空气喷磨对乳牙树脂充填微渗漏的影响

目的:体外评价空气喷磨备洞与常规车针备洞对乳牙树脂充填微渗漏的影响.方法:对照组(Ⅰ,n=12)人离体乳磨牙常规备洞,其余组分别用27μm(Ⅱ,n=12)和50μm(Ⅲ,n=12)氧化铝微粒空气喷磨备洞.每组抽取2颗样本,其中1颗牙齿进行酸蚀,2颗样本行扫描电镜对比观察.余牙树脂充填、热循环处理后亚甲基蓝溶液染色.结果:27μm氧化铝微粒空气喷磨与常规车针备洞比较无显著差别(P>0.05).50μm氧化铝颗粒空气喷磨较常规备洞能显著减少乳牙树脂充填的微渗漏(P<0.05).但50μm与27 μm组间无显著差别(P>0.05).扫描电镜观察:与单纯空气喷磨或常规车针备洞者比较,空气喷磨后酸蚀,牙齿表面形态呈规则的蜂窝状.结论:50μm氧化铝颗粒空气喷磨可显著减少乳牙树脂充填的微渗漏.     

空气喷磨对预防性树脂充填微渗漏的影响

目的 :体外评价空气喷磨、酸蚀和两者结合对预防性树脂充填微渗漏的影响。方法 :对照组 (I,n =12 )对人离体磨牙常规预防性树脂充填。其余组分别用 5 0 μ(Ⅱ,Ⅲ)和 27μ(Ⅳ ,Ⅴ)氧化铝喷磨 ,其中两组 (Ⅳ ,Ⅴ)酸蚀 30s。每组一半牙齿进行热循环处理 (5～ 5 5℃ ,2500周 )后 ,用亚甲基蓝溶液着色。结果 :不论结合酸蚀与否 ,用 5 0 μ氧化铝喷磨 ,均与对照组不存在显著性差异 (p >0.05)。但喷磨后酸蚀比单纯喷磨能显著地减少微渗漏 (p<0.05)。 5 0 μ较 27μ氧化铝微粒显著地减少微渗漏(p <0.05)。结论 :空气喷磨结合酸蚀能显著地减少预防性树脂充填的微渗漏。     

Er∶YAG激光在Constic树脂修复窝沟龋的实验研究

目的 分析铒激光处理在临床牙体修复效果的研究.方法 选择健康前磨牙80颗.随机分为四组,每组20颗.A组:手机备洞后树脂充填;B组:铒激光备洞后树脂充填;C、D组分别经过铒激光备洞和不同的预处理后充填,每组取10颗观察牙体间与充填体缝隙;其余样本观察微渗漏情况.结果 ①A组较其他三组微渗漏最高,有统计学意义(P＜0.0...     

3种复合树脂充填Ⅴ类洞的微渗漏比较研究

目的:比较义获嘉N Ceram纳米瓷化树脂、N Flow流动树脂及Bulk Fill 三次方大块充填树脂充填上颌前磨牙Ⅴ类洞后树脂充填体边缘的微渗漏情况,评估3种不同复合树脂的抗微渗漏性能,寻找较好的充填V类洞的复合树脂材料.方法:选取牙体完整、健康的人离体前磨牙66颗,随机分为3组(n=22).所有样本牙在颊侧颈部制备标准V类箱状洞型(长4 mm、宽3 mm、深2 mm).3组试验牙经选择性釉质酸蚀自黏结后,分别使用N Ceram纳米瓷化树脂(A组)、N Flow流动树脂(B组)及Bulk Fill三次方大块充填树脂(C组)进行充填.充填完成后,3组试验牙均行弱光启动固化,打磨抛光.将3组样本进行1500个周期的冷热循环,2％亚甲基蓝浸泡染色7d,然后沿牙体颊舌向切片.每组随机选取2颗样本牙,在扫描电镜下观察牙体-充填体交界面的密合程度;其余60颗样本牙在体视显微镜下(×40)观察剖面充填体的微渗漏情况.采用Spot Advanced软件测量微渗漏深度,并根据0～3分分别给(牙合)、龈壁微渗漏程度评分.采用SPSS17.0软件包对各组的微渗漏深度分别进行Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验和Mann-Whitney检验.结果:义获嘉Bulk Fill组树脂在3组中龈壁的微渗漏最小,且与另外2组相比有显著差异,N Ceran纳米树脂组与N Flow流动树脂组龈壁的微渗漏均较高(P＜0.05);3组复合树脂材料(牙合)壁的微渗漏无显著差异(P＞0.05);3组树脂(牙合)壁的微渗漏值均比龈壁小且差异显著(P＜0.05).结论:3组树脂在(牙合)壁的微渗漏值无显著差异.义获嘉Bulk Fill组树脂充填V类洞时.在3组中龈壁的微渗漏最小,且与另外2种树脂之间有显著差异.     

