可控膀胱造瘘术治疗逼尿肌无反射性神经源性膀胱

2004年6月至2006年4月我科对3例逼尿肌无反射性神经源性膀胱患者行可控膀胱造瘘术,效果满意,报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组3例,均为男性,平均年龄54(46~59)岁,平均病程6.7(2~10)年。均以进行性排尿困难为主要临床表现,1例10年前因外伤致T12~L2压缩性骨折导致截瘫,1例有糖尿病史11年、脑梗塞4年,1例10年前患格林巴利。1例查体可触及胀大膀胱,1例查体下腹部饱满,膀胱顶脐下3指,1例留置导尿中。3例均行超声检查,其中1例膀胱尿潴留,1例膀胱内小结石,前列腺钙化,残余尿132m l。1例行CT检查示膀胱多发憩室,前列腺钙化。1例血糖为20.4 mmol…     

神经源性膀胱的诊断和治疗原则同样适用于非神经源性膀胱吗？

正常排尿活动是由脊髓、脊髓上反射中枢及交感、副交感、体神经共同参与完成。任何与排尿有关的中枢和周围神经受到损伤引起的膀胱功能障碍,即为神经源性膀胱（neurogenic bladder,NB）。其病因包括：①外周神经病变：糖尿病和感染性疾病;②中枢神经病变：神经脱髓鞘病变（多发性硬化症）、老年性痴呆、基底节病变、脑血管病变、额叶脑肿瘤和椎间盘疾病压迫脊髓,等;     

神经源性膀胱的治疗进展

正常的排尿活动由脊髓反射中枢及脊髓上反射中枢和交感、副交感、体神经共同参与完成。任何与排尿有关的神经受到损伤,引起的排尿功能障碍,即为神经源性膀胱。随着影像学诊断和尿动力学检查技术的进步,神经源性膀胱的诊断已无困难,但临床治疗仍无一个比较完美的方法。神经源性膀胱的分类很多,有Nesbit法、Bors法、Herschom法、Wein法等。无论哪一种分类方法,对于治疗的指导目的,都是正确评估危险因素,确定恰当的治疗策略,因为对神经源性膀胱的正确诊断是准确治疗的基础。治疗的根本目的是保护肾功能,其次是改善排尿症状以提高生活质量。其…     

回肠膀胱术治疗神经源性膀胱功能障碍

目的 回顾分析回肠膀胱术治疗神经源性膀胱功能障碍的疗效和安全性。方法 2004年6月～2006年10月，对 7例神经源性膀胱功能障碍患者实施回肠膀胱术治疗。其中男5例，女2例，平均年龄27岁（17～56岁）。平均随访15个月（2～30个月），随访内容包括有无并发症和生活质量。结果 随访期内，患者未出现严重的并发症，生活质量较术前提高。结论 回肠膀胱术是治疗神经源性膀胱功能障碍患者的安全、有效、可接受的治疗措施。     

神经源性膀胱诊断与治疗

正常排尿活动由脊髓反射中枢及脊髓上反射中枢和交感、副交感、体神经共同参与完成.控制排尿的中枢或周围神经系统受到损害所引起的下尿路储尿及排尿功能障碍称为神经源性膀胱.所有可能累及有关储尿和/或排尿生理调节过程的神经系统病变,都有可能影响膀胱和/或尿道功能.诊断神经源性膀胱必须有明确的相关神经系统病史.     

膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性小容量低顺应性膀胱

膀胱扩大术可有效治疗神经源性小容量低顺应性膀胱,可以避免上尿路进一步损害,改善患者生活质量。作者对有关文献进行综述。     

康复护理在神经源性膀胱功能重建中的应用

目的探讨康复护理在神经源性膀胱功能重建的应用效果。方法对22例神经源性膀胱功能重建患者给予间歇导尿、自主排尿等康复护理措施,观察护理后患者膀胱容量、残余尿量、并发症情况。结果本组患者均成功拔管,治疗后患者膀胱容量明显大于治疗前,残余尿量明显小于治疗前,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论做好康复护理措施能有效促进神经源性膀胱功能重建患者增加膀胱容量,减少残余尿量,并发症发生率低,效果满意。     

