WSO, characterized by massive penetration of the nail plate by fungi, can be seen in nail infections by molds such as Fusarium species and Aspergillus species, or in nail infections by Trichophyton rubrum in healthy children and in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. CONCLUSIONS: Severity and spread of WSO is the result of complex host-parasite relationships. When dealing with a patient with WSO, we should always consider the causative organism and the host characteristics to choose the best therapeutic approach.