Comparison of peripapillary and macular vascular density in primary open-angle glaucoma,pseudoexfoliation glaucoma,and normal control eyes

PurposeTo compare the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) of the macula, and optic disc in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG), and normal eyes.MethodsIn this observational, cross-sectional study, Sixty–five eyes with POAG, 61 eyes of age, and mean deviation (MD) from standard automated perimetry matched PXG patients, and 45 normal control eyes underwent OCT-A using AngioVue, and optic disc-associated vessel density (VD), macular-associated VD, Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ perimeter (PERIM), and vessel density within a 300 μm wide region of the FAZ (FD) were compared between groups.ResultsPeripapillary OCT-A parameters were significantly different among normal, and glaucomatous eyes with the highest values in the control eyes, but none of the peripapillary OCT-A parameters except inside disc VD was statistically significantly different between the PXG eyes, and POAG eyes. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlation between mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and peripapillary VD in control (r = 0.427, P = 0.006), PXG (r = 0.82, P<0.001), and POAG (r = 0.79, P<0.001) eyes.PXG eyes exhibited significantly lower superficial, and deep macular vessel densities in parafoveal and perifoveal regions compared with POAG eyes after adjustment (p<= 0.05). Overall, moderate /severe PXG eyes had lower superficial, and deep vessel densities in parafoveal and perifoveal regions compared to mild PXG.ConclusionPeripapillary VD (inside disc), and macular vessel densities (parafovea and perifovea) demonstrate a significant difference in age and glaucoma severity-matched POAG and PXG eyes. Moderate/advance glaucomatous eyes, exhibit significant damage to the superficial and deep macular vascular structures.     

原发性闭角型青光眼术后并发恶性青光眼的多因素分析

目的 分析原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)术后发生恶性青光眼危险因素,以期为临床诊疗提供参考.方法 回顾分析2013年1月至2016年6月在武警总医院接受抗青光眼手术的PACG患者的临床资料.依据患者术后是否出现恶性青光眼将患者分为观察组和对照组.结果 共纳入患者238例315眼,其中观察组共17例22眼;对照组共221例293眼.观察组患者的眼轴长度、前房深度、晶体厚度均显著小于对照组(P<0.05).单因素分析显示,年龄<50岁、术前持续高眼压、眼轴长度<22 mm、前房深度<2 mm、晶体厚度<4.5 mm、房角完全关闭、慢性闭角型是影响患者术后并发恶性青光眼的可能危险因素(P<0.05).Logistic回归分析发现,年龄<50岁及眼轴长度<22 mm是PACG术后出现恶性青光眼的独立风险因素(P<0.05).结论 年轻、术前眼压较高、眼轴较短、前房较浅、晶体较薄、房角关闭、慢性闭角型青光眼的PACG患者在术前易出现恶性青光眼并发症,尤其是年轻及眼轴较短患者应予以重视.     

Ozone-induced retinal vascular reactivity as assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the retinal vascular reactivity (RVR) of the macular and peripapillary capillary network in response to ozonated autohemotherapy (AHT) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis was a single-centre prospective study. All participants that were planned to have a combination of major and minor ozone AHT underwent a complete ocular examination and OCTA imaging before and after the ozone AHT. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics and vessel density (VD) of superficial (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) plexus were assessed using the built-in software.ResultsA total of 40 right eyes of 40 individuals were included. No significant differences were observed for the mean values of the FAZ metrics and choriocapillaris flow area following ozone AHT compared with baseline values (p > 0.05). The mean whole VD of SCP and DCP was 47.80 ± 2.18% and 53.09 ± 3.00% before treatment, which decreased to 47.68 ± 2.7% and 52.38 ± 3.07% after treatment (p = 0.660 and p = 0.097, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the vascular densities of both SCP and DCP in any quadrant (p > 0.05). The RPC density did not show significant alterations compared with baseline values, except the inferior-hemi region. The VD in the inferior-hemi peripapillary quadrant was significantly increased after ozone AHT (p = 0.034).ConclusionThe ozone AHT did not cause evident RVR in the macular area, whereas the peripapillary area showed a partial response.     