骶神经调控术在小儿神经源性膀胱治疗中的应用进展

小儿神经源性膀胱(PNB)是指脊髓发育不良、脊髓神经损伤导致膀胱逼尿肌或(和)尿道括约肌功能障碍,表现为排尿障碍或伴有排便障碍,严重影响患者的生活质量。骶神经调控(SNM)的主要适应证是膀胱过度活动综合征,症状包括顽固性尿频、尿急、急迫性尿失禁、非梗阻性尿潴留,推荐SNM的适宜年龄为16岁以上。研究表明SNM对改善顽固性膀胱功能和排便功能障碍效果显著。本文就骶神经调控在小儿神经源性膀胱治疗中的应用进展进行回顾,为该项技术在小儿神经源性膀胱人群中的开展提供参考。     

神经源性膀胱诊断探索与治疗进展

<正>传统的神经源性膀胱(neurogenic bladder, NB)定义是由于神经系统病变而导致的下尿路功能障碍,通常需在存有神经系统病变或神经损伤的前提下才能诊断。随着人们对神经病变及很多系统性疾病的不断探索,越来越多的神经相关病变或系统性疾病影响神经系统而累及膀胱功能的状态被重新认识,因此临床上很多NB没有被及时诊断,从而也延误对他们的治疗和相关并发症的预防干预。对于NB的诊断分类,国内外没有相对统一的标准,     

两种膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性膀胱比较分析

目的:比较膀胱自扩大术和回肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性膀胱的临床效果。方法:回顾分析膀胱自扩大术10例,回肠膀胱扩大术13例患者临床资料,对两种术式的手术方法,手术前后患者膀胱容量,肾功能以及临床症状进行比较。结果:膀胱自扩大术和回肠膀胱扩大术的患者术后平均安全膀胱容量显著增多,分别为(178.2±31.8)vs(420.7±54.9)ml,(115.9±19.5)vs(517.4±48.3)ml(P<0.05),顺应性明显改善。前者尿失禁消失8例,明显改善1例;术后血清肌酐水平恢复正常6例,明显下降2例,肾积水明显缓解或消失,未发现膀胱输尿管反流现象;后者尿失禁消失9例,明显改善2例,血清肌酐水平6例恢复正常,1例明显下降,肾积水情况均较术前明显缓解或消失,膀胱输尿管反流消失;术后3例出现尿路感染;1例轻微漏尿;1例出现腹泻;3例出现肠梗阻;2例出现膀胱结石,均对症处理后好转。结论:膀胱自扩大术较为简单、安全,但其适应证把握应慎重。回肠膀胱扩大术是治疗神经源性膀胱有效的手术方式,其适应证相对广,但并发症较多。     

糖尿病神经源性膀胱患者排尿功能训练效果观察

对７３例糖尿病神经源性膀胱患者进行腹部肌肉收缩和体位前倾锻炼，腹部膀胱区按摩及诱导定时排尿等训练，结果：训练后膀胱残余尿量减少，排尿障碍好转。训练前后比较，经χ＾２检验，Ｐ〈０．００５，具有极显著性差异。提示加强排尿功能的训练，能有效地促进糖尿病神经源性膀胱功能恢复。     

Quality of Life Survey of Urinary Diversion Patients: Comparison of Continent Urinary Diversion Versus Ileal Conduit

Background Continent urinary reservoirs (CUR) have become one of the major options for patients requiring urinary diversion to improve their quality of life (QOL). To assess whether CUR enhanced postoperative QOL, we surveyed patients with CUR and ileal conduit (IC) using a questionnaire sent by mail.
Patients and Methods The questionnaire consisted of 133 questions that covered physical and mental status, social life, sexual habits and symptoms related to urinary diversions. A total of 1 72 questionnaires were sent out, and 137 (80%) patients (74 CUR and 63 IC patients) responded.
Results Basic physical conditions were similar in the 2 groups, except for sleeping habits. Regarding social life, however, the CUR group showed better scores in bathing habits and frequency of overnight travel. Parasternal dermatitis was more frequent in the IC group and the patients were more hesitant to show their stoma to others. On the other hand, about half of the patients in the CUR group complained of troublesomeness in self-catheterization, especially at night. Overall, 74% and 41% of the patients in the CUR and IC group were satisfied with their urinary diversion. When the Kock pouch and Indiana pouch were compared, no statistically significant differences were found in average capacity, maximum capacity, or frequency of self-catheterization.
Conclusions CUR recipients have enhanced QOL regarding the stoma, travel and sleeping habits as compared to ileal conduit. However, troublesomeness of night time self-catheterization was noted in the CUR group. Individualized selection of the type of urinary diversion with informed consent is essential.     