空气喷磨对乳牙树脂充填微拉伸强度的影响

目的：研究空气喷磨对乳牙树脂充填微拉伸强度的影响,为该技术的临床应用提供依据。方法24颗离体乳磨牙切除冠部釉质暴露牙本质后,随机分为2组,分别用50μm氧化铝微粒空气喷磨(空气喷磨组)和金刚砂车针预备(金刚砂车针组)。每组抽取2个样本牙,1个样本牙直接扫描电镜观察,另外1个进行酸蚀后行扫描电镜观察。余留样本牙复合树脂充填后制成试件,采用微拉伸技术,测试试件断裂时的最大应力。结果空气喷磨组的微拉伸强度为(24.470±3.194) Mpa,高于金刚砂车针组(22.294±2.268) Mpa,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。扫描电镜观察：涡轮机金刚砂车针预备后酸蚀的牙本质表面呈浅坑状形态,空气喷磨后酸蚀呈规则的蜂窝状。结论空气喷磨技术可提高乳牙复合树脂充填的微拉伸强度。     

复合树脂直接充填中减少微渗漏的方法

复合树脂直接充填形成的微渗漏可导致牙齿过敏、继发龋、牙髓炎及充填体脱落等，本文综述复合树脂直接充填中减少微渗漏的修复方法：如复合树脂充填中加入玻璃一瓷内置体方法、三明治方法、流动树脂的使用、空气喷磨技术和应注意的问题。     

可流动复合树脂充填楔状缺损的体外微渗漏研究

目的　研究可流动复合树脂充填楔状缺损离体牙模型的边缘微渗漏情况。方法　选择因正畸拔除的上颌前磨牙2 4个,于颊侧颈部釉牙骨质界处备V型洞后,随机分为3组,分别采用Aelieteflo可流动复合树脂,DyractAP复合体,GICTYPEII化学固化玻璃离子进行充填。经力循环、热循环后,2 %亚甲基蓝染色2 4h ,将每个牙齿自颊舌向沿长轴连续切3片。体视显微镜放大4 0倍观察充填体边缘染液渗漏情况。结果　3组间充填体微渗率差异有显著性(P <0 .0 0 1) ,以Aelieteflo材料的边缘微渗率最低(P <0 .0 5 )。3组牙合侧壁与龈侧壁微渗率间差异无显著性(P =0 .2 6 3)。结论　可流动复合树脂用于楔状缺损充填可以获得较好的边缘封闭性。     

漂白处理对树脂充填体边缘微渗漏的影响

目的:评价35%过氧化氢凝胶对树脂充填体边缘微渗漏的影响。方法:选择离体上颌第三磨牙40颗,在颊面制备Ⅴ类洞复合树脂分层充填,光照固化抛光后按处理时间随机分为4组(n=10):A(对照组)、B(10 min)、C(20 min)、D(30min)。将凝胶涂布于充填体表面进行漂白处理后冷热循环500次,再用2%亚甲蓝溶液染色24 h,沿颊舌纵向剖开,体式显微镜观察并记录染料渗入深度。用Kruskal-Wallis法进行数据分析;Mann-Whitney法组间两两比较,检验水准均为α=0.05。结果:不同漂白处理时间对树脂充填体边缘微渗漏的影响有统计学意义(P<0.05);组间比较显示A与C、A与D、B与D、C与D间差异有统计学意义。结论:35%过氧化氢凝胶漂白处理使复合树脂充填体的边缘微渗漏程度增加。     