Optic nerve head vessel density in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome/glaucoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeExfoliative material has been shown to accumulate in ocular and systemic tissues. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature evaluating optic nerve head vessel density (VD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with XFS and XFG.MethodsStudies were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies comparing patients with XFS and/or XFG patients to healthy controls, using the optic nerve head-centred 4.5 × 4.5 mm square OCTA scan protocol were included. Pooled results are presented as standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Meta-regression analysis was performed between mean difference in circumpapillary VD between XFG and controls and mean pRNFL thickness in patients with XFG.ResultsFifteen studies with 1475 eyes were included in this review. Whole image VD and circumpapillary VD (cpVD) were significantly decreased in patients with XFS [−0.78(95% Cl: −1.08, −0.47); −0.55(95% Cl: −0.80, −0.30); respectively] and XFG [−1.85(95% CI: −2.33, −1.36); −1.84 (95% CI: −2.30, −1.39); respectively] compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, pRNFL thickness decreased in patients with XFS [−0.55(95% Cl: −0.72, −0.35)] and XFG [−1.78(95% Cl: −2.21, −1.36)] compared to healthy controls. Meta-regression showed that pRNFL thickness decreased with increasing mean cpVD difference in XFG patients compared to healthy controls.ConclusionsOCTA provides non-invasive, objective and reproducible assessment of peripapillary VD and is important for the detection of vasculopathy in patients with XFS or XFG. This study provides strong evidence for decreased cpVD in the eyes of patients with XFS and XFG.     

Retinal findings of COVID-19 patients using ocular coherence tomography angiography two to three months after infection: Ocular appearance recovered COVID-19 patient

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the ocular disorders in COVID-19 patients, two to three months after infection.MethodsIn this cross-sectional, historically controlled study, fifty-one COVID-19 patients were compared with thirty-seven age, and gender-matched healthy individuals. After complete ophthalmological examination, all participants underwent peripapillary and macular optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) measurements (OptoVue Inc, Freemont, CA, USA).ResultsThe time between the initial onset of symptoms, and ophthalmologic examination was 63.31±15.21 (40–95 days). Ophthalmic examination of all the recovered COVID-19 patients was within normal range. None of the peripapillary and macular OCTA parameters were significantly different between the two groups with pairwise comparisons, but after adjusting for age, gender, axial length, and signal strength index (SSI), recovered COVID-19 eyes showed a significant increase in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thickness, superficial, and deep macular vessel densities in parafoveal and perifoveal regions compared with healthy control eyes (p<= 0.05). Inner retinal thickness overall is higher in recovered COVID-19 eyes compared to healthy eyes after adjustment.ConclusionPatients with moderate-intensity SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia had altered peripapillary and macular vessel density compared to healthy subjects. Further investigation is warranted to analyze the correlation of these changes with disease severity as well as evolution of these changes over time.     

The role of optical coherence tomography angiography in reticular pseudodrusen

BackgroundTo investigate the changes in retinal and choriocapillaris vessel density (VD) in patients effected by early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and reticular pseudodrusen (RPD), using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA).MethodsA total of seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients (43 male, 35 female, mean age 72.61 ± 5.15) with non-neovascular AMD (38 eyes with early AMD and 40 eyes with RPD) was recruited in this observational prospective study. Forty eyes of 40 healthy subjects represented the control group. The VD was measured in superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris in different macular regions.ResultsThere were no significant differences in VD of the SCP and DCP among the controls and the two study groups (p > 0.05). The VD of the choriocapillaris revealed a statistically significant reduction in early AMD and RPD groups respect to controls (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients with RPD showed a significantly decreased VD respect to patients with early AMD in different macular regions (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe quantitative analysis of retinal and choriocapillaris blood flow by OCTA provided useful information regarding the vascular changes in non-neovascular AMD patients suggesting that the choriocapillaris loss is mainly involved in the pathogenesis of RPD.     

