522名农村医生HBsAg感染情况监测

为掌握农村医生（简称村医）这一特殊职业人群ＨＢｓＡｇ携带情况，加强预防，提高健康水平，于１９９９年１月对５２２名村医作了血清学监测。现将结果报告如下。１．采用卫生部临床检验中心推荐的ＲＰＨＡ法，在有效期内按说明书操作，以血凝滴度≥１：８为阳性。在检测的５２２名村医中，检出ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者３６名，检出率为６．９０％，与当地群众检出率６．２５％比较稍高。各年龄组阳性检出率，见表１。２．按医龄组分析，３６名ＨＢｓＡｇ携带者中９７．２２％集中在１５～２５岁两个医龄组，见表２。监测结果表明，村医ＨＢｓＡｇ…     

大中专学生乙肝病毒（HBV）携带情况调查

牡丹江市连续四年对9561名新生进行乙肝病毒(HBV)携带情况调查。HBV携带率为8．08％，其中，HBsAg阳性占3．20％；HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性占3．01％；HBsAg阳性伴有肝功异常占0．3％；HBsAg和HBsAg阳性伴有肝功异常占0．15％。773名HBV携带者中，HBsAg阳性者占47．22％；HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性者占47．09％，分别是健康携带者，有传染性的携带者。HBsAg和HBeAg双阳性伴有肝功异常占0．8％，则是慢性活动性肝炎患者。针对不同HBV携带人群，采取不同的预防保健措施，控制和减少乙肝的发生和流行。     

乙肝病毒携带者阴道分娩早期产后出血原因分析及对策

目的：分析乙肝病毒携带者（HBV携带）阴道分娩产后出血的原因，探讨产后出血的预防措施。方法 分析我院2003年1月～2005年12月HBV携带阴道分娩产后出血74例。结果 宫缩乏力是HBV携带者产后出血的主要原因占45．95％；，多次妊娠增加了产后出血的发生率。结论 加强对乙肝病毒携带者产妇健康教育减少高危因素，加强产程支持，能有效地预防早期产后出血的发生率。     

加强对携带乙肝病毒孕产妇的管理

加强对携带乙肝病毒孕产妇的管理许丽红，孙金芳乙肝病毒携带者全国近１亿人，约占人口总数的１０％。孕妇携带率与此基本相同。据统计，每年有１００例携带乙肝病毒的产妇在我院分娩。为防止乙肝病毒传播，我们对乙肝病毒携带者采取了以下管理措施。１做好大前门诊检查工...     

曹县南朱楼小学风疹暴发的调查报告

我市是ＨＢｓＡｇ感染携带率较高的地区 ,成人平均感染率为 1 7～ 2 4 %之间 ,为了解高中毕业生ＨＢｓＡｇ携带情况 ,加大预防力度 ,进一步提高学生的健康水平 ,我们对 2 0 0 0年高考的 70 1名学生作了血清学监测。使用卫生部临床检验中心推荐的ＲＰＨＡ法 ,在有效期内按规范化要求操作 ,以血凝滴度≥ 1∶1 6为阳性。在 70 1名 (男 378名 ,女 32 3名 )学生中ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性携带者 83名 (男 47名 ,女 36名 ) ,检出率为 1 1 8% (男 1 2 4% ,女 1 1 1 % )。城市学生 52 6名 ,阳性 56名 ,感染率 1 0 6% ;农村学生 1 75名感[收稿日期 ] 2 0 0…     

HBsAg携带者是怎么回事?携带者应注意哪些问题?

所谓无症状HBsAg携带者就是指临床上无任何症状,肝功能正常,但HBsAg阳性半年以上者,也有人称之为“健康携带者”。我国调查结果为8～10%。男性HBsAg 持续携带者率高于女性,HBsAg 携带者与首次感染年龄有关,儿童时期获得感染易于持续携带,先天或后天免疫缺陷病者较易成为HBsAg 携带者,但很多携带者经肝组织活检,可发现有组织学异常变化,说明肝脏可能有不同程度的损害。     

5040名健康体检者乙型肝炎表面抗原携带情况结果分析

目的了解健康体健者乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)携带情况。方法对5040名来该院进行健康体健者的静脉血样,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测HBsAg。结果 5040名健康体健者中,HBsAg阳性232名,阳性率为4.6%。其中男性阳性率5.2%,女性阳性率3.6%。结论 2007～2009年乙型肝炎病毒携带者呈逐年上升趋势,并且男性高于女性,降低乙型肝炎感染刻不容缓。     

