Fe^3＋/AC处理含重金属Cu^2＋的有机废水

目的采用Fe^3＋负载在活性炭上的催化剂（Fe^3＋/AC）处理含重金属Cu^2＋的有机废水。方法通过改变pH值、用量、搅拌时间等因素,研究了负载化的活性炭对重金属及有机物质的吸附特性和处理效果。结果研究表明,活性炭采用Fe^3＋负载后吸附能力显著增强,对有机染料和重金属Cu^2＋离子有较强的吸附性能和催化氧化能力。结论在适宜条件下,有色物质的脱色率可达95%,重金属Cu^2＋离子的去除率达93%。     

半夏炮制废水的混凝处理试验

本文对中药材半夏在炮制过程中所产生的废水进行了混凝处理试验,结果表明混凝法对半夏炮制废水的处理是有效的,可使废水中的SS的去除率(以浊度计)达到88%~98%,混凝剂(PAC)最佳投加量为1.0~3.0g.L-1。但因半夏炮制废水中的COD cr浓度很高,混凝处理后的COD cr仍不能满足排放要求,须作进一步的后续处理。     

膜生物反应器处理头孢类制药废水中的试验研究

采用膜-生物反应器(MBR)对头孢类制药废水厌氧处理出水进行处理,并与传统的活性污泥法进行了比较。实验结果表明:CODcr的平均去除率达90%以上,污泥龄在40-50天之间,污泥浓度控制在6000mg/L~10000mg/L,MBR可长期稳定运行。出水CODcr、停留时间HRT等参数有很大程度的降低,出水基本无悬浮物,CODcr去除率提高好于传统活性污泥处理,系统抗负荷冲击能力强。     

活性炭对盐酸左氟沙星吸附的研究

目的:研究活性炭对盐酸左氟沙星的吸附.方法:利用紫外分光光度法,通过不同量的活性炭对相同浓度的盐酸左氟沙星吸附,及相同量的活性炭对不同浓度、不同pH值、不同温度时盐酸左氟沙星吸附的研究,进而得出盐酸左氟沙星的最佳配制工艺.结果:活性炭量、盐酸左氟沙星的浓度、配制温度对盐酸左氟沙星的吸附有明显影响,而相同量的活性炭对不同pH值的盐酸左氟沙星的吸附作用无明显影响.结论:配制盐酸左氟沙星注射液在室温、活性炭量为0.025%～0.1%,并采用浓配法,可减少活性炭对药物吸附,结果较为理想.     

壳聚糖对重金属离子Cu和Pb的吸附研究

目的处理实验室废水中的重金属离子。方法本文对壳聚糖对模拟废水中的微量重金属离子Cu和Pb的吸附进行了研究,确定了最佳吸附条件。结果在实验室条件下,Cu2＋的最佳pH=9,Pb2＋的最佳pH=6,壳聚糖最佳用量均为10g/L,最佳吸附时间均为20min,温度均为常温,壳聚糖脱乙酰度均为85%。结论壳聚糖对水中微量重金属离子有较好的吸附效果,可作为重金属离子的吸附剂用于实验室重金属离子废水的处理。     

正交设计优选甘草酸二铵注射液的制备工艺

目的用正交设计方法优选甘草酸二铵注射液的制备工艺。方法采用正交设计,选择活性炭用量,中间品的pH值,微孔滤膜孔径,活性炭吸附温度四个因素,每个因素安排四个水平,按L16(45)安排正交实验,用2个指标的加权评分值判定工艺优劣,实验结果进行方差分析。结果实验证明,活性炭对甘草酸二铵有明显吸附作用;影响该药成品率的主要因素为活性炭及pH值;在主药浓度、吸附时间固定的条件下:加炭0.025%、中间品pH值为7.5、吸附温度为70℃、滤膜孔径为0.45μm的优化条件下,活性炭对甘草酸二铵吸附最小、热原检查合格、澄明度、成品率最高。结论配制甘草酸二铵注射液要对上述各因素进行控制,避免原料损失,提高成品率及产品质量。     

活性炭对替硝唑注射液制备的影响

目的 考察活性炭对替硝唑注射液制备的影响.方法 制备过程中分别加入不同浓度的活性炭,测定其含量及pH值.结果 活性炭对pH值无显著影响(F0.05＞F),对替硝唑含量有极显著影响(F＞F0.01).结论 活性炭的最佳用量为0.02%～0.04%.     