Choriocapillary regional characteristics in idiopathic macular holes using optical coherence tomography angiography

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of vascular density (VD) of the retinal capillary plexuses in idiopathic macular hole (IMH), the fellow eye, and healthy control eyes by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: A retrospective cases series study involving 20 unilateral eyes (20 patients) with IMH, the unaffected fellow eyes (n = 20) and 20 health controls, with age- and sex-matched, was conducted in Shanxi Eye Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. VD of the retinal capillary plexuses measurements were obtained by OCTA.Results: Four quadrants of superficial capillary plexuses (SCP) in IMH eyes were not significant compared with that in the unaffected fellow eyes (all P > 0.05). The four quadrants of deep capillary plexuses (DCP) in IMH eyes were lower than that in the unaffected fellow eyes (all P < 0.05). Different regions retinal thickness in the IMH eyes was higher than that in the unaffected fellow eyes (all P < 0.05). a significant negative correlation between deep vessel density and retinal thickness in different quadrants among IMH eyes (all P < 0.05). Additionally, the correlation between the vascular density of SCP and retinal thickness was significant in macular fovea area (= 0.519, P = 0.019). <0.001.Conclusions: The morphology of retina and choroid in idiopathic macular hole is different from that in fellow eye. The thickness of choroid in the fovea area of the unaffected eye also showed a decreasing trend. Taken together, the mechanism of macular hole may be further understood, that is, the decrease of choroid thickness may occur before the macular hole formation. It was verified again that the choroidal blood flow area in macular fovea of IMH patients was significantly lower than that in fellow eyes and healthy eyes.     

原发性开角型青光眼V1区皮层功能变化的功能MRI研究

目的 利用fMRI视网膜皮层映射技术研究原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)患者V1区皮层功能变化.方法 选取15例POAG患者及15名正常志愿者,利用视网膜皮层映射分区刺激和圆形黑白翻转棋盘格刺激采集fMRI数据.采用配对样本t检验比较POAG患者患侧眼与健侧眼V1区的fMRI反应、独立样本t检验比较健侧眼与匹配的正常人眼V1区的fMRI反应和激活.POAG患者患侧眼和健侧眼单独刺激时的V1皮层功能差异与视功能差异做线性相关分析.结果 (1)患侧眼接受刺激时V1区fMRI反应较健侧眼弱(t=4.757,P<0.01),患侧眼和健侧眼fMRI反应分别为(1.24±0.72)%、(2.18±0.93)%.患侧眼、健侧眼分别与其年龄、性别、眼侧别相匹配的正常人眼V1区fMRI反应进行比较:患侧眼较正常人眼反应弱(t=-3.011,P<0.01),患侧眼和匹配眼fMRI反应分别为(1.24±0.72)%、(2.01±0.65)%;健侧眼和匹配眼反应差异无统计学意义(t=0.742,P＞0.05),健侧眼和匹配眼分别为(2.18±0.93)%、(1.95±0.75)%.(2)患侧眼与健侧眼单独刺激的V1皮层功能差异与视功能差异存在线性负相关(r=-0.887,P<0.01).(3)患者的健侧眼与其年龄、性别、眼侧别相匹配的正常人眼比较,患者健侧眼V1激活较正常人眼小(t=-3.801,P<0.01),健侧眼和匹配眼V1激活面积指数分别为0.72±0.12、0.85±0.09.结论 青光眼存在皮层功能损害,而且青光眼皮层功能的损害与视觉功能的损害存在相关一致性;基于fMRI视网膜皮层映射分区的定位、定量测量是一种对青光眼视觉皮层功能变化临床随访、评估测量的有用方法,也是活体人青光眼视觉通路跨突触退变研究的潜在有用工具.     