Continent cutaneous urinary diversion in children: experience with Charleston pouch I

PURPOSE: Complete continent urinary diversion not incorporating the bladder is not commonly used in children. We evaluated the short and long-term outcome of a form of continent cutaneous urinary diversion (Charleston pouch I) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 17 children underwent Charleston pouch I continent cutaneous urinary diversion between 1988 and 2005. Patient records were reviewed for age, sex, indications for diversion, preoperative and postoperative laboratory and radiological studies, continence, patient and family acceptance, complications and long-term functional status. RESULTS: Patient age ranged from 6 to 16 years. The main indication for diversion was bladder exstrophy in 8 patients (47%), neurogenic bladder in 6 (35%) and cloacal abnormalities in 3 (18%). Mean followup was 87.5 months. One patient was lost to followup. With moderate fluid intake the other patients were dry with a mean catheterizing time of 3.4 hours (range 2 to 6). Catheterization intervals were adjusted for individual patients. Generally, the patients became damp or leaked if they did not catheterize at recommended intervals. Continence was achieved at variable postoperative intervals, with some patients attaining continence soon after and others at 3 to 12 months before pouch maturation. Patients irrigated the pouch a mean of 4 times weekly (range 0 to 14). Three patients (18%) had bladder stones. Ultrasound and/or other upper tract studies revealed no deterioration of the upper urinary system. No patient experienced clinical pyelonephritis or acidosis. Family and patient acceptance was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Continent cutaneous urinary diversion with Charleston pouch I was satisfactory in this group of children. It provided preservation of the upper urinary tract, and achieved acceptable continence rates while allowing leakage when catheterization was not performed at recommended intervals. In addition, patient and parent acceptance was good, and complication rates were acceptable.     

DDAVP in the Urological Management of the Difficult Neurogenic Bladder in Spinal Cord Injury: Preliminary Report

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of desmopressin (DDAVP), a synthetic analogue of antidiuretic hormone, as an alternative therapy in the management of spinal cord injured (SCI) patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction unresponsive to conventional therapy. Seven SCI patients (three men and four women) were treated with DDAVP after urodynamic evaluation. Despite treatment with anticholinergic agents, urodynamic evaluation demonstrated uninhibited detrusor contractions exceeding 30 cm H₂O pressure at less than 300 ml cystometric capacity in all seven patients. Three patients had been managed with intermittent self-catheterization, but had socially unacceptable short intervals between catheterizations. Two women with incomplete injury were afflicted with significant nocturia (>3 episodes/night). The remaining two patients managed with intermittent self-catheterization were troubled with nocturnal enuresis. The patients received 10 μg intranasal DDAVP once every 24 hours. Prior to DDAVP administration, the four patients who used DDAVP nightly experienced a median of four episodes of nocturia. After one month of DDAVP treatment, two patients had only one episode of nocturia per night and in the other two patients, nocturnal enuresis was completely eliminated. Three patients used daytime DDAVP administration at work to avoid frequent catheterization. The median period between bladder catheterizations increased from 2.5 hours before DDAVP to 6 hours while using DDAVP. Symptomatic improvement persisted during the follow-up period of 6–20 months (mean=12). Side effects were infrequent; only one patient complained of transient headaches. Neither hyponatremia nor serum electrolyte abnormalities occurred. Our preliminary results suggest that DDAVP is safe and effective in the symptomatic management of complicated neurogenic bladder dysfunction in selected SCI patients. (J Am Paraplegia Soc; 17: 165–167)     

Electrovesicogram in the Neurogenic Bladder

The vesical electric activiry was studied by electrovesicogram (EVG) in 24 patients with spinal cord injury: 15 with upper (UMNL) and 9 with lower (LMNL) motor neuron lesion. Mean age was 48.3 years; 16 were men and 8 were women. Eight healthy volunteers acted as controls. Transcutaneous recording was done with both a full and empty urinary bladder. Three electrodes were applied supra-pubically and one reference electrode was applied to the lower limb. The normal volunteers recorded regular triphasic pacesetter potentials (PPs), which were reproducible in the individual subject. The electrovesicographic pattern was similar in the full and empty bladder, except that the PPs of the latter had a lower amplitude. The patients with UMNL showed “dysrhythmic” pattern with irregular rhythm, amplitude, and frequency in both the fill and empty urinary bladder. Patients with “LM” exhibited “silent” EVG. The results indicate that electrovesicography could be used as an investigative tool that may help in the diagnosis of such conditions. The technique is simple, easy, noninvasive, and without complications