正交试验设计法对甲硝唑注射液配制方法的探讨

本文用正交试验设计法对甲硝唑注射液配制方法进行了探讨。实验结果表明,活性炭用量、煮沸时间和配制方法均对甲硝唑注射液有显著性影响(F>0.01),溶液pH值和消毒温度对甲硝唑注射液有显著影响(F>0.05)。选择最佳配制方法为:活性炭用量0.1％,吸附时间为煮沸10分钟,溶液pH值5.0～5.5,灭菌温度110℃30分钟。     

壳聚糖对实验室废水中Zn~（2＋）最佳吸附条件的研究

目的探讨壳聚糖吸附处理重金属离子Zn2＋的最佳工艺条件,以及再生后对其吸附性能的影响,以便为实际应用提供参考。方法建立实验室模拟废水,并采用壳聚糖对模拟废水中的微量重金属离子Zn2＋进行吸附试验,观察不同pH值、壳聚糖用量、时间、温度下最佳吸附效果。结果在实验室条件下,壳聚糖对Zn2＋最佳吸附条件是Zn2＋溶液pH为6,壳聚糖用量为0.4g,时间30min,温度为35℃。结论壳聚糖对水中微量重金属离子有较好的吸附效果,可作为重金属离子的吸附剂用于实验室重金属离子废水的处理。     

活性炭对氨基酸混合液吸附脱色的研究

以四种粉末状活性炭作为脱色剂,对猪血粉水解液进行脱色比较,结果表明:江西产的4号粉末状活性炭脱色效果最佳。本文还对4号脱色炭的脱色条件进行了摸索研究。     

万古霉素发酵液凝聚与絮凝研究

对凝聚与絮凝法预处理万古霉素发酵液的工艺进行了研究，初步选用三种凝聚剂、三种絮凝剂，以滤速、沉淀物重量、滤液澄清度、滤液中万古霉素含量以及万古霉素液相色谱峰面积占总积分面积百分比为指标，考察凝聚剂与絮凝剂的作用效果。从中选择偏铝酸钠、壳聚糖，并详细研究其用量、pH对预处理效果的影响，结果显示偏铝酸钠为较合适的凝聚剂。进一步讨论了搅拌时间对凝聚效果的影响，通过正交试验确定了最佳凝聚工艺条件为：pH4，偏铝酸钠用量750mg／L，搅拌时间6min。     

硫酸头孢匹罗结晶工艺的优化研究#br#

目的 优化硫酸头孢匹罗结晶工艺,降低产品色级、提高含量。方法 采用单因素试验考察脱色pH值、活性炭用量、硫酸头孢匹罗粗品流加速率、晶种用量对产品色级、含量的影响。通过正交试验优选最佳硫酸头孢匹罗结晶工艺条件,并进行3批试验验证,优化工艺。结果 硫酸头孢匹罗结晶工艺的最佳条件为脱色pH4.0、活性炭用量为4%、硫酸头孢匹罗粗品流加速率1.5mL/min、晶种用量2%。3批验证试验与正交试验结果一致,产品质量均符合企业内控质量标准。结论 优化后的工艺稳定可行,可以有效降低产品色级,提高含量,产生可观的经济效益。     

硫酸头孢匹罗结晶工艺的优化研究#br#

目的 优化硫酸头孢匹罗结晶工艺,降低产品色级、提高含量。方法 采用单因素试验考察脱色pH值、活性炭用量、硫酸头孢匹罗粗品流加速率、晶种用量对产品色级、含量的影响。通过正交试验优选最佳硫酸头孢匹罗结晶工艺条件,并进行3批试验验证,优化工艺。结果 硫酸头孢匹罗结晶工艺的最佳条件为脱色pH4.0、活性炭用量为4%、硫酸头孢匹罗粗品流加速率1.5mL/min、晶种用量2%。3批验证试验与正交试验结果一致,产品质量均符合企业内控质量标准。结论 优化后的工艺稳定可行,可以有效降低产品色级,提高含量,产生可观的经济效益。     

Removal of oxytetracycline and determining its biosorption properties on aerobic granular sludge

This study investigates biosorption of Oxytetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, using aerobic granular sludge as an adsorbent in aqueous solutions. A sequencing batch reactor fed by a synthetic wastewater was operated to create aerobic granular sludge. Primarily, the pore structure and surface area of granular sludge, the chemical structure and the molecular sizes of the pharmaceutical, operating conditions, such as pH, stirring rate, initial concentration of Oxytetracycline, during adsorption process was verified. Subsequently, thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the adsorption were examined and adsorption isotherm studies were carried out. It was shown that the aerobic granular sludge was a good alternative for biosorption of this pharmaceutical. The pharmaceutical was adsorbed better at pH values of 6–8. The adsorption efficiency increased with rising ionic strength. Also, it was seen that the adsorption process was an exothermic process in terms of thermodynamics. The adsorption can be well explained by Langmuir isotherm model.     