OCT and OCTA evaluation of vascular and morphological structures in the retina in recovered pediatric patients with COVID-19

BackgroundUsing OCT and OCTA imaging, we aimed to determine whether COVID-19 induces pathological changes in vascular and morphological structures in the pediatric retina.MethodsThe current prospective, cross-sectional, observational clinical study included recovered pediatric patients with COVID-19 evaluated between May 2020 and June 2020. Retinal vascular (radial peripapillary, superficial, and deep capillary plexus vessel densities) and morphological (peripapillary retinal nerve fiber, ganglion cell layer, retinal, and choroidal thickness) in the optic disk and macula regions were quantitively assessed using OCT and OCTA. Data were compared between COVID-19 patients and age-matched controls.ResultsThe COVID-19 group included 32 eyes of 16 patients and the control group included 32 eyes of 16 cases. Fundus and biomicroscopic examinations revealed no signs of pathology in the COVID-19 group. Mean peripapillary retinal nerve fiber, ganglion cell layer, and choroidal thickness values were significantly greater in the COVID-19 group than in the control group (p<0.05). OCTA indicated that mean superficial and deep capillary plexus vessel densities, and choriocapillaris flow area values were significantly lower in the COVID-19 group than in the control group, whereas mean radial peripapillary capillary plexus vessel density values were significantly higher (p<0.05).ConclusionsEven if fundus examination results appear normal in pediatric patients with COVID-19, vascular and morphological changes may be observed in the retina. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to elucidate the clinical significance of vascular and morphological changes in this population.     

Relative peripheral refraction characteristics and their relationship with retinal microvasculature in young adults: Using a novel quantitative approach

AimTo analyze relative peripheral refraction (RPR) characteristics in young adults and to investigate the relationship between RPR and retinal microvasculature using multispectral refractive tomography (MRT), a novel quantitative approach.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 278 eyes of 139 young adults. All eyes underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including MRT, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and other ocular examinations. Refraction difference values (RDVs) among different rings/sectors were compared using one-way ANOVA in bilateral eyes. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were performed between ∆RDV in different rings and ∆density/thickness value in OCTA.ResultsAmong the different rings, the 30°-45°/45°-53° RDV was significantly greater than the inner rings in both eyes. Among the different sectors, RDV in the superior sector was most significantly reduced among all sectors, and RDV in the nasal sector was significantly greater than that in the temporal sector. In the stepwise multiple linear regression analyses, ∆RDV was negatively correlated with ∆radial peripapillary capillary plexus density and ∆macular thickness.ConclusionsMRT may be a useful tool in RPR quantitative assessment. RPR and some OCTA indexes might be closely correlated. Further research should be conducted to investigate the relationships among these indexes in young adults.     

Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer changes on optical coherence tomography in patients with unilateral hypertensive cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis

PurposeTo investigate whether peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thinning are present in patients with unilateral hypertensive Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis (hCMV AU).MethodsWe included 19 eyes with unilateral hCMV AU and their unaffected fellow eyes as the control group in this study. Peripapillary RNFL and macular GCIPL changes were determined using spectral-domain (SD) - optical coherence tomography (OCT).ResultsThe overall calculated mean pRNFL thickness was significantly lower in the effected eyes with hCMV AU than in the uneffected fellow eyes (p = 0.012). The mean macular GCIPL thickness in the affected eyes was also significantly lower than in the normal eyes (p < 0.001).ConclusionMeasurement of pRNFL and macular GCIPL thickness with OCT may detect signs of damage before the visual field changes in patients with hypertensive CMV AU. Early aggressive treatment in these patients may prevent further glaucomatous damage.     