石油工人乙型肝炎病毒携带现状的调查及分析

目的探讨石油工人乙型肝炎病毒携带状况。方法随机抽取2,540名20～59岁石油工人,测定乙肝病毒五项指标,并进行统计学分析研究。结果2,540名石油工人乙肝病毒携带者占9．25％;其中大三阳占2．32％;小三阳占4．84％;单项抗HBe和抗HBc抗体阳性者合计2．09％。男女对比显示,男性乙肝病毒携带者略高于女性。结论对高危人群定期进行乙肝病毒状况监测,有利于乙型肝炎的预防和早期发现。对降低其发病率具有重要意义。     

425例学前儿童沙门氏菌腹泻临床特征、病原体血清学及耐药性分析

目的:分析425例学前儿童沙门氏菌腹泻临床特征,病原体血清学及耐药性.方法:选择我院2017年1月～2019年12月收治的425例沙门氏菌腹泻学前儿童为研究对象,分析其临床特征,检测病原体血清学和耐药性.结果:共收集学前儿童腹泻的标本14938份,检出沙门氏菌株腹泻病426例,检出沙门氏菌株525株,以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌占...     

人类与动物沙门氏菌病相关性研究概状

沙门氏菌病是由沙门氏菌引起的一种人、畜共患的传染病。与动物接触是引起人类沙门氏菌病的主要原因之一。最近几年，有关人类和动物沙门氏菌病相关性的研究〔１〕已证实许多沙门氏菌是人和动物共同携带的，许多沙门氏菌病是动物传染给人的或相互传染的。本文就人与家禽、...     

Blood myoglobin in children with progressive muscular dystrophy and in carriers

We studied the behaviour of serum myoglobin in 32 children affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, in 30 mothers (10 definite carriers and 20 possible carriers), in 5 sisters (possible carriers) and in 40 healthy women (control). The serum myoglobin was always increased in the patients affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy; the greatest values were in the patients who were still ambulant, with a behaviour similar to creatine kinase. In the carriers the myoglobinemia showed a significant increase in definite carriers, while there was no significant difference between the possible carriers and the controls.     

轻型β-珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血患者β-珠蛋白基因单核苷酸多态性分析

目的对临床诊断为轻型β-珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血患者进行β-珠蛋白基因单核苷酸多态性分析.方法用PCR法对β-珠蛋白基因进行扩增,扩增产物经纯化后测序,确定其单核苷酸多态性.结果β-珠蛋白基因分析片段中共发现3个位点存在单核苷酸多态性,分别是外显子1第59位的T/C多态性、内含子2第-16位的G/C多态性及内含子2第-74位的T/G多态性.结论同国外报道的正常人群相比,轻型β-珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血患者的β-珠蛋白基因单核苷酸多态性位点显著减少,各位点的碱基频率也有不同.     

qRT-PCR法用于检测模拟环境表面载体HBV DNA的可行性研究

目的探讨实时荧光定量PCR法(qRT-PCR法)用于检测模拟环境表面载体乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA的可行性。方法用4种浓度的HBV标准品5×106、5×105、5×104、5×103 IU/mL污染载体,放置3 d和7 d,采用qRT-PCR法,检测HBV载体表面HBV DNA浓度。结果5×103 IU/mL标准品污染后的HBV载体,放置3 d后阳性检出率为70.0%,7 d后的阳性检出率为80.0%;其余3种浓度的标准品污染后的载体放置3、7 d的阳性检出率均为100.0%。4种浓度的标准品污染后的载体放置3 d后检测HBV DNA浓度差异有统计学意义(F=8.327,P<0.001);4种浓度的标准品污染后的载体放置7 d后检测HBV DNA浓度差异有统计学意义(F=7.302,P=0.001)。4种浓度的标准品污染后的载体放置3 d后HBV DNA浓度下降值与放置7 d后的下降值进行比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论qRT-PCR法可以应用于医疗机构环境表面HBV污染状况的检测;HBV污染浓度越高,HBV DNA浓度越高;病毒污染载体后,放置7 d仍可检出HBV DNA。     

Pulsed Doppler tissue imaging in dystrophinopathic cardiomyopathy.