Magnesium modified activated carbons derived from coconut shells for the removal of fluoride from water

Fluoride presence in water has been recognized as one of the major water related global problems, rendering the development of effective technologies for its removal as a very significant issue, for improving human health and well-being in the affected areas. Among the commonly applied technologies for fluoride removal, adsorption has gained great attention because it offers efficiency, low-cost treatment and simple operation. The present study aimed at developing novel adsorbents, namely activated carbon modified by magnesium or/and lanthanum and silica for fluoride removal. The structure and the morphology of resulted modified activated carbons (AC-Mg and AC-Si-Mg-La) were studied in detail by the application of BET, XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. The proposed adsorbent materials were tested for the treatment of fluoride containing waters. The effects of the adsorbent's dosage, initial concentration of pollutant, pH value of the water and regeneration efficiency were examined. According to the obtained results, the maximum adsorption was observed at pH 8, after 4 h of reaction and 0.2 g/L of adsorbent dose. Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model fitted the experimental data sufficiently. At pH 8 a maximum adsorption capacity of 36.56 mg/g for AC-Mg and 54.48 mg/g for AC-Si-Mg-La, was found. Repeated adsorption and regeneration studies showed only a 10% decrease of adsorption capacity after 4 regeneration cycles of operation.     

RSM optimized adsorptive removal of erythromycin using magnetic activated carbon: Adsorption isotherm,kinetic modeling and thermodynamic studies

Erythromycin molecules are resistant in the environment due to the structure of its aromatic-ring that makes it hard to remove or degradation. Nowadays, the presence of ERY in water and wastewater has been reported are above the standard level in various researches. Therefore, the removal and degradation of residues of ERY from wastewaters is important. The magnetic activated carbon is fabricated from Gogan almond shells and characterized and then applied to removal erythromycin from wastewater and water. Several techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman, VSM, TGA, and BET were applied to characterize the adsorbent (MAC). Four important factors of sorbent weight, contact time, initial drug concentration, and temperature were optimized by the Response Surface Methodology technique. The maximum adsorption of 95.125% is attained at the initial drug concentration of 65 mg L^-1, sorbent weight of 1.55 g L^-1, the contact time of 76.25 min, and at the temperature of 35 °C. The results show that the experimental data exhibits the best agreement with the isotherm model of Freundlich. In the kinetics study, the experimental data fit well to the kinetic model of pseudo-second-order. The calculated thermodynamic variable factors designated that the adsorption of erythromycin on magnetic activated carbon is endothermic and spontaneous. Finally, the outcomes of this study display that the magnetic activated carbon from Gogan almond shells is an efficient and effective reusable sorbent for the erythromycin removal from the wastewater.     

Low-cost silica xerogels as potential adsorbents for ciprofloxacin removal

Ciprofloxacin, a second generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is one of the top pharmaceutical contaminants in water and many approaches have been developed for the removal of ciprofloxacin in wastewater. In this study, ciprofloxacin adsorption is carried out using a low-cost silica xerogel synthesized by a simple sol-gel method. The effect of pH, contact time, initial concentration of ciprofloxacin and temperature on the adsorption of ciprofloxacin by the silica xerogel is investigated. At optimum adsorption conditions, the experimental data fits well to a Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum ciprofloxacin adsorption capacity is determined as 24.45 mg g^?1. Thermodynamic parameters show that ciprofloxacin adsorption by the silica xerogel is a spontaneous endothermic process. Moreover, reusability experiments reveal that the silica xerogel can be effectively used several times for ciprofloxacin adsorption. The promising results indicate that the silica xerogel can be regarded as potential adsorbent for ciprofloxacin removal.     

活性炭影响甲硝唑注射液含量的考察

目的:探求甲硝唑注射液配制过程中适宜的条件及活性炭用量。方法:考察活性炭不同用量以及不同配制温度、放置时间、pH值对甲硝唑注射液含量的影响,并作统计分析。结果:甲硝唑含量下降程度与活性炭加入量呈正相关(P<0.01);放置时间越长,下降幅度越大;而温度与pH值对含量影响则较小。结论:甲硝唑注射液配制温度、放置时间、pH值、活性炭用量以分别控制在40℃～80℃、10min～15min、4.5～7.0、0.02%～0.05%为宜,超出此控制范围应适当调整甲硝唑的用量。