军事飞行员原发性青光眼的医学鉴定分析

目的 探讨因原发性青光眼和可疑青光眼住院的军事飞行员的疾病特点、飞行结论 及放飞观察情况. 方法 对95例因青光眼或可疑青光眼住院的飞行员资料进行回顾性临床分析.结果 95例住院患者中56例诊断为原发性开角型青光眼(POAG),其中停飞15例,飞行暂不合格3例,飞行合格38例,放飞观察中延长飞行年限1～26年,平均6.36±1.43年.36例怀疑青光眼者进行青光眼排除检查,33例排除了青光眼,飞行合格;3例临床可疑,飞行暂不合格.3例诊断为高眼压症,飞行合格. 结论 飞行员最多见的青光眼类型是开角型青光眼;患POAG的飞行员若视功能稳定,在严密观察下能够继续飞行;早期发现和及时治疗是控制疾病的关键.     

原发性闭角型青光眼不同频段低频振幅的静息态功能磁共振研究

目的：应用静息态功能磁共振(rs-fMRI)分析原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)患者不同频段(slow-4：0.027~0.073 Hz, slow-5：0.01~0.027 Hz)大脑低频振幅(ALFF)值改变。方法40例 PACG 患者及36例年龄、性别匹配的正常健康对照(HC)均接受 rs-fMRI 检查,应用 rs-fMRI 数据处理助手(DPARSF)对数据进行预处理。Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM8)2因素水平重复方差分析比较 PACG 及 HC 组组间效应以及 slow-4,slow-5频段间效应。随后,两样本 t 检验分别比较 PACG 组及 HC 组2个频段 ALFF 值差异并分析差异脑区 ALFF 值与临床参数的相关性。结果频段间结果显示右侧尾状核、左侧眶部额下回 slow-5频段的 ALFF 值较 slow-4频段高(P <0.05,FDR 校正)。与 HC 组相比,楔前叶、楔叶、双侧舌回、双侧枕中回、双侧距状裂、双侧中央后回、右侧中央前回、右侧颞中回、右侧额中回、双侧顶上小叶、右侧中央旁小叶、左侧顶下小叶 ALFF 减低;PACG 组 ALFF 值增高的脑区包括左侧颞下回、左侧颞上回、左侧小脑后叶、双侧海马旁回、左侧额下回、右侧边缘叶、右侧岛叶、后扣带回(P <0.05, FDR 校正)。此外,笔者发现 slow-4、slow-5频段均能检出 PACG 患者异常脑功能活动区。结论PACG 患者存在视觉以及视觉以外相关脑区神经元活动异常,slow-4、slow-5能从不同的角度发现异常脑区,为进一步探究 PACG 的神经病理机制提供了新思路。     

Evaluation of macular and optic disc radial peripapillary vessel density with optical coherence tomography angiography in iron deficiency anemia

PurposeTo investigate effect of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on macular and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) vascular changes by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThirty-three patients with IDA and 33 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, macular superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density and RPC vessel density were evaluated by the AngioVue Imaging System. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width (RDW), serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), serum ferritin and transferrin saturation values were also recorded.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of FAZ area and FAZ perimeter while foveal density (FD) was significantly decreased in the IDA group. Compared to control group, IDA group revealed significantly decreased macular vessel density in all macular regions except fovea in both SCP and DCP. RPC vessel density was significantly decreased in whole image, peripapillary and superior-hemifield area wihout RNFL thinning. Hemoglobin level was positively correlated with SCP whole and RPC whole vessel density and serum iron level was also positively correlated with SCP whole vessel density.ConclusionMacular and optic disc vessel density were reduced in IDA patients. OCTA may be useful in detecting retinal ischemia before clinically visible signs of retinopathy associated with IDA appear.     

Evaluation of retinal vessel and perfusion density in migraine patients by optical coherence tomography angiography