乳牙不同修复方式微渗漏体外实验研究

目的:探讨离体乳牙预备后不同修复方式微渗漏差异。方法:将20颗乳前牙及20颗乳磨牙均随机分为两组,各组中又随机分为4组即树脂充填组、贴面预成冠(金属预成冠)修复组、全瓷预成冠修复玻璃离子水门汀粘固组及全瓷预成冠修复BioCem树脂粘固组,测定样本微渗漏程度。结果:与复合树脂充填相比,预成冠修复后微渗漏降低(P<0.05);全瓷预成冠修复玻璃离子水门汀粘固微渗漏低于贴面预成冠(金属预成冠)修复(P>0.05);全瓷预成冠修复BioCem粘固微渗漏要明显低于全瓷预成冠修复玻璃离子水门汀粘固(P<0.05)。结论:乳牙离体牙预备修复后,冠修复微渗漏程度明显低于充填术,且BioCem树脂粘固的全瓷预成冠微渗漏最小,临床上值得推广及应用。     

喷磨处理氟斑牙牙釉质与复合树脂黏结界面微渗漏的研究

目的体外评价空气喷磨、酸蚀和两者结合处理氟斑牙牙釉质对其与复合树脂黏结界面间微渗漏的影响。方法选择18颗氟斑牙正畸患者拔除的第一前磨牙为研究对象,随机分为A、B、C三组,对其牙釉质分别进行单纯酸蚀、单纯喷磨、喷磨加酸蚀处理而后黏结树脂,进行冷热循环、染色。立体显微镜下观察并测量黏结界面微渗漏情况。方差检验进行统计学分析。结果单纯空气喷磨组的微渗漏测量值为(1.51±0.28)mm,与常规酸蚀组(1.03±0.33)mm相比,二者之间有统计学差异(P<0.05);喷磨加酸蚀组的微渗漏测量值为(0.51±0.28)mm,与常规酸蚀组相比亦有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论采用空气喷磨加酸蚀预处理氟斑牙牙釉质可减少氟斑牙牙釉质与复合树脂间的微渗漏。     

树脂直接充填与超瓷嵌体修复牙体缺损的微渗漏比较

目的 探讨用Filtek Z350复合树脂和超瓷嵌体修复Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类洞的边缘微渗漏的差异.方法 选取40颗新鲜拔除的第三磨牙,随机分成4组,每组10颗.A1组为Ⅰ类洞树脂直接充填,A2组为Ⅱ类洞树脂直接充填,B1组为Ⅰ类洞型超瓷嵌体修复,B2组为Ⅱ类洞超瓷嵌体修复.4组均置于1％碱性品红溶液染色21 d.用低速金刚砂锯沿牙体长轴近远中向切开,制备牙齿切片,体视显微镜观测粘接界面染色剂渗透深度.结果 （1）Ⅰ类（Z=5.909）、Ⅱ类洞（轴壁Z=5.504,龈壁Z=2.958）超瓷嵌体的边缘微渗漏都显著小于Z350复合树脂直接充填（P＜0.05）;（2）无论树脂直接充填（Z=1.413）还是嵌体修复（Z=0.455）,Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类洞的微渗漏差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 超瓷嵌体修复是牙体缺损理想的修复方法.     