Cardiac dysfunction is a primary feature in patients and female carriers of Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). Conventional echocardiography and pulsed Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) were performed in 28 patients with BMD, in 20 female carriers, and in 38 control participants (20 men and 18 women). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in BMD patients (P <.02) and carriers (P <.02) than in normal participants. Two subgroups of BMD patients were identified: A1 = LVEF > or = 55% (n = 20) and A2 = LVEF < 55% (n = 8). The carriers displayed LVEF > or = 55%. Compared with control participants the diastolic alterations by conventional echocardiography were lower early filling peak in the subgroup A1 (P <.05) and prolonged isovolumic relaxation time in A1, A2, and in carriers (at least P <.02). Furthermore, pulsed DTI showed lower early diastolic wave peak at basal septum in A2 (P <.05) and in carriers (P <.0001); at lateral mitral annulus and at basal inferior wall in A1, A2, and in carriers (at least P <.05); lower early/late diastolic wave ratio at basal septum and lateral mitral annulus (P <.05) in carriers; and prolonged isovolumic relaxation time in A1, A2, and in carriers (at least P <.02), except at lateral mitral annulus of carriers. Systolic parameters investigated by pulsed DTI detected lower peak systolic wave at basal septum in A1, A2, and carriers (P <.02); at lateral mitral annulus in carriers (P <.02); at basal inferior wall in A1, A2 (P <.02), and in carriers (P <.0001); and lower time-velocity integral of S wave at each segment in A1, A2, and in carriers. In dystrophinopathic cardiomyopathy, pulsed DTI may be a useful technique to assess diastolic dysfunction and appears to be a promising tool in identifying early regional systolic alterations in patients and carriers with normal LVEF.     

慢性乙肝病毒携带者心理健康与社会支持的相关性研究

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)携带者的心理健康状况及领悟社会支持水平,明确两者的关系。方法选取141例慢性HBV携带者作为观察组(Ⅰ组),对照组包括158例住院慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者(Ⅱ组)和138例健康个体(Ⅲ组),使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)对3组个体进行调查。结果除恐怖及人际敏感因子外,3组在其余因子得分上均存在统计学差异(均P<0.05)。Ⅰ组在SCL-90总分、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、精神病性等得分高于Ⅲ组,偏执得分高于Ⅱ组,而在躯体化、其他因子得分低于Ⅱ组。3组间除了家庭内支持因子得分有统计学差异(P<0.05)外,在总体社会支持和家庭外支持得分无差异(P>0.05)。慢性HBV携带者SCL-90得分与社会支持得分呈负相关。结论慢性HBV携带者心理健康状况较差,良好的社会支持有助于提高个体的心理健康水平。     

Incidence of HBsAg in persons living with HBsAg carriers]

The prevalence of HBsAg was studied, by Counterelectrophoresis and Radioimmunoassay, in 232 household contacts of 65 HBsAg carriers. The overall incidence of HBsAg in household contacts was 14,65%, as compared with the generally accepted figure of about 1% in the general population in Italy. As far as the prevalence of HBsAg and abnormal liver function tests is concerned, no differences were found between contacts of carriers with Chronic Active Liver Disease and contacts of asymptomatic carriers. The prevalence of HBsAg was similar in spouses (13,5%) and in blood relatives (15,3%) of carriers. It is concluded that: 1) Household contacts of HBsAg carriers are at higher risk of acquiring HBsAg infection than the general population. 2) Such risk is not increased by the presence of Chronic Active Liver Disease in the index cases. 3) Further studies are required in order to clarify the relative roles of environmental and genetic factors as determinants of HBsAg transmission.     

HBeAg对护理操作中乙型肝炎病毒传染源的预警效果

目的探讨HBeAg对护理操作中乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis Bvirus,HBV）传染源的预警效果。方法采集2010年2—8月解放军第454医院连续收治入院的992例手术患者的空腹静脉血各3ml,分离血清于-40℃保存备用;从992份血清样本中分别检出HBsAg和HBeAg阳性样本并进行定量检测,比较HBV感染量在HBeAg阳性和阴性的HBsAg阳性者之间的差异。结果992例手术患者中检出HBsAg阳性156例,其中HBeAg阳性31例、阴性125例。HBeAg阳性和阴性的HBsAg阳性者的HBVDNA阳性率分别为100．0％和67．20．4;传染性范围分别在1×10^2～1×10^9ID／ml和（0～1）×10^6ID／ml。6．4％HBeAg阳性和92．8％阴性的HBsAg阳性者的HBV感染量〈1×10^4ID／ml;93．6％HBeAg阳性和7．2％阴性的HBsAg阳性者HBV感染量≥1×10^4ID／ml;19．3％HBeAg阳性HBsAg阳性者HBV感染量≥1×10^7.5ID／ml。结论在护理人员进行有效乙肝疫苗免疫的基础上,以HBeAg为指标对护理操作中HBV传染源的预警效果较HBsAg更好,使用HBeAg监控法预防护理人员职业感染的效果比HBsAg监控法更好。     