BackgroundMigraine is a neurovascular disease and has been reported as a risk factor for ocular vascular complications. Our study aimed to compare the retinal vessel density and perfusion density between migraine patients and healthy subjects by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsIn this prospective study, 23 patients with migraine with aura (MWA) and 31 patients with migraine without aura (MWOA), and 32 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) were evaluated in a 6 × 6 mm scan of the macula and optic nerve head (ONH) with the Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 device. The measurement area is divided into three areas: center (c), inner ring (ir), outer ring (or) (with diameters of 1, 3, and 6 mm respectively), and nine subfields, according to the Early Treatment Retinopathy Study grid.ResultsThe macular cVD, cPD, and temporal orVD in MWA and MWOA groups were significantly reduced than those of HC. On optic nerve head OCTA, patients with MWA had decreased cVD, average irVD, inferior irVD, and temporal orVD compared with HCs while MWOA had reduced cVD than HC group. In addition, PD was not significantly different among MWA, MWOA, and HC groups in any measure in the optic nerve head. The Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS) and attack frequency were significantly inversely correlated with cVD, cPD, irVD, and irPD of macula and ONH.ConclusionsVessel and perfusion density of macula were reduced in both MWA and MWOA. Vessel density, but not perfusion density of ONH was decreased in MWA. The migraine severity and attack frequency were significantly inversely correlated with vessel and perfusion density of macula and ONH.     

Comparison of corneal,endothelial, and anterior segment parameters in eyes with and without pigment dispersion

BackgroundTo evaluate the differences of central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal endothelial cell morphology, and biometric parameters of the anterior chamber and iridocorneal angle in pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS), pigmentary glaucoma (PG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy group.MethodsTwenty- three eyes in the PDS group, 39 eyes in the PG group, 33 eyes in the POAG group, and 45 eyes in the healthy control group were included in this cross-sectional retrospective study. Corneal endothelial cell density, the coefficient of variation in the cell area, hexagonality, and central corneal thickness (CCT) were obtained by specular microscopy (CEM 530, NIDEK, Japan). Anterior chamber depth (ACD), iridocorneal angle parameters and CCT were measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) (Visante OCT, Carl Zeiss AG, Germany).ResultsThe mean CCT via specular microscopy (SM-CCT) was measured at the thinnest value in the PG group (531.20 ± 34.91 µm) and the thickest in the control group (569.13 ± 37.52 µm). CV value was higher in PG (34.65 ± 6.84) and POAG group (34.27 ± 9.93) and lower in control group (28.82 ± 5.18) (p = 0,005). The mean AS-OCT-CCT was the thinnest in the PG group (513.61 ± 39.94 µm), and the thickest in the control group (547.04 ± 36.72 µm) (p = 0.001). All parameters of the iridocorneal angle were larger in the PDS and PG groups (p < 0.001). In the correlation analysis of the glaucomatous eyes, a negative correlation between the C/D ratio and SM-CCT and AS-OCT-CCT (p = 0.037, p = 0.017, respectively) and a positive correlation between the pRNFL thickness and AS-OCT- CCT (p = 0.002).ConclusionCCT values obtained with both SM and AS-OCT were found to be significantly thinner in PG cases. CV, which is the measure of polymegatism, was found to be significantly higher in PG cases.     

Evaluation of peripapillary - macular microvascularity and choroidal vascularity index after refractive surgery

BackgroundTo evaluate the microvascularity and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and OCT following femtosecond laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedures.MethodsPatients with myopia (<-6.0D sphere) or myopic astigmatism (<-4.0D astigmatism) were enroled. The percentage of vessel density and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size, optic disc flux index and perfusion were noted and the CVI was calculated before and after surgery.ResultsTwenty-nine eyes of 16 patients in the FS-LASIK group and 30 eyes of 16 patients in the SMILE group were enroled. Macular vessel density, FAZ size, and optic disc flux index were significantly higher on postoperative 1st day compared to preoperative day (p = 0.001, p = 0.007, and p < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in terms of macular and peripapillary CVI between postoperative 1st day and preoperative day (p > 0.05). All microvascular parameters were similar on postoperative 7th day and preoperative day (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIt was detected that there is a transient alteration in macular and peripapillary microvascularity after FS-LASIK/SMILE, whereas choroidal circularity is not significantly affected by these refractive surgeries.     