流动树脂衬垫对树脂充填Ⅱ类洞龈壁微渗漏的影响

目的：了解流动树脂衬垫对树脂充填Ⅱ类洞龈壁微渗漏的影响。方法：选择30颗离体前磨牙随机分成A、B、C组,每组10颗,在近远中面制备长方形Ⅱ类洞,分别用通用型树脂直接充填（A组）,龈壁全层流动树脂衬垫后通用型树脂充填（B组）,流动树脂部分衬垫轴壁、龈壁后通用型树脂充填（C组）。所有试件经过温度循环、染色、近远中向连续切片,在30倍体视显微镜下观察龈壁染料渗漏情况。结果：C组的微渗漏明显小于A组和B组（P〈0．05）,A组和B之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：实验研究表明,使用流动树脂作为衬垫层能明显降低Ⅱ类洞龈壁的微渗漏。     

Comparison of marginal microleakage of flowable composite restorations in primary molars prepared by high-speed carbide bur, Er:YAG laser, and air abrasion

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the influence of 3 cavity preparation devices (carbide bur, Er:YAG laser, and air abrasion) on the microleakage of flowable composite restorations in primary teeth. METHODS: Fifteen primary second molars were selected, and Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal/lingual surfaces, being assigned to 3 groups (n= 10). Group 1 (control) was prepared using a high-speed handpiece and was acid etched. Group 2 was prepared and treated with a Er:YAG laser (400mJ/4Hz and 80mJ/4Hz, respectively) and was acid etched. Group 3 was prepared and treated with an air abrasion system and was acid etched. Cavities were restored and stored for 7 days. Restorations were polished, thermocycled, immersed in 0.2% rhodamine B, sectioned, and analyzed for leakage. RESULTS: Er:YAG laser-prepared cavities showed the highest degree of infiltration. The performance of the air abrasion device was comparable to that of the high-speed handpiece. CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that the method of cavity preparation affected the microleakage of Class V cavities restored with flowable composite in primary teeth.     

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目的对比4种充填材料的边缘微渗漏情况,为其临床应用提供合理指导。方法选择2013年1—6月青岛大学医学院附属医院口腔科因牙周病或阻生齿而拔除的健康新鲜后牙60颗,备洞后随机分为6组,每组10颗,分别使用Fihek Z250复合树脂（A1、A2组）、Ketac N100树脂加强型玻璃离子（B1组）、Ketac MolarEasymix型玻璃离子（B2、B3组）、F2000Compomer玻璃离子复合体（B4组）充填窝洞。其中A2组充填后充填体表面涂布AdperSingleBond2粘接剂,B3组充填后充填体表面涂布凡士林,而其他各组充填后表面不做任何处理。经冷热交替实验后,记录各组染料渗入窝洞壁与充填体之间的深度,并进行统计分析。结果A2组微渗漏最小,B2组微渗漏最大,与其他组（A1、B1、B3、B4）相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;A1、B1、B3、B4组间两两比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论复合树脂、树脂加强型玻璃离子、玻璃离子复合体的边缘微渗漏均小于传统型玻璃离子;表面涂布隔湿剂后能增强上述材料的边缘封闭性能。     

根管充填材料边缘微渗漏体外实验研究

目的 对比4种充填材料的边缘微渗漏情况,为其临床应用提供合理指导。方法 选择2013年1—6月青岛大学医学院附属医院口腔科因牙周病或阻生齿而拔除的健康新鲜后牙60颗,备洞后随机分为6组,每组10颗,分别使用FiltekTM Z250复合树脂（A1、A2组）、KetacTM N100树脂加强型玻璃离子（B1组）、KetacTM Molar Easymix型玻璃离子（B2、B3组）、F2000 Compomer玻璃离子复合体（B4组）充填窝洞。其中A2组充填后充填体表面涂布Adper Single Bond 2粘接剂,B3组充填后充填体表面涂布凡士林,而其他各组充填后表面不做任何处理。经冷热交替实验后,记录各组染料渗入窝洞壁与充填体之间的深度,并进行统计分析。结果 A2组微渗漏最小,B2组微渗漏最大,与其他组（A1、B1、B3、B4）相比差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;A1、B1、B3、B4组间两两比较差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 复合树脂、树脂加强型玻璃离子、玻璃离子复合体的边缘微渗漏均小于传统型玻璃离子;表面涂布隔湿剂后能增强上述材料的边缘封闭性能。     