The risk of first venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium in double heterozygotes for factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A

Background : The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) during pregnancy in double heterozygous carriers of factor (F) V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A is not established. Hence, whether or not these women deserve antithrombotic prophylaxis when pregnant is unknown. Patients and methods : In the frame of a multicenter family study, 52 double heterozygous carriers of FV Leiden and prothrombin G20210A who had remained pregnant at least once before knowledge of thrombophilia, were retrospectively investigated with respect to the occurrence of first VTE during pregnancy and puerperium. They were compared with 104 heterozygous carriers of FV Leiden, 104 of prothrombin G20210A and 104 women without thrombophilia. Results : Double heterozygotes were similar to single heterozygous carriers and non-carriers for the age at first pregnancy, age at testing and rate of full-term pregnancies. No VTE during pregnancy was observed in the four groups of women, whereas in the puerperium it occurred in two double carriers (1.8% of pregnancies, 95% CI: 0.5–6.3), three single FV Leiden carriers (1.5%, 0.5–4.3), two single prothrombin G20210A carriers (1%, 0.2–3.6) and one non-carrier (0.4%, 0–2.5). Conclusions : The risk of first VTE during pregnancy and puerperium in double heterozygous carriers of FV Leiden and prothrombin G20210A is low and similar to that of single carriers. As for single heterozygotes, antithrombotic prophylaxis in asymptomatic double heterozygous carriers appears to be justified only in puerperium.     

Effect of CYP3A5*3 genotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine in healthy Korean subjects

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: 1,4-Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, including amlodipine, are mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A. We investigated the effect of CYP3A5*3 genotype on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine in healthy Korean male subjects. METHODS: Forty healthy male participants were enrolled and genotyped for the CYP3A5*3 gene. Each subject ingested a 5-mg dose of amlodipine, and plasma amlodipine concentrations were measured for 144 hours after dosing. Blood pressure and pulse rate were also measured for pharmacodynamic analysis. RESULTS: Among the 40 volunteers, 24 were CYP3A5*3/*3 carriers and 16 were CYP3A5*1 carriers (CYP3A5*1/*1 in 2 and CYP3A5*1/*3 in 14). The difference in the oral clearance of amlodipine approached statistical significance between the 2 major genotype groups, with CYP3A5*1 carriers (27.0 +/- 8.2 L/h) showing 20% lower clearance than CYP3A5*3/*3 carriers (32.4 +/- 10.2 L/h) (P = .063). However, the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve of amlodipine was 200.9 +/- 61.9 ng . h/mL for CYP3A5*1 carriers and 167.6 +/- 45.0 ng . h/mL for CYP3A5*3/*3 carriers (P = .029). Moreover, the peak plasma concentration was significantly higher in CYP3A5*1 carriers (3.8 +/- 1.1 ng/mL) than in CYP3A5*3/*3 carriers (3.1 +/- 0.8 ng/mL) (P = .037). Pharmacodynamically, blood pressure and pulse rate were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: CYP3A5*3/*3 carriers exhibited lower plasma amlodipine concentrations than CYP3A5*1 carriers. These findings suggest that the polymorphic CYP3A5 gene affects the disposition of amlodipine and provides a plausible explanation for interindividual variability in amlodipine disposition.     

Effectiveness of active nasal surveillance culture for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients undergoing colorectal surgery

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to clarify the role of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers in the development of surgical site infection (SSI) after colorectal surgery.Summary background dataMRSA is commonly implicated in hospital-acquired infections. Active surveillance culture (ASC) using the nasal swab test is useful to detect MRSA in surgical patients. We hypothesized that MRSA carriers would be more susceptible to SSI after colorectal surgeryMethodsPatients who underwent ASC between 2010 and 2013 were included in this study. The incidence of SSI was compared between MRSA carriers and non-carriers using the chi-square test. The odds ratio for SSI was computed using logistic regression analyses.ResultsAmong 355 patients, 12 (3.4%) were identified as MRSA carriers and 343 as non-carriers. Of all the patients, 65 patients (18.3%) developed an SSI. Of these, 6 cases were in MRSA carriers and 59 cases were in non-carriers (p < 0.01). This meant that half of the 12 MRSA carriers developed an SSI, compared with only 17.2% of non-carriers (59 cases out of 343 patients). Therefore, MRSA carriers had a significantly higher risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio = 4.77 [1.37 to 16.6], p = 0.01).ConclusionsDetection of MRSA via ASC is significantly associated with the development of SSI after colorectal surgery. These findings indicate that ASC for MRSA is useful to predict an SSI.