改良小切口复合式小梁切除术

目的:探讨改良的小切口复合式小梁切除术的方法及临床疗效。方法:将579例(772眼)原发闭角青光眼随机分为A、B两组,A组:314眼行复合小梁切除术,B组:458眼行改良的小切口复合式小梁切除术。随访一年,观察术后眼压、滤过泡、视力、并发症等。结果:A、B两组术后早期结膜渗漏X=4.95,P<0.05有显著性差异,随访一年有效率过泡、眼压、及视力两组无显著差异。结论:改良的小切口复合式小梁切除术可较好的防止术后组织瘢痕形成,是简单易操作、安全,经济、并发症较少的治疗青光眼的新方法。     

Quantitative changes in peripapillary,macular, and choriocapillaris microvasculature of patients with non-ocular Behçet's disease and relationship with systemic vascular involvement,an optical coherence tomography angiography study

BackgroundTo evaluate the changes in the peripapillary, macular and choriocapillaris microvasculatures in the eyes of patients with Behçet's disease (BD) without ocular involvement by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and to investigate the relationship with systemic vascular involvement (SVI).MethodsThe study included 56 eyes of 33 patients with non-ocular BD and 61 eyes of 33 healthy subjects. The macular microvascular (MMV) vessel densities (VDs), FAZ parameters, Choriocapillaris flow area (CCFA), radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) VDs and optic nerve head (ONH) analyses were performed with OCT-A. MMV, RPC, ONH, and CCFA measurements were compared between the non-ocular BD patients and healthy controls. Then, the patient group was divided into two subgroups according to the presence of SVI. MMV, RPC, and CCFA measurements of these subgroups were compared with the healthy controls.ResultsWhile deep capillary plexus VD and foveal density decreased in MMV analysis in the BD group compared to the control group, CCFA was not different. In the RPC and ONH analysis, the VDs of the inside-disc small vessels and the VDs of the inside-disc all vessels were decreased while the cup/disk area ratio and cup volume were increased in the BD group compared to the healthy controls. Furthermore, the VDs of the inside-disc vessels were reduced in patients without SVI compared to those with SVI and healthy controls.ConclusionsThe RPC network, ONH and MMV architecture analysis by OCT-A revealed changes in the MMV, RPC, and ONH structures in non-ocular BD patients. Moreover, the decrease in RPC VDs and MMV VDs in patients without SVI suggested that the patients with BD without SVI had subclinical ocular involvement even in the absence of clinical ocular findings.     

Quantitative assessment of retinal vessel density and thickness changes in internal carotid artery stenosis patients using optical coherence tomography angiography

ObjectiveTo quantitatively assess the retinal features of patients with different degrees of internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS), particularly mild ICAS patients, utilizing optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThirty-two mild ICAS patients (mild ICAS group), 34 moderate to severe ICAS patients (nonmild ICAS group), and 40 controls were enrolled in this study. Retinal vessel density was quantitatively measured by OCTA, including radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC-VD), superficial and deep capillary plexus vessel density (SCP/DCP-VD). Structural parameters were collected from optical coherence tomography (OCT), including retinal thickness and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT). Furthermore, LASSO-penalized logistic regression was used to construct the diagnostic model based on retinal parameters. ROC curves and nomogram plots were used to assess the diagnostic ability of this model for ICAS.ResultsThe macular SCP-VD of mild ICAS patients was significantly lower than that of controls and lower than that of nonmild ICAS patients (all p < 0.05). However, there was no difference among the three groups in terms of DCP-VD (p > 0.05). RPC-VD could effectively discriminate between the mild ICAS group and the nonmild ICAS group (p = 0.005). For structural OCT, only the SFCT decreased as the ICAS degree increased (p < 0.05). Diagnostic scores based on retinal parameters showed a strong diagnostic capability for mild ICAS (AUC = 0.8656).ConclusionMild ICAS patients exhibited distinct retinal features compared to nonmild ICAS patients and control subjects. OCTA potentially represents a promising method for the early detection of ICAS patients and the noninvasive surveillance of haemodynamic changes in those patients.