复合树脂预热对修复体边缘微渗漏的影响

目的观察预热树脂和室温树脂充填Ⅱ类洞的龈壁边缘微渗漏的情况。方法20个新鲜离体恒磨牙备近中面Ⅱ类洞,充填光固化后牙树脂P60,充填树脂分2组:电热恒温箱预热树脂至45℃和16℃室温下直接充填树脂。充填后标本经温度循环、品红染色、近远中向连续切片,在体视显微镜下观察染料渗透情况。结果预热树脂组Ⅱ类洞龈壁微渗漏明显小于室温树脂组(P<0.05)。结论应用预热树脂充填可减小Ⅱ类洞龈壁牙骨质-牙本质边缘微渗漏。     

Microleakage of Class II packable resin composites lined with flowables: an in vitro study

Flowable resin materials have been suggested as liners beneath packable composites to improve marginal integrity. This investigation evaluated the effect of low-viscosity liners on microleakage in Class II packable composite restorations. Twenty Class II cavities were prepared in extracted third molars for each of four packable composites (Heliomolar HB, Prodigy Condensable, Surefil and Tetric Condense). Ten restorations were placed for each material with their corresponding bonding agent per manufacturer's suggestion; in addition, 10 were placed with the flowable liner recommended by the manufacturer for that material. Samples were finished, stored in distilled water for at least 24 hours and thermocycled for 1,000 cycles between 5 degrees and 55 degrees C with a one-minute dwell time. Apices were sealed with epoxy cement and the teeth were varnished to within 1 mm of the margins. Samples were placed in 0.5% basic fuschin dye for 24 hours, rinsed, embedded in resin and sectioned to produce multiple sections. Microleakage was rated (0-4 ordinal scale) at both the occlusal and cervical margins. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA for main effect and ranked sum analysis for pairwise testing (alpha = 0.05). All materials, either separately or in combination with a flowable liner, had greater leakage scores at the cervical margin compared to the occlusal margin. All packable systems tested did not yield a reduction in microleakage with the use of a flowable liner in vitro; however, the packable system with the flowable compomer used as a liner yielded significantly less overall microleakage compared to the three systems that used a resin composite liner.     

Microleakage of cervical cavities restored with flowable composites

PURPOSE: To investigate the microleakage of cervical cavities restored with flowable composites in conjunction with an all-in-one adhesive system (AQ Bond) and an experimental two-step self-etching primer system (ABF) after thermocycling or flexural load cycling. METHODS: 180 wedge-shaped cervical cavities on the labial surfaces of bovine incisors were treated with AQ Bond or ABF according to the manufacturers' instructions. The treated cavities were filled with one of three flowable composites (AElite Flo, Metafil Flo or Protect Liner F). Ten of 30 specimens for each group were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution immediately after finishing of the restorations. Specimens to be subjected to thermocycling (5-60 degrees C, 15 seconds dwell time, 5000 cycles) or to flexural load cycling (approximately 0.5 mm labio-lingual displacement at the incisal edge, 10,000 cycles, 1 Hz) prior to immersion in the dye were also prepared. After 24-hour storage in the dye solution, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally through the center of the restorations, and the degrees of dye penetration scored. The microleakage scores of a hybrid composite (Clearfil AP-X) obtained from our previous study were used for comparison. The data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U-test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: No significant differences in the microleakage patterns and scores were found among the flowable composites. On the other hand, significant differences in the microleakage patterns and scores were observed between the flowable and the hybrid composites. Thermocycling caused deterioration of marginal integrity, and the flowable composites showed more microleakage than the hybrid composite. In contrast, flexural load cycling did not cause deterioration of the marginal integrity when the cavities were filled with the flowable composites. Statistical analysis also revealed that the adhesive systems played a large role in the microleakage